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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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The Effect of Estrogen, Progesterone, and Its Combination on The Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Medula Spinalis in Regeneration Process of Peripheral Nerve Mochamad Rizki Yulianto1 , Agus Turchan1 , Hari Basuki Notobroto2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12094

Abstract

Background: The presence of modulation factors in the regeneration process of peripheral nerve cellsinfluenced by estrogen and progesterone. Peripheral nerve injury is a fairly common case of trauma. Brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most active group of neurotrophins in stimulating neurogenesis.Objectives: To proves the effect of estrogen and progesterone on the expression of BDNF on the spinal cordin peripheral nerve regeneration process. Methods: Laboratory experimental study with the completelyrandomized design. Total transitory nerve ischiadicus was performed on four groups of rats. Each groupreceived hormone therapy according to the group. Hormone therapy is administered every 3 days for28 days, and on the 29th day is termination, spinal cord sampling, and followed by BDNF expressionexamination by Immunohistochemistry method. Results: In the control group, BDNF expression of spinalcord neuron cells was 93.0±14.0. In the treatment group, BDNF expression was obtained after estrogentherapy was 77.25±19.19, progesterone was 84.5±20.61, and in a combination of estrogen and progesteronewas 77.75±16.54. After statistical tests, no significant differences were found between the treatment groups(p = 0.316). Conclusion: The administration of estrogen, progesterone, or a combination of both did notsignificantly increase BDNF expression when compared to the control group.
In Silico Study : Phyllanthus Niruri L as Immunomodulator Against Covid-19 Mohammad Sukmanadi1 , Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum2 aditya Tri Ananda3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12095

Abstract

In December 2019, a mysterious case of pneumonia was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Thesource of transmission of this case is still unknown, but the first case was linked to the fish market in Wuhan.From 18 December to 29 December 2019, there were five patients treated with Acute Respiratory DistressSyndrome (ARDS). 2 From 31 December 2019 to 3 January 2020 this case increased rapidly, marked by 44cases reported. In less than a month, the disease has spread to other provinces in China, Thailand, Japan andSouth Korea. This virus can be transmitted from human to human and has spread widely in China and morethan 190 other countries and territories. On 12 March 2020, WHO announced COVID-19 as a pandemic.As of March 29, 2020, there were 634,835 cases and 33,106 deaths worldwide. While in Indonesia, 1,528cases were confirmed with COVID-19 and 136 deaths. Phyllanthus niruri L (meniran) is one type ofimmunostimulator that can improve the immune system in animal experiments and humans. This studyaims to determine Phyllanthus niruri L as an immunomodulator for Covid-19. From the results of researchconducted that Phyllanthus niruri L can improve the activities and functions of several non-specific immunesystem components and specific immune systems, both soluble and cell-related forms. The conclusion fromthe results of this study is Phyllanthus niruri L as an immunomodulator for Covid-19.
Characterization of Aflatoxin B1 Biomarkers as Preference for Antitoxin Candidates for Biosensors for Halal Food Supply Mohammad Sukmanadi1 , Retno Sri Wahjuni 2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12096

Abstract

The fungus grows on various types of food and feed, its growth will cause damage, including damage toflavor, color, softening, and the formation of toxic compounds. The damage is because the fungus producesextracellular enzymes that break down certain compounds in food and feed, and produce toxic secondarymetabolites, called mycotoxins. Fungal contamination requires serious attention, not only because it causesdamage to food and feed but is related to the potential of the fungus to produce mycotoxins and formconidia that are pathogenic or allergic, mycotoxins produced by various types of fungi, each of which hasvarying toxicity, in general chronic causes mycotoxicity. Mycotoxins have caused several types of diseasesin humans and animals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potential toxin as a hepatocarcinogen. Eating foods taintedwith AFB1 can cause acute (short term) and chronic (moderate or long term) poisoning; chronic disorderssuch as disorders of the central nervous system, cardiovascular and lung systems, and digestive tract. Somemycotoxins are carcinogenic, estrogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive. The purpose ofthis study is the characterization of Aflatoxin B1 Biomarkers as Preference for Antitoxin Candidates forBiosensors for Halal Food Supply. The method of this research is AFB1 induction in mice, observed for 14days, on the 14th day liver organs were taken. The liver is prepared into organ extracts, analyzed using IHC.From the research results obtained protein expression in the liver organs of experimental animals by the IHCmethod. Further research is needed as an antitoxin and biosensor.
Testing the New Parameters affecting The Outcome of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy for Upper Ureteric Stones Mohammed B. Ismail1 , Hasanain F. Hasan Al-Timimi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12097

Abstract

Background: Extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is widely used in treating patients with ureteralstones because it is effective, safe, and noninvasive. Based on factors such as size and the location of stones,there is a significant variation in the overall stone-free rate (SFR).Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of ureteral wall thickness (UWT), stone attenuation, the time fromfirst attack of pain till first session of ESWL and stone/ rib density on the outcome of SWL in the treatmentof upper ureteral stones (UUS).Patient and methods: A prospective study when 127 patients with radio-opaque UUS ranging from 7 to 20mm and treated by ESWL were included in this study. The effect of (stone/ 12th rib) density by KUB, ureteralwall thickness by NCCT and the time from first attack of pain till first ESWL session was studied.Results: The overall successful fragmentation was 75.5%, with the overall success rates in the low density(LD) and high density (HD) groups were 83.8% and 52.94%, respectively. The average number of SWLsessions needed in the two groups for success was 1.9 compared with 2.7 sessions (p<0.05). For stones <10 mm; those with ureteral wall thickness <3.25 mm have success rate about 90.3% VS 69.7% with uretericwall thickness > 3.25 mm which is highly significant. Early ESWL within the first 24 hours of acute attackof first pain has successful fragmentation of 85.45%. With significant effect on number of ESWL sessions.The stone free rate reaches 91.1% for stones <10 mm.Conclusions: The stone free rate is inversely affected by stone /12th rib density ; ureteral wall thickness andthe time from first attack of pain till first session of ESWL, were important predictors of successful ESWL.
Infection Control During COVID – 19 (Corona Virus) N. Aravindha Babu, E.P. Sridevi Anjuga2 , E.Rajesh3 , N.Anitha3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12114

Abstract

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a global pandemic, with its early rootsfrom Wuhan city in China. Many warring nations have placed forward maximum precautionary steps andtools to reduce transmission and decrease fatality rates. Infection control measures are required to preventthe infection and to avoid further spread of the virus and to help control the infection. Restrictive steps suchas social distancing, lockdown, case identification, isolation, contact tracing and quarantine of exposed hadidentified the most effective efforts to monitor the spread of the disease.The risk of cross-infection betweenpatients and dental practitioners may be high due to the characteristics of the dental settings. Strict andreliable guidelines on the prevention of infections are urgently needed for dental practices and hospitals inareas (potentially) affected by COVID-19. This article provides a detailed overview of general and relevantpreventive interventions, methods and prevention of infections in the healthcare and public settings.
Changes of Anterior Chamber Biometry and Relationship to Intraocular Pressure Changes after Phacoemulsification Emulsification Surgery in Non-Glaucomatous Eyes Mohammed Qasim Al Nuwaini1 ; Giyathaldeen T. Neameh1 ; Farook M. Albusultan1 , Alyaa Abood Kareem2 ,
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12115

Abstract

Fifty percent of blindness worldwide is attributed to cataract, and cataract surgery is the most commonsurgery performed by ophthalmologist. Cataract surgery has its effects on the structures of the anteriorsegment, and hence the aqueous humor outflow, these may include more space in anterior chamber, widerangles, as the thick aging lens would be replaced by the thinner intraocular lens. So this study to investigatethe changes in anterior segment parameters and its correlation to IOP changes after phacoemulsification.A prospective Cohert study that was done at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital for patients plannedto have phacoemulsification, for 55 patients during 8 months, from the 1st of July/2018 until the 28th ofFebruary/2019. The data included full preoperative and postoperative assessment, key parameters were:axial length measurement, intraocular lens, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, anteriorchamber angle for the four quadrants and their mean value was calculated. It was done before the operationsand after two months from the operation. Findings were the mean age of the study group was 56.9years,with 30 (54.5%) males and 29 (52.7%) right eyes,. The mean axial length was 23.12±1.11 mm. There werestatistically significant differences in preoperative compared to postoperative values of IOP (decreased by4.55 mmHg), anterior chamber depth (increased by 0.74 mm), volume (increased by 32.75 µl), and meanangle (increased by11.78 degree) maximum inferiorly (12.31 degree) and minimum superiorly. There wereno statistically significant correlation between IOP changes with anterior chamber depth, volume, or angles,but there was a statistically significant correlation with preoperative IOP .Conclusions cataract surgerysignificantly decreases the IOP, and increase anterior chamber depth, volume, and angle. The decrease in IOPdoes not correlate with anterior chamber depth, volume, and angle. The decrease in IOP was significantlyhigher in patients with higher preoperative values of IOP.
Bacterial Contamination between Computers in Computer Labs Morooj Ali Fahad1 , Muna Hameed Ahmed2 , Shahad Nazar Mustafa1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12116

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the role of computers in transmitting bacterial infections to users ofthese devices. The bacteria on the surface of computers (mouse and keyboard) were isolated to identify theirgenotypes and their effects on the health of their users. The study sample included 100 samples divided asfollows: 10 computers for each section of the Technical Institute in Baquba. Wipes grew on the followingcircles: Macconkey agar, Nutrient agar, Blood agar for its study and recognition of its shape and was dyedwith chrom. The most common species in the studied samples were Staphylococcus spp. The prevalence ofGram-positive spherical bacteria on the surface of computers (mouse and keyboard) was higher than thatof Bacillus and Gram negative bacteria. (192) isolates of computers and the percentage of contamination ofthe computer keyboard higher than the percentage of contamination of the mouse as the number of isolatesof the phenomenon of swabs taken from the keyboard (117) and the proportion of about (60.9%) while thenumber of isolates visible from swabs taken from the mouse (75%). The percentage of bacteria found onthe surface of the keyboard is more numerous than the bacteria on the mouse surface. The results of theantibiotic sensitivity test showed that all of these species were sensitive to antibiotics but to varying degrees.
Allele Frequencies of 13 Chromosome X STR in Arab Iraqi Population Mostafa M. Abdrazik 1,2, Marrib N. Rasheed 1 , Mohammed Mashni Farhan2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12117

Abstract

Short tandem repeat (STR) markers are highly being used for identification of human being in addition topaternity and other forensic cases.The X-chromosome STR (X-STR) markers are a powerful supplementarysystem particularly in deficiency paternity analysis. Several X-linked microsatellites have been assessed butmore studies are necessary to verify the population statistics. In our study, we report allele frequencies of 13X-linked microsatellites (DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS8377, HPRTB, GATA172DO5, DXS7423, DXS6809,DXS7132, DXS101, DXS6789, DXS9902, DXS6807, and DXS7424) in the Iraqi arab population. fiftyBlood samples were collected from healthy unrelated males. A total number of alleles were detected for forall 13 X-STR loci were ( 83 ) and the related frequencies ranging from 0.0200 to 0.5000. Heterozygosityranged from 0.652 to 0.858. Large values were observed, at least 0.999999994, in combined powers ofdiscrimination. The results powerfully suggest that all the X-linked microsatellites defined here can possiblysupport the autosomal systems that used in parentage analysis and different forensic case work.
The Biophysical Efficacy of Smart Phones on the Eyes of Children from 3-12 Years Munther Sameen Shuker1, Zina Tariq Ali2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12118

Abstract

The modern day electronic gadget like laptops, smart phones (which offers advanced Technologies’ withfunctionality similar as a personal computer), TV, computer games that held by hand, … etc. that completelyinfluence the vision, a books or a newspaper that read is healthier than reading taken away the electronicdevices due to the printing materials are typically great in divergence while the electronic screen contentmentapproach with drop contrast and thus needs further optical focus as well as added strain to the eye. In thecurrent study , we assess the biophysical effectiveness of mobile phone on children up to 12 years, thecurrent study was enrolled fifty (50) children, the information were taken as (age, gender, time of usingmobile phone in hours, at which time the child use mobile phone day or night, visual acuity, family history,symptoms). Many optical devices used to obtain precise measurements from the patients which included(Snellen chart, autorefractometer, retinoscope, trial case, E card test, finger cube test, hand card test, catforddrum test, Sheridan gardiner test and prism bar).After conducting the necessary statistical methods and tests, it revealed that the most factor has more effectis the number of hours of using mobile phone devices and the children between (6-8) years were the mostused mobile phone devices.
The Effect of 2-Thioxo Imidazolidin-4-Ones (2- Thiohydantion) on Anticancer Activity: An in Vitro Study Mutashar Jiheel1 , Aseel Al –Rekaabi2 , Nasser Alqurashy1 , Mahdi Al – Deresawi1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12119

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Cancer is one of the most common factors of death in society today. Despitemuch research into cancer and its treatment, it is still one of the greatest health problems. The biggestobstacle to cancer treatment is that they are inherently resistant to chemotherapy or become drug resistantduring treatment. For this reason, researchers around the world have made great efforts to identify newnatural or synthetic compounds with anticancer properties. So the aim of this study is to find out the effectof 2-Thioxo imidazolidin-4-ones (2-Thiohydantion) on anticancer activity.Materials and Methods: Imidazoles are compounds that have antibacterial, antifungal and antitumorproperties in many studies. Through the results of this study, we discovered effectiveness of the newcompound of 2-Thioxo imidazolidin-4-ones (2 Thiohydantion) as an anticancer agent against a cell line thatis a cancer model system. To determine the IC50 of this compound, we treated the cancer cells by differentconcentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 80 and 160 ?g / ml) and then the cells were evaluated by MTT assay after 24and 48 hour intervals.Results: After preparing the required compound, MTT assay showed that the IC50 of 2-Thioxo imidazolidin4-ones (2-Thiohydantion) compound on MCF7 cells, 135 and 40 ?g / ml, respectively, after 24 and 48 h,respectively. In addition, the toxicity of these compounds on normal cells was evaluated, which is verydifferent from their toxicity for cancer cells, and this is a very important feature. 2-Thioxo imidazolidin-4-ones (2-Thiohydantion) has the ability to stimulate cell death in cancer cells, and these results provide newinsights into the use of these compounds in cancer treatment.Conclusion: So 2-Thioxo imidazolidin-4-ones (2-Thiohydantion) at different concentrations significantlyreduced the growth of cancer cells compared to the control group (50% inhibition of cell growth). Futurestudies will need to investigate the mechanism of this cytotoxicity as well as the possible anticancereffectiveness of this compound in vitro and in vivo.

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