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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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A Complex of Risk Factors for Developing Dependence on the Combined Abuse of Hashish and Tramadol Inara Khayredinova1, Zarifjon Ashurov2, Indira Giyazitdinova3, Mark Agranovsky4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12853

Abstract

Introduction: The study of a set of risk factors for a social-premorbid narcological personality dependenton the combined abuse of hash and tramadol.Materials and Method: 129 male patients were examined, which were divided into three groups. Group I(main) -41% of patients (n = 53) with a combined abuse of hashish and tramadol, Group II (1 control) -34%of patients (n = 44) with addiction from opiates abusing tramadol without a doctor’s prescription, groupIII (2 control) - 24.8% of patients (n = 32) with a cannabis addiction F12.2. The influence of biological,socio-psychological and personality risk factors on the development of the formation of premorbid-socialnarcological personality was analyzed. To identify the strength of the relationship between exposure to thefactor and the disease, the relative risk (RR) was calculated.Results: An analysis showed a combination of factors of involvement in psychoactive substances: thepresence of a family history of hereditary alcoholism and drug addiction in relatives of -62.3% (P <0.001 andP <0.001), transferred craniocerebral loss of consciousness injuries-39.6% (P <0.05), inferior family-73.6%(P <0.01; P <0.01), single child-50.9% (P <0, 05; P <0.05) or senior - 41.5% (P <0.05), unstable personalitytype - 50.9% (p <0.05, p <0.001).Conclusion: The analysis of premorbid-social indicators revealed a relative risk of the formation of anarcological personality and thereby determined a new set of factors for which an algorithm of primaryprevention measures was developed.
Obtaining and Studying Technology of Dry Substance Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by “Green Synthesis” Method Using Scutellaria Iscandaria L. Iroda B. Shermatova1, Mokhigul G. Ismailova2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12854

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the method of “Green Synthesis” using extracts of ScutellariaIscandaria L. The “Green” pathway for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been described using anaqueous extract of the plant Common Skullcap as a reducing and stabilizing agent. A dry powder of silvernanoparticles was obtained from the Synthesized Suspension. The role of Luteolin flavonoid contained inScutellaria Iscandaria L. extract in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles as a reducing and stabilizing agentis shown, the possible mechanism of nanoparticle formation is given. The synthesized silver nanoparticleshave been studied by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and high-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC). The size and shape of the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by the AtomicForce Microscopy (AFM) method. The antimicrobial activity of dry powder and aqueous suspension withsilver nanoparticles was also studied at the Strains Test: St.aureusATCC 25923, B.subtilis ATCC 6633,Candida alb. 885-653.
Assessment of Informativity of Dopplerographic Determination of the Ankle-Brachial Index Aytimova G.Y.1, Rozikhodjaeva G.A.2, Matrizaeva G.Dj.3, Yakubova A.B.4, Rakhmanova N.Kh.5
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12855

Abstract

The modern concept of the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease is one of the urgent problems of modernmedicine. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a pathology characterized by the formation of plaques in theperipheral arteries. As reported at the Scientific Session soft the American Heart Association in 2007, theprevalence of asymptomatic PAD in adults in the United States was constantly increasing, and now it isfound in almost 5% of adults aged 40 years and older. In addition, PAD is an indicator of the condition of thearteries and its presence is associated with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
Significance, Effectiveness and Prospects of Development of Enzyme Preparations in Modern Pharmaceutical Practice U.M. Tillaeva1, D.T. Gaibnazarova2, F.S. Jalilov3, B.Sh. Abdullaev4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12856

Abstract

This article presents topical issues devoted to the study and prospects for the development of enzymepreparations in modern pharmaceutical practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the context of existingresources, the rational use of high-quality, effective, safe medicines and the creation of new ones bycombining local raw materials with an innovative approach is a priority. The expediency of combinations ofdrugs useful for medical practice for effort or combination of effects is noted.In medicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat rheumatoidarthritis and other inflammatory diseases. NSAIDs are the basic drugs in the pharmacotherapy of manychronic, acute diseases, normalizing biochemical parameters and the functional state of blood cells. Thesedrugs are taken over-the-counter and for a long time, and therefore resolving issues, related to the safety oftheir use, the search for a combination is relevant. Currently, domestic developments of NSAIDs (fensulkal,blizketazin) are being carried out by combining enzymes (to enhance the effect) and in justified rectal andtransfermal medicinal forms. Many diseases are associated with impaired secondary enzyme deficiency.Clinical studies confirm the high effectiveness of the combination of NSAIDs with enzyme preparations. Theclassification of proteolytic enzymes, the importance, scale and resources of the prevalence of plant enzymesin the Republic are presented. Of particular interest is the papaya (melon tree). Papain and chymopapain arelatex enzymes of the fruits of the melon tree.
Comparative Analysis of the Spectrophotometric and HPLC Method for Quantitative Determination of Fensulkal in a Substance Umida M. Tillaeva1, Gulnora U. Tillaeva2, Dilafruz B. Kasimova3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12858

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) areeffective in treating pathologies accompanied by inflammatory and painful processes of various etiologies.More than thirty million people in the world receive NSAIDs daily, with 40% of these patients over 60 yearsof age, and about 20% of inpatients.The development vector of pharmaceutical industry in the years of independence is aimed at developing andintroducing import substitution drugs produced in our country.
Technologies for Producing Capsules “Yuyuzin” Zilola Vakhobdjonovna Turdieva1, Manzura Tokhirovna Mullajonova2, Umarkhon Mukhtorovich Azizov3, Dil
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12859

Abstract

Hypertension is a disease whose main symptom is an increase in blood pressure due to neuro-functionaldisorders of vascular tone. Hypertension affects men and women equally. The disease usually begins afterthe age of 40. This is a very common pathology. It is called the disease of the fall of life, although in recentdecades hypertension has become much younger.Capsule,substance, extract, calcium Hypertension is one of the causes of disability and mortality in patientswith disorders of the cardiovascular system.One of the causes of hypertension is prolonged and frequent neuropsychological stress, prolonged stress.Hypertension very often occurs in people whose work is associated with constant emotional stress. Peoplewho have suffered a concussion often suffer from it.The paper presents the results of the development of the optimal composition and hard gelatin capsules basedon the dry extract of Jujube fruit - Ziziphusjujuba (jujube, jilanjija). The formulation and technology of thesingle - source pharmaceutical product in the form of capsules “Yuyuzin” with antihypotensive activity wasdeveloped. As excipients used MCC, Aerosil, calcium stearate.
Adaptive Capabilities of Underweight Newborns and Development Features in their First Year of Life Kh. Akramova1, A. Djalilov2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12860

Abstract

Introduction: The issue of caring underweight infants is vital today because of the relatively high mortalityrate. The perinatal death in full-term babies born with low birth weight is 3–8 times higher than in childrenwith normal weight and takes the second place in the structure of perinatal mortality after prematurity.Moreover, the lack of a well-established concept for the management of such children in the first year oflife in the literature, make us to conduct additional studies in this sphere. In order to evaluate the adaptivecapabilities of children and monitor their physical development, growth curves and development of childrenchecked according to WHO standards.Method: 281 newborns and 272 mothers were examined. Newborns were divided into 2 groups: group1-83 premature infants with low body weight; group 2-103 full-term newborns with low body weight. Thecontrol group consisted of 95 full-term newborns. Quantitative determination of human placental growthfactor (PlGF) was performed based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis andstatistical processing of the gained data were calculated on MS Excel - XP software and statistical analysisof the results was carried out using method of variation statistics.Results. 83 mothers had babies born prematurely with low body weight relative to gestational age (group 1);in 102 mothers - full-term, but with low body weight (group 2). The control group consisted of 87 womenwhose newborns were born on time (38.4 ± 6.3 weeks) and body weight corresponded to gestational age.A high risk of birth with low body weight in pregnant women was observed with signs of fetal growthretardation by ultrasound examination (OR = 11.58), with anemia (OR = 8.17), other malnutrition (OR =5.75), placental insufficiency (OR = 5.46). Signs of perinatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemia of the 2nd degreewere noted in groups 1 and 2, respectively, in 73.5% and 66.0% of children.Conclusion: Pregnant women who have proteinuria and preeclampsia are 3 times more likely to havebabies with low body weight compared to pregnant women with normal renal function and blood pressure.Underweight preterm infants are born in severe asphyxia, with a severe degree of RDS, severe disordersof the central nervous system; they require primary resuscitation measures more often, longer antibacterialtherapy.
The First 5 Years Characteristics of Growth and Development of Children Residing in the Regions of Uzbekistan Dilfuza Ashurova1, O. Tursunova2, N. Nurmatova3, G. Yusupova4, B. Sharapov5
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12861

Abstract

Introduction: Nutritional issues in children are associated with a complex of factors. Early assistance to thechild is feasible with the on time detection of developing deviations in the health, growth and development.The actual tasks were to determine the level of growth and development of children in the regions of theRepublic of Uzbekistan, assess the effectiveness of programs implemented in the country to improvenutrition and prevent micronutrient deficiency based on the application of new standards for the growth anddevelopment of children, as well as develop relevant proposals and recommendations.Materials and Method: 3969 children under 5 years old living in 6 regions of Uzbekistan were observed.In order to monitor the growth and development of children, anthropometric measurements were carried outin the following periods: the first measurements - at birth, the second and third - at the age of 15 days and1 month, then monthly until the expiration of 12 months, 1 time in 3 months - between 12 and 36 months,every 6 months - between 36 and 60 months and then annually. An immunological study was conducted aswell for children with malnutrition.Results: The percentage of BF in the city of Tashkent was 78.6%, Tashkent region - 66.4%, Khorezm region- 67.3%, Fergana region - 85.7%, Bukhara region - 72.2% and the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 89.0 %Based on those results, it can be stated that in the region where the percentage of IHV was lower (Tashkentand Khorezm regions), the percentage of children with low body weight is greater. By the end of 2012 andthe beginning of 2013, the percentage of children of the first 6 months of life with reduced weight decreasedin all regions. The dynamics of reduced weight by the end of 2012 among children aged 6-12 months waspositiveConclusion: Anthropometric indicators in children of the first 5 years of life, regardless of gender, inalmost all studied regions in terms of body weight and body length/height in most cases were same level. Inchildren under 5 years old, low body weight relative to age prevailed among the forms of impaired physicaldevelopment and nutrition in all regions.
Age-Related Features of Mast Cell Reactivity in Allergies Sattar Begmanov1, Y. Zokirov1, N. Abidova1, G. Khakimova1, Z. Shakhobutdinov1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12862

Abstract

Introduction: During last few years, a novel scientific sphere has developed and is successfully growing,associated with the study of age-related changes in immune and allergic reactions at the cellular level.Although there is a fact that mast cells are the subject of many researches, many aspects of their physiologyand pathology remain unsolved. Moreover, clarification in the age-related features of mast cell reactivitymakes a great contribution to the expansion of our view of point on the characteristics of the clinic, etiologyand pathogenesis of allergies in ontogenesis.Materials and Method: We used 443 guinea pigs of both sexes of different ages, previously experienced 10-14 day-quarantine control under conditions of vivariums. Animals were constantly monitored, body weightwas periodically determined, and rectal temperature was measured. Sensitization and anaphylactic reactionswere reproduced by conventional method. Normal horse serum was used as an allergen. The resolving doseof a specific allergen was administered once intravenously or intraperitoneally 14-16 days after the startof the first sensitizing dose of the allergen. Collected digital data processed on electronic microcalculatorRokwell international Model 44 (USA).Results: With age, the rate of filling mast cells with granules increases. In guinea pigs of an older age, ascompared to newborns, the rates of filling mast cells with granules are 1.3-2.2 times greater (p <0.05), whichis consistent with the literature. Spontaneous mast cell degranulation was observed in intact animals. Theirfrequency ranged from 5.4 to 8.6% and, in principle, did not depend on age. A comparative analysis of thefrequency of degranulation, depending on age, showed that the frequency of degranulation in sensitizednewborns is slightly lower than in older animals. However, with age in sensitized guinea pigs, the frequencyof degranulated mast cell forms increased and the mast cell reactivity in one month aged pigs becameapproximately the same as in mature animals.Conclusion: In general, the functional activity of mast cells increases with age, and by the age of one monthreaches the level of functional activity. In the development of specific therapy, a decrease in the titer ofhomocytotropic antibodies and the percentage of mast cell degranulation is vital.
Correlation of the Main Parametres of Immun Systeminchildren with Localized Scleroderma by the Stages of the Disease Mun Andrey1, Abdushukur Mannanov2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12863

Abstract

Introduction: In spite of significant development in modern medicine, the tendency of increase in thenumber of patients with localized scleroderma (LS) remaining actual with more severe clinical courses.Therefore, LS remains as one of the urgent problems of healthcare system. The etiology and pathogenesisof the disease is still unclear. Yet, LS frequently associates with deep and wide immune disorders andsubsequent complications.Materials and Method: We studied 45 children with LS, of whom 25 patients had a linear form, 16 hadplaque form, Pazini-Pieriniatrophodermia – in 2 participants, scleroatrophic lichen in 2. The control groupincluded 30 conditionally healthy children. We conducted monitoring of the cellular immunity system withimmunophenotyping using specific monoclonal antibodies to surface molecules CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16,CD20, CD25, CD54, CD95. Determination of the main classes of immunoglobulins in serum - IgG, IgA,IgM was also carried out.Results: There was a significant decrease in the number of T-helpers - CD4: at the stage of erythema andedema by 1.3 times, with sclerotic and atrophic - by 1.2 times. The content of cytotoxic CD8-lymphocytessignificantly decreased at the stages of erythema, edema and sclerotic on average by 19.4%. As a result ofmore significant inhibition of CD8, the CD4/CD8 ratio became larger (by 24%, 25%, and 11%, respectively,at the stage of erythema, sclerosis, and atrophy) than in the group of conditionally healthy patients. Patientswith LS, a statistically significant decrease in the serum percentage of total T-lymphocytes - CD3, and at thestage of erythema and atrophic edema it was 11.4%, and at the stage compaction - 6.3% compared with theparameters of control group.Conclusion: According to the level of inflammatory process with LS, immune dysfunctions are associatedwith a decline in the total amount of blood lymphocytes, namely CD4 T-helper cells and CD8 T-suppressors,CD54 endotheliocyte adhesion molecule, especially in the stages of erythema and edema or sclerosis.Learning these parameters may help to assess the immunological changes, and can be informative for thedetermination of the course, prognosis and further treatment.

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