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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Correlation of Toluene Safe Duration (Hours/Day) and Glutathione Concentration, Malondialdehyde and Neurotoxic Symptoms in Osowilangun Shoe Home Industry Workers Diah Pramesthi Ningrum1 , Abdul Rohim Tualeka2 , Juliana Jalaludin3 , Syamsiar S Russeng4 , Pudji Ra
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11602

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure of toluene can cause a decrease in glutathione concentration, increase inmalondialdehyde and neurotoxic symptoms. The safe duration of toluene in hours/day for each person canvary. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the safe duration of toluene (hours/day) with the concentration of glutathione, malondialdehyde and neurotoxic symptoms in Osowilangunshoe home industry workers.Methods: This research was observational with quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. Thesampling technique used was accidental sampling with 25 respondents. The variables studied were safetoluene duration (hours/day), glutathione concentration, malondialdehyde concentration, and neurotoxicsymptoms. Data were analyzed using Pearson and Phi correlation.Result: The average of safe duration was 1,489 hours/day, glutathione concentration was 58,349 µg/L,and malondialdehyde was 7,847 MU. As many as 11 out of 14 workers experienced neurotoxic symptoms.The relationship between safe duration (hours/day) with glutathione concentration (r=0.139) andmalondialdehyde (r=-0.146) was very weak. While, the relationship between safe duration (hours/day) andneurotoxic symptoms was weak (?=-0.223).Conclusion: The relationship between safe duration in hours/day with glutathione concentration andmalondialdehyde was very weak, while relationship with neurotoxic symptoms was weak.
Deleted Anwar Saad Qasim1 , Shukriyia Shadhan Chyad2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11604

Abstract

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Skin Penetration of Topical Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) as an Alternative Agent for Photoaging Prevention Damayanti1,2, Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa2 , Djoko Agus Purwanto3 , Anang Endaryanto4, Widjiati Widj
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11605

Abstract

Photoaging is skin aging, that especially caused by chronic exposure of ultraviolet radiation. Photoagingimpacts to patients’ quality of life. Many substances, such as green tea, had been tried to be alternativeagents for photoaging prevention. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant component ingreen tea. The requirement of topical substance to be able to work and give benefit to the skin is the skinpenetration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the skin penetration of EGCG. The back part of the maleWistar mouse was shaved carefully, then topical EGCG cream 5% and 10% were administered to mouseskin. After 1 week administration, the animal was terminated and the skin biopsy was done. The mouse skinwas extracted and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) examination was performed to evaluatethe skin penetration of topical EGCG. The result of HPLC examination of 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, and 8 ppmEGCG level, showed the curve peak at 3.295, 3.296, 3.295 and 3.293 second. The basic curve showed R2 ofpure EGCG powder used in this study was 0,9999. The result of HPLC examination in this study showed,the curve peak of extracted mouse skin after EGCG cream 5% and 10% administration were between 3.2-3.7second. The result of HPLC examination in this study showed that EGCG cream could penetrate into Wistarmouse skin after EGCG cream application for 1 week.
Methods for Determination of Reactive Metabolites of Thiopurines Dardan Dreshaj1 , Flaka Pasha2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11606

Abstract

Background: This Review Represents A Critical And Constructive Analysis Of Literature In The ContentOf Methods For Determination Of Reactive Metabolites Of Thiopurines. The Review Is Generated ThroughSummary, Classification, Analysis And Comparison Of Already Existing Material And Researches On Field.Methods: Databases As Scopus, Pubmed, Medline And Web Of Science Were Used To Extract Data For TheReview. Search Terms Like “Methods For Determination Of Metabolites”, “Thiopurines” And “ReactiveMetabolites” Were Used. Out Of 160 Research Articles Screened, 20 Most Relevant Studies Are IncludedIn This Review.Conclusion: Determining Thiopurine Metabolites Level Is Crucial On Improving Patients’ Safety, QualityAnd Efficacy Of Treatment, Measure Patients’ Adherence To Therapy, Optimize Thiopurine Dosage ByEither Finding Safer/Higher Doses If Remission Is Not Achieved, Or By Determining Dose ReductionsWhen Adverse Treatment Outcomes Occur.Thiopurine Metabolites Are Measured By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc), ThroughDetermining Metabolites’ Concentration In Hemolysate. Thioguanine Nucleotides (Tgn) And TheMethylated Thioinosine Derivatives Are Not Measured Directly, Rather The 6-Thioguanine (Tg) For Tgn,And 4-Amino-5-(Methylthio) Carbonyl Imidazole (Amtci) For Methylated Thioinosine Derivatives AreMeasured.There Is A Misconception Among Patients And Healthcare Providers, That Determining ThiopurineMetabolites Level Provides Assurance On Optimal Dosing Which Can Be Used To Prevent AdverseThiopurine Treatment Outcomes. Despite This Assumption, Clearly Most Of The Thiopurine AdverseEffects Are Not Directly Related To Their Metabolites As 6-Tgn Or 6-Mmp Levels. Clinical Experience HasDemonstrated That Infections Associated With Thiopurines Do Not Regularly Correlate With Leukopenia,And Elevated Transaminases Can Occur Despite Normal 6-Mmp Levels.
Identification of Inhibiting Factors as a basis for Formulating Strategies to Tackle HIV/AIDS in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia Desy Puspitasari1 , Farida Handayani1 , Mamik Hidayah1 , Ratna Dwi Wulandari2 , Agung Dwi Laksono3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11607

Abstract

Based on the overall assessment, Indonesia has anticipated the epidemy of HIV/AIDS. However, thenumber of HIV/AIDS cases in Tulungagung District has increased a bit massively year by year. The totalcases of HIV/AIDS from 2006 to 2018 were 2320 cases. In the last three years, the number had an increaseof 295 cases, 324 cases, and 431 cases in 2016, 2017, and 2018 respectively. The high number of HIV/AIDScases showed that some obstacles still exist to combat the HIV/AIDS in Tulungagung District. To identifythe constraints as the basis of formulating strategies for the HIV/AIDS in Tulungagung District. We useda qualitative and descriptive method with an in-depth interview. Based on the in-depth interview, theinhibiting factors for HIV/AIDS prevention are divided into 3 factors. First, HIV/AIDS patients are stillclosed and reluctant to do medical check-ups and treatment in health facilities. Second, in terms of healthcare, health personnel still think that HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease that they keep away. Third, fromsociety’s perspective, the social stigma about HIV/AIDS sufferers often exists. By knowing the obstaclesthat occur in Tulungagung District, the right strategy can be made to accelerate HIV/AIDS prevention inTulungagung District.
Relation between Serum Lipids and Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroidism Patients Dheyaa Shinyar Hamad
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11608

Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs as a result of a malfunction in the thyroid glandsthat leads to a decrease in the secretion of their main hormones. Thyroid hormones are known to be havean important role in the regulating metabolism of lipids; thus, any impaired in the thyroid function causesa significant change in the levels of lipid. Objective: To evaluate the changes occurs for lipid levels inhypothyroidism patients and determine the correlation between lipids parameters and some thyroid hormones.Materials and Methods: The study included 45 healthy control subjects and 52 hypothyroidism patientswho visited private doctors’ clinics in Basra, Iraq. Thyroid hormones and serum lipids were measured forboth healthy subjects and hypothyroidism patients. Results: The study indicates an increase in the thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) values for hypothyroidism patients as compared to the healthy control groupwhile there is a slightly difference in the values of each of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) betweenthe two groups. There is a significant increase in the mean values of all lipids except for high densitylipoprotein (HDL) in the hypothyroidism patients compared to that in healthy control subjects. The studypresents that there is a positive correlation between TSH and all lipid parameters except for HDL whichgives negative relation (r = - 0.20). There is a moderate correlation between TSH and non-HDL (r = 0.42)while the other lipids appear weak correlation (TC(r=0.14), TG (r=0.19). LDL (0.16), VLDL (0.17), andLDL/HDL (0.17)). There is no correlation between T4 and TC (r = 0.03), LDL (r = 0.07). non-HDL (r =0.04), and LDL/HDL (r = 0.06), HDL (r = - 0.02) while TG and VLDL appears weak correlation (r = -0.11 to each one of them). Conclusions: The study found that the abnormal change in the levels of lipidsduring hypothyroidism may increase the likelihood for occurrence of arteriosclerosis and the emergence ofcardiovascular disease in hypothyroidism patients. There is a moderate positive relationship between TSHand non-HDL levels, as this indicates that non-HDL should be added to lipid profile tests as evidence ofmeasuring cardiac risk in patients with hypothyroidism
Evaluation of Storage Length to Blood Component Platelet Concentrate Quality in the Blood Bank, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Dhinasty Armenia1 , Betty Agustina Tambunan2,3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11609

Abstract

Storage of Platelet Concentrate (PC) can cause changes in thrombocyte quality that affect thrombocyteviability and decrease hemostatic function. All biochemical, structural and functional changes to plateletsduring storage in the Blood Bank are known as platelet storage lesions. To analyze the effect of storagelength on changes in thrombocyte morphology and function as well as the metabolic parameters of plateletconcentrate bag components. This was an analytical study with time series design. Sampling was doneconsecutively. Samples were new PC bags which were processed and stored at room temperature withagitation during June-July 2019 in the Blood Bank of the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya.Examination of platelet count and MPV were performed to determine morphological changes and metabolicparameters like pH, pCO2, and pO2 on day 1, day 3, and day 5th. Data were analyzed by using Shapiro-Wilktest, Paired t test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. There were significant changes in MPV, pH, and pCO2values during storage (p <0.05). However, there were no significant changes in platelet count and pO2value. Metabolic changes in PC bag were obtained but there was no decrease in platelet count so that the PCcomponent was still feasible to be given to the patient. Further research is needed for other parameters thatcan be affected by the storage process.
Pediatric Biliary Atresia: Prenatal and Postnatal Risk Factors Dina Aristiya Sumarno1 , Sjamsul Arief2 , Bagus Setyoboedi3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11610

Abstract

Background: Biliary atresia is the most common cause of cholestasis in infants caused by intrauterineand neonatal inflammatory process leads to progressive biliary tract obstruction and fibrosis. Risk factorsare expected to contribute in the disease type. Many studies have been done to determine the risk factorsof biliary atresia. Yet, there is still limited information about risk factors in Indonesia. This study aims todetermine the risk factors contributing to biliary atresia in East Java, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study collected 219 medical record data of cholestasis patients during January2010 to April 2017 that met the inclusion criteria. 85 of them were diagnosed with biliary atresia. Selectedprenatal and postnatal risk factor were evaluated and analyzed.Result: There were significant results in maternal age on pregnancy (p= 0.009), parity (p= 0.035), andgestational age (p= 0.005) among 85 patients which were diagnosed with biliary atresia. The regression testshowed significant result on those 3 factors.Conclusion: Maternal age on pregnancy, parity, and gestational age are the prenatal and postnatal riskfactors that contribute to the biliary atresia incidence. These results are expected to be used as one of theproviding information regarding prenatal and postnatal risk factors for pediatric biliary atresia in East Java,Indonesia
Distribution of Snail Mucous Extract (Achatina Fulica) on the Number of Wound’s Basal Epithelial Cells in Rats of Wistar Strain Dina Karimah Putri1 , Titiek Berniyanti 2, Edhi Jularso 3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11611

Abstract

Background: Acharan sulfate, a new glycosaminoglycan isolated from Achatina fulica, obtained from Kediri,East Java, Indonesia, plays a big role in wound healing process, because it can promote re-epithelialization.Purpose: This study aims to prove that extract of Achatina fulica mucous will increase the number of basalepithelial cells of the wound incision in the back of white male rats of wistar strain. Method: This researchwas done by an in-vivo experimental laboratory, using 14 white male rats of wistar strain that given anincision injury in the back with a length of ± 2 cm and depth of ± 2 mm. They were divided into two treatmentgroups, that are control group which is the incision wounds were given saline solutions; and treatment groupwhich is the incision wounds were given an extract of Achatina fulica mucous with crude acharan sulfatelevel is 86,74%. This treatment is given 3 ml once a day for five days. On the sixth day, biopsy was carriedout to make a histological specimen, then evaluate under a microscope to account the number of basalepithelial cells of the wound incision. Then statistical analysis was conducted by using independent samplest-test with ?=0,05. Results: There were significant differences between two treatment group, that are thenumber of basal epithelial cells in control group and treatment group (p<0,05). Conclusion: Extract ofAchatina fulica mucous with crude acharan sulfate level is 86,74% increase the number of basal epithelialcells of the wound incision in the back of white male rats of wistar strain.
Do Turbans Provide Protection Against Cranial Trauma in Two-Wheeler Accidents? A Review of the Indian Medical Literature Dirk HR Spennemann
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11612

Abstract

The wearing of turbans or head scarves is mandatory for practising Sikh men and women. Religious mandatesstipulate that nothing may be placed on top of the turban (scarf), thus making it impossible for practicing Sikhs towear protective motorcycle helmets. To honour the freedom of religious expression, many jurisdictions, includingIndia, have exempted Sikhs from mandatory helmet laws. Despite studies into the efficacy of protective helmetswhile riding ‘two-wheelers,’ little is known about the protective potential of turbans. This paper represents a reviewof Indian literature (277 studies) related to head injuries sustained in road traffic accidents involving two-wheelers.This review shows that the extant literature is of limited value when trying to understand the extent of the protectivepotential of turbans and that systematic, evidence-based epidemiological studies derived from hospital admissionsand forensic examinations are required.

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