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Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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The Role of Legal Sociology in Terms of Covid-19: Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in Indonesia Rahayu Hartini1 , Yusufa Ibnu Sina Setiawan2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13613

Abstract

The study of legal sociology is a study that has legal phenomena, but uses social science and sociologytheory. The role of Legal sociology is so tight when juxtaposed with a problem that is emerging, namelythe global pandemic Coronavirus Disease (Covid)-19. The juridical normative research with a method ofapproach to the law, conceptual and comparative. Legal materials that have been collected are analyzed bycontent analysis. Some affected countries that successfully handled the COVID-19 pandemic, including:South Korea, New Zealand, Singapore. Italy and United States containment strategy for handling Covid-19are contradictory from those countries above. PSBB has been applied in Indonesia and other countries. ThePSBB must be accompanied by other programs so that the government can successfully handle COVID-19..PSBB does not guarantee that the community will obey the regulation. The most effective action with allthe consequences is regional quarantine or lockdown accompanied by other supporting programs from thegovernment.
Factors affecting The Occurrence of Tuberculosis Destroyed Lung Retno Ariza Soeprihatini Soemarwoto1,2, Anse Diana Mesah3 , Hetti Rusmini2 , Muhammad Arlek4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13614

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) disease remains a public health. In recent years, the prevalenceof TB has increase. Dangerous complication of Pulmonary TB can destroy lungs. In 83.3% cases ofdestroyed lung, the patient are found to have a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Objective: The aimedof this study was to identify factors affecting the occurrence of Tuberculosis Destroyed Lung in LampungProvince, Indonesia in 2017. Method: This study is an analytic observation with a case control design. Thesample were obtained through total sampling. Primary and secondary data were obtained from interviewand medical records. The samples were taken from 64 patients in several hospitals in Lampung, Indonesia.Results: The results showed the relationship between age with destroyed lung (p = 0.897), gender withdestroyed lung (p = 0.511), education level with destroyed lung (p = 0.754), occupation with destroyed lung(p = 0.060), income with destroyed lung (p = 0.482), cigarette smoking with destroyed lung (p = 0.013),and the presence of multiple diseases with destroyed lung (p = 0.748). Conclusions: There is a significantrelationship between Cigarette Smoking to the incidence of destroyed lung.
Health Rights for Indonesian Migrant Workers in Malaysia: A Legal Perspective 1 Rizka Rizka, 2 Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho, 3 Arief Budiono, 4 Wafda Vivid Izziyana, 5 Ayesha Hend
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13615

Abstract

Work is an application of the human beings’ responsibility in existing. The type of work may be chosenfreely whether it is within the country or abroad. This is a normative law research which is supported byempirical study. The normative law study is used to analyze the constitutional regulations regarding thehealth rights of the Indonesian migrant workers. Meanwhile, the empiric law study is used to analyze theimplementation of the regulations. The health right implementation of the Indonesian migrant workers inMalaysia is applies through health insurances based on the sosco regulations. The payment of the healthrights for the Indonesian migrant workers is the responsibility of the employer. The research results showthat in the aspect of health, the work agreements do not go according to the contract. The health securityof the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia is still not effective as it only covers accidents within theworking hours.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Neuroimaging of Cerebral Palsy with and without Epilepsy in Children Rizka Yulianti1 , Prastiya Indra Gunawan2, Darto Saharso3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13616

Abstract

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the main causes of limited activity in children. The prevalenceof CP ranges from 2.6 to 2.9 per 1000 live births. Most of children with CP have at least one comorbid,including epilepsy. Epilepsy in CP is difficult to control, and can increase the severity of motor impairmentand cognitive function, therefore the prognosis is poor. The incidence of epilepsy in CP is associated witha specific clinical profile. This study aimed to analyze the comparison of clinical characteristics of cerebralpalsy in children with and without epilepsy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical record of children with cerebral palsy inpediatric neurology outpatient clinic in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in March - May 2020. Childrenwith CP who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The variables studied included sex,perinatal history (preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal asphyxia), neonatal seizures, spastic type,level of GMFCS, head circumference, neuroimaging features, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities. Thestudy subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of children with CP and epilepsy. Group 2consisted of children with CP without epilepsy. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test andfisher’s exact test using SPSS.Result: Significant comparison of the characteristics were found in the history of neonatal seizures andthe level of GMFCS. The percentage of neonatal seizures was higher in group 1 at 61.3% (p=0.049). Thedegree of GMFCS in group 1 was dominated by GMFCS III while in group 2 it was dominated by GMFCSIV (p=0.047). Subjects with GMFCS I and II levels were only found in group 2, while in group 1 withhigher level of GMFCS, they were GMFCS III, IV, and V. More abnormal neuroimaging was found ingroup 1, namely 64.3%, while in group 2 it was 57.1%. There was no statistically significant difference ofneuroimaging characteristics between the two groups (p= 0.911).Conclusion: There were differences in clinical characteristics associated with neonatal seizures and GMFCSbetween CP with and without epilepsy.
Association of rs865429 C/T polymorphism in SOST gene with Coronary Heart Disease in Iraqi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Ruaa Ali Mohammed Ali1 , Rasha Shaker Nima2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13617

Abstract

Sclerostin, encoded by the SOST gene, It has also been shown that sclerostin is expressed in aortic VSMC(vascular smooth muscle) and upregulation of SOST gene has inhibitory effects on the aortic aneurysmand atherosclerosis development. Aims: The current study aims to explore potential the associationbetween SOST gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs865429 C/T) and coronary artery diseases (CHD)in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, in addition to the effect of this SNP on the level of serumsclerostin and other glycemic parameters. Material and methods: From the Iraqi population, we enrolled300 T2DM patients (150 T2DM with CHD and 150 T2DM without CHD). Serum blood glucose, seruminsulin, HbA1C, and sclerostin were estimated. Genotyping for rs865429 C/T in SOST gene was achievedby RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Results: T2DM patientshaving CT + TT genotype included in the studied were at increased risk for CHD in T2DM (odd ratio:0.4444 CI: 0.2800 to 0.7054) and related to a high serum sclerostin level in comparison with type 2 diabeticpatients with CC genotype. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic patients with T allele who have elevated plasmaconcentrations of sclerostin are at high risk for coronary artery diseases.
Knowledge of HIV Transmission and Factors Related to the Incidence of HIV/AIDS in Adolescents in Indonesia Ruri Kharisma Fitriani1 , Lutfi Agus Salim2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13618

Abstract

Adolescents are vulnerable to various health risk, especially caused by social interactions, like juveniledelinquency and drug abuse, premarital sex and unwanted pregnancy to an increased incidence of sexuallytransmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. The number of AIDS cases in students is 282 cases, morethan double prostitutes who are 137 cases. The purpose of this study is to find out how is the knowledge ofyoung people about HIV / AIDS, how HIV are transmitted and what are the factors that associated with HIVincidence in adolescents in Indonesia. This paper uses a qualitative method with literature study or libraryresearch, then data obtained is analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. HIV/AIDS can be transmittedthrough bodily fluids contact and is related to several factors such as gender, family factors, communityenvironment, technology and communication. Cooperation of all sectors, parents, social institutions, andsociety to support government programs for HIV/AIDS-free Indonesia.
Molecular& Antifungal Suceptibility Identification of Candida albicans Isolated from Samples of GIT Children with Diarrhea in Diyala Province Iraq Sabah M.Ali1 , Sarah A. Dawood2 , Luma T. Ahmed2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13619

Abstract

Diarrheal diseases in children are a major public health concern in developing countries. especially speciesof Candida, responsible for causing candidiasis infection(diarrehea), require fast and accurate identification,The correct identification of Candida species is of great importance, as it presents prognostic and therapeuticalsignificance, allowing an early and appropriate antifungical therapy. This study was conducted to investigatethe incidence of Candida albicans associated with diarrhea in childrenThis study was included isolates of Candida spp. from stool of 100 patients samples with diarrhea and100 without diarrhea evaluated in AL-Batool Teaching Hospital by phenotypic methods , antifungalsusceptibility of C. albicans and determination of the C.albicans genotypes by Nested PCR, discriminatingC. albicans from the other Candida species. The tests used for phenotypic analysis were culture in SDA andCHROMAgar™ Candida, Phenotypic tests showed green colonies in chromogenic medium, The antifungalsusceptibility results of 43 C.albicans isolates present that all of Candida isolates tested were susceptibleto Amphotericin B and fluconazole (100%), while no resistance was observed in C.albicans toCaspofunginand Micafungin.Finally, only one isolate was resistant to flucytosine . Genomic DNAs of all C. albicans isolates wereamplified by PCR to detect their genotypes using. polymerase chian reaction amplification shows fourgenotypes(A,B,Cand D).A-genotype showed 4 subtypes and most common subgenotypes(1,3,4 and 5).
Markers of Bone Turnover in the Evaluation of Diagnosis and Prognosis of Multiple Myeloma in a Sample of Iraqi Patients Sadik A. Abdullah1 , Waseem F. Al-Tameemi2, Ghassan A.A. Al-Shamma3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13620

Abstract

Subjects /This study is aimed to evaluate the bone resorption marker CTX, B-CTX, and bone formationmarker Osteocalcin in relation to the clinical presentation as well as to investigate the evidences of theosteoporotic processes by assessing osteoclast bone markers in the different stages of MM patients andcomparing these markers- in relation to standard prognostic markers in sample of MM Iraqi patients. – inaddition to interpretation of soluble CD138 in relation to prognosis.Methods/Sixty-five MM (males=41, females=24) patients distributed to different hematology centers inIraq were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.Their age range was 39-81 years, twelve of them were newlydiagnosed and the others were under treatment and distributed all on three stages from the disease accordingto the international staging system (ISS) : Group A – Stage I (n=21 patients, age mean 57.14±12.25 years),Group B – Stage II (n= 22 patients, age mean of 56.45±11.33 years), and Group C-Stage III (n=22 patients,age mean 60.59±11.55 years). Seven milliliters of venous blood samples were taken from each patient justprior to starting the chemotherapy for the measurement of blood hemoglobin (Hb), serum Creatinine, ,Calcium , Beat 2 Microglubulin Osteocalcin (OC), Total and Beta C-terminal telopeptide (CTX, BCTX),Parathyroid hormone (PTH), Syndecan-1 (CD138), and both kappa & lambda Free light chain (FLC?,FLC?).Results/Anemia was a general feature of all patients, with a gradual rise (from stage 1 to 3) in the concentrationsof creatinine and B2M P=<0.001, calcium P=0.01 and, all other studied markers CTX, BCTX, CD138,FLC? and FLC? has significant elevation in comparison among studied groups P=<0.001 with the exceptionof Osteocalcin ,which showed a general reduction.Conclusion/Multiple Myeloma patients have increased in bone remodeling throughout the disease coursewith progressive increment in relation to disease stage --. Plasma cells in MM leads to disturbance inexpression and secretion of CD138 in association with disease advancement.
Histological Effect of Androgenic Anabolic Steroids on Liver Sahar Dakhil Yonis1 , Asaad Abd Al-Hussain Mohammad Al-Shouk2 , Alaa S. Hachem3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13621

Abstract

Abstract: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) they are the synthetic type of the natural male sex hormone(testosterone), they are widespread used amongst athletes to enhance performance. Abuse of AAS is commonamongst players and it is usually accompanied by a many medically based complications. It was reportedthat hepatic problems include cholestasis, elevation of liver enzymes e.g. aminotransferases, as well as,benign hepatic adenomas, jaundice and to less extent of hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with theiruse.A total of (12) adult New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) male, aged one year was selected. 2control animals and 10 were treated with injections intramuscularly of the AAS, nandrolone decanoate(15 mg/kg) three times a week for 12 weeks. At the end of experiment the animals were sacrificed and theliver was dissected out and fixed using 10% buffered formalin-saline to prepare blocks for staining withhaematoxylin and eosin for histological examination using the light microscope.The liver of treated animals reveals that there are a mild to severe vascular congestion. There is swelling ofhepatocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Perivascular fibrosis, cellular necrosis was observed in otherslides with sinusoidal congestions and extrabiliary bile pigments deposits.The benefit of AAS comes with unwanted side effects. The total volume of the hepatocytes and sinusoidswere increased in the studied animals. The total number of hepatocytes nuclei in experimental group alsoincreased. The damage of the liver cells or at least increased permeability of the hepatocellular membranewhich is noticed in the present work could explain the increment of plasma levels of liver enzymeswhich was studied by other researchers, as they notice an elevation liver enzymes activity such as alanineaminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)..Patients and physicians must kept in mind that the sequelae of AAS abuse are life threatening. So peopleshould be aware about the complications of AAS use and a periodic examination of liver function and checkout should be done to those treated groups.
Teachers’ Attitude Toward Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at Primary Schools in AlNasiriyah City, Iraq Saja Mahdi1 , Ali Kareem Al-Juboori2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13622

Abstract

The aim of the current study is to identify teachers’ attitude about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and its relation to their demographic characteristics. A descriptive study design was carried outamong 250 teachers at primary schools in Nasiriyah city was selected by using convenience sample type.The data is collected by using Google classroom through distribution of the attitudes questionnaire toprimary school teachers which composed of 22 items. The highest percentage 36.8% of teachers at age41-50 years old, 52.8% were females, 70.8% were urban residence, 54.5% were married, 53.6% had barelysufficient income, 62.8% had bachelor graduated, 56.4% teach the classes (4-6) and 48.8% teach in maleschool. The majority 95.6% of teachers had neutral attitude toward ADHD and the grand mean was 1.93.There is significant statistical difference in teachers’ attitude with regard to their gender. Majority of teachershad neutral attitude About ADHD among children. Teachers attitudes is affected by gender. It is important toteach teachers about how to deal with child who had ADHD. Assign work that suits the student’s skill level,and give appropriate supervision to ADHD students.

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