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<![CDATA[Family Background and Parenting Characteristics of Young People with Methamphetamine Use Disorder in Northeastern Region of Thailand ]]>
<![CDATA[Pinet Tatiwechakul1 ,Varisara Luvira2 , Akarapat Tayarajakul3, Wannaporn Phachantasein4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10741
<![CDATA[Background: Drug abuse is an important medical problem which affects both the patient and society. This problem is rather common among young people in Thailand which family upbringing is one of the risk factors especially in the Northeastern region where prevalence of parental migration is the highest. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine family background and parenting characteristics of young people with methamphetamine use disorder as well as the association between factors related to family upbringing and the onset of substance use in these young people. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study of young people between 18 and 24 years of age with methamphetamine use disorder who visited outpatient clinics in Thanyarak Udon Thani Hospital and Thanyarak Khon Kaen Hospital. 145 subjects were included to complete self-answer questionnaire that included demographic information, details on substance uses, family background and parenting characteristics. Results: The results showed 88.3% were male and the mean age of 21.22 years. The prevalence of parental migration during childhood was 30.34% (95%CI: 23.14, 38.61) while parental absence was 16.6%. Primary caregivers during childhood were either father or mother in 70.34% of the subjects. Data analysis found that having neither of parents as primary caregivers was associated with the onset of methamphetamine use before age of 18 years (p<0.5). Conclusion: Having one or both parents as childhood primary caregivers could reduce the risk of methamphetamine abuse among adolescents.]]>
<![CDATA[Heatstroke due to Vehicular Entrapment: An Autopsy Case Report ]]>
<![CDATA[Razuin R1,2., Julina M. N3 , Nurquin F. S.2 , Amirul A. H.2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10742
<![CDATA[Heatstroke is defined as severe heat illness with elevated body temperature greater than 40.6?C associated with central nervous system dysfunction. In children, heatstroke as a result of vehicular entrapment is commonly encountered. We report a case of a six-year-old boy who was accidentally left in a school van under scorching hot afternoon for several hours. Upon discovery, he was rushed to a hospital where he was pronounced dead. His body temperature taken at the Emergency Department was 40.3?C. The body felt warm in spite of apparent presence of post mortem changes such as rigor and livor mortis. His clothes were drenched in sweat. A medico-legal autopsy was performed. On general examination, his body was pale and the lips were also parched and pale. Internally, there was subdural haemorrhage and petechial haemorrhages on the lungs and the epicardial surface of the heart. The cause of death was given as heatstroke as a result of vehicular entrapment. We wish to emphasize and appeal to the public that this tragic incident is preventable. Public and private sectors should help creating awareness of dangers in leaving a child unattended in a car]]>
<![CDATA[Cardiac Haemorrhage: An Extreme Presentation of Leptospirosis ]]>
<![CDATA[Razuin R1,2, Nurquin F. S2 , Nur A. R. P.2 , Julina M. N.3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10743
<![CDATA[Introduction: Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The severe form of the disease may present with cardiac and pulmonary involvements resulting in multi-organ failure. Cardiac manifestations of leptospirosis include arrhythmia, cardiomegaly, petechial haemorrhages, pericarditis and myocarditis. Case report: We report a case of a 10-year-old boy who was having shortness of breath and collapsed at home. At the emergency department, he was having refractory hypotension with electrocardiogram (ECG) showing sinus tachycardia. The liver and cardiac enzymes were markedly raised. The full blood count showed leukocytosis. It was concluded that he was in septicaemic state with acute multi-organ failure of unknown cause. He succumbed to the illness approximately 8 hours after the hospital admission. At autopsy, the lungs, liver and spleen were markedly congested. Pericardial effusion was noted. The heart showed extensive areas of petechial and confluent haemorrhages involving almost the entire epicardial surface of the right and left ventricles. Massive subendocardial haemorrhage was also observed upon sectioning of the left ventricular chamber. Histopathology examination corroborated that haemorrhages were present in the heart, lungs and the liver. Laboratory investigations revealed positive Leptospira IgM antibody, confirmed by positive Leptospira PCR. The cause of death was concluded as cardiac and pulmonary haemorrhages secondary to leptospirosis. Conclusion: Cardiovascular involvement in leptospirosis may manifest as rapidly deteriorating illness with clinical evidence demonstrable from the ECG changes and raised cardiac enzymes. Recognizing these signs early may help to improve outcomes.]]>
<![CDATA[Children’s Nutrition Status Based on Streetism, Mobility, and Social Cohesion Perspective in Makassar (Study Epidemiology Analytic) ]]>
<![CDATA[Samsualam1 , Masriadi 2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10746
<![CDATA[Background. Changes in community structure from argument to industry and lifestyle changes, socio economic societies are suspected as a backdrop to the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, so that the incidence of non-communicable diseases varies greatly in epidemiological transitions. One of the epidemiological problems that often arises is the problem of child nutrition. Street children nutrition is very concern in Makassar City. Street children in Makassar city are increasing every year. This was seen in 2014 the number of street children was 220, in 2015 there were 250 children, while in 2016 it increased to 305 street children. Street children are at risk of suffering from nutritional disorders. The nutritional status of street children is very dependent on mobility, streetism, mobility, and social cohesion. The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the nutritional status of street children based on the perspective of streetism, mobility and social cohesion in Makassar. The benefits of this research are expected to be able to develop theories and concepts regarding the nutritional status of street children based on epidemiological studies. Material and Methods The type of research used was an observational method in a cross-sectional study design. The sampling method uses simple random sampling. The study was conducted in September January 2020. The number of sampling was 90 people. The population and research sample are street children in Makassar City. The data analysis technique used in this study is Chi-square. Results. There is an influence of streetism and social cohesion on street children in Makassar. The results of the analysis of the relationship between streetism, mobility and social cohesion with the nutritional status of street children found that streetism p (0,000) <p (0.05), mobilitas p (0,075) p > (0,05), kohesi social p (0,075) p > (0,05). Conclusion. Streetism has a very significant influence on the status of street children in Makassar. It is recommended that the social service and health office work together with halfway houses to provide information on nutrition to street children so that they understand about nutritious food, healthy eating patterns.]]>
<![CDATA[Changes in ARB Sputum Positivity, BMI and TNF-? Levels of Pulmonary TB Patients with ARB Positive During One-month Intensive Treatment ]]>
<![CDATA[Samsuri1, Helmia Hasan1]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10747
<![CDATA[Backgoround: TNF-? plays a role in the occurrence of anorexia and weight loss in pulmonary tubercolusis (TB) patients. Evaluation of treatment response can be done with clinical, microbiological and radiological evaluation. In patients without cough, Body Mass Index (BMI) and TNF-? levels can be used to evaluate clinical treatment response. Objectives: The aim of the study is to measure the Acid Resistant Bacteria (ARB) sputum positivity decrease, TNF-? levels and increased BMI after 2 weeks and 4 weeks intensive treatment of pulmonary TB patients with new case of ARB positive. Methods: The sample size was 14 people with ARB positive pulmonary TB cases, consisting of 9 men and 5 women. It was done sputup smear, BMI and TNF-? examination before treatment, at week 2 and week 4 of intensive phase treatment Result: At the end of the second week, TNF-? levels decreased significantly compared to baseline TNF-? levels with p = 0.015. There was a non significant increase of BMI at the end of the second and fourth week with p = 0.309 and p = 0.270 respectively. The decrease in ARB sputum smear positivity at the end of the second week compared to the fourth week was not statistically significant with p = 0.157. There was a strong correlation between TNF-? and IMT levels before treatment with negative correlation, r = -0.702 and p = 0.005. Conclusion: Levels of TNF-? at the end of the second week decreased significantly compared to baseline TNF-? levels. There was a strong correlation between TNF-? levels and BMI prior to treatment.]]>
<![CDATA[The Relationship between Frequency of Prayer and Death Anxiety in Cancer Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Negar Ranjbar Hajabadi1 , Roya Ebrahimi1 , Sakine Farhadi2 , Hojjati Hamid3 , Mahboubeh Tabrsa4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10748
<![CDATA[Introduction: Cancer is a chronic and fatal disease. In advanced stages of cancer when patients notice their impending death, they become increasingly afraid of death. Meanwhile, having faith and resorting to prayer act as non-medical treatment and palliative care. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between praying and anxiety of death in cancer patients. Method: This descriptive- correlation study was conducted on 96 cancer patients who had been referred to the Food and Drug Administration of Golestan province in Iran to receive agonist drugs. Templar and Marioliga’s standard questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Data were analyzed by logistic regression test. Results: Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant but reverse relationship between prayer and death anxiety (P<0.2, r=-0.24), so that with increase in prayer, death anxiety reduced. Conclusion: According to chronic nature of cancer and prolong treatment that it acquires, non pharmacological methods such as religion can be effective in improving mental health and reducing anxiety of dying patients.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparative Evaluation of Microscopy and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp) Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis ]]>
<![CDATA[Ni Njoman Juliasih, Rajesh Kumar Das2 , Ni Made Mertaniasih3 , Prabin Neupane4, , Reny Mareta Sari5]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10749
<![CDATA[Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major global health problem which affects millions of people each year. For the routine diagnosis of TB, microscopic technique is used but it has lower sensitivity and specificity. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) over smear microscopy to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Out of 84 processed samples processed in this study, the diagnostic tests showed varying results. Using smear microscopy, 16(19.05%) and with the LAMP assay, 17(20.24%) cases were found positive for M. tuberculosis. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay (87.5%) was greater than that of microscopy (82.35%) while the specificity of both methods was comparable (>95%). Being more sensitive than microscopy, LAMP assay is more likely to show the positive result and solve the errors in diagnosis of the TB cases. Thus, LAMP assay can be an important and cost-effective tool for appropriate and timely diagnosis of TB patients. This can further assist to implement intervention programs against TB.]]>
<![CDATA[Characteristics Nanoparticle of Propolis Ethanol Extracts with Variations of Chitosan-Sodium Alginat ]]>
<![CDATA[Santi Sinala1,4 , Marianti A.Manggau2 , Sartini2 , Rudy Hartono3,4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10750
<![CDATA[Nanoencapsulation technology has many advantages, which include important roles in drug delivery and protection of bioactive components that have perishable stability, one of which is polyphenol compounds. Propolis which contains high levels of polyphenol compounds has been used as an antioxidant for various diseases. By making nanoparticles from propolis, it can maintain the stability of polyphenol compounds from propolis and increase the effect of treatment through optimal delivery. Nanoformulations containing ethanol extract of propolis were absorbed by chitosan-sodium alginate using an ionotropic pre-gelation method. Optimization is carried out at various concentrations of chitosan, namely 0.05%; 0.075%; 0.1% and 0.125% , with the use of the same sodium alginate concentration which is 0.0063%. Testing of nanoparticle characteristics includes particle size and morphology and adsorption efficiency (EE) consisting of total flavonoid and total polyphenol values. The increase in chitosan polymer is directly proportional to the increase in particle size, but does not occur in the absorption efficiency value. The 0.05% chitosan formula showed the absorption of polyphenol compounds at 99.41% with particle sizes of 259.12 nm]]>
<![CDATA[The Profiles of Blood Pressure and Blood glucose Level among the Elderly in “Y” Village, Gresik, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Putri Ayuni Alayyannur1 , Festi Artika Sari2 , Nova Febriana3 , Rohmat Romadhoniansyah4 , Fajar Muha]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10751
<![CDATA[Elderly people is someone who has the age of 60 years or more. In old age physiological functions decrease due to degenerative processes (aging), resulting in many non-communicable diseases. Non-communicable diseases in the elderly include hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus and arthritis or rheumatism. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the district of Gresik is quite high. The aims of this community service was to find out the profile of blood pressure and blood glucose levels of the elderly in “Y” Village, Gresik District. This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling method uses accidental sampling technique, which is 60 elderly people who come at the health examination. Sixty elderly people measured blood pressure and blood glucose level. The measurement results showed that the elderly blood pressure in Y village had 50% blood pressure in the hypertension stage 1 and 2, 23% in the pre hypertension category, and 27% had normal blood pressure. While the results of measuring 22% of blood glucose levels had blood glucose level in the Diabetes Melitus category which is ?200 mg / dl, 58% have blood glucose levels in the category of 90-199 mg / dl and 20% had normal blood glucose levels. This study concludes that most of the elderly in Y Village are suffering from hypertension and having non-DM blood glucose level. Conclusion of this research is elderly people in Y Village has hypertension and blood glucose level in the category of not yet diabetes.]]>
<![CDATA[Is Parity a Predictor of Neonatal Death in Indonesia? Analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey ]]>
<![CDATA[Ratna Dwi Wulandari1 , Agung Dwi Laksono2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10752
<![CDATA[One factor that is thought to have a close relationship with neonatal deaths is parity. This is a problem for Indonesia which has the cultural characteristics of a large number of children is something positive. The study used the 2017 IDHS data. With stratification and multistage random sampling, 36,548 women aged 15-49 years with live births in the last 5 years were sampled. The final analyzed using a Binary Logistic Regression test. Multiparous women in Indonesia have a higher percentage of neonatal deaths than multiparous women. But the difference in parity between primiparous and multiparous was found not to be a predictor of neonatal death in Indonesia. Three other variables were found to be proven, predictors. Women who were not employed were 0.576 times more likely than women employed for neonatal death (OR 0.576; 95% CI 0.407-0.814). Women who did antenatal care ?4 times were 2.332 times more likely than women who had ANC <4 times to experience neonatal death (OR 2.332; 95% CI 1.519-3.578). Women who did not experience a complication during delivery were 0.457 times more likely than women who had a complication during delivery for neonatal death (OR 0.457; 95% CI 0.317-0.659). The study concluded that parity was not a predictor of neonatal death in Indonesia. Other variables that were proven to be predictors are employment status, antenatal care, and complications during pregnancy]]>
