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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Prevalence of Smoking among Iraqi Female Medical Providers in Baghdad Shawq K. Alashab1 , Alkhudhairi Jamal Mahmoud2 , Hamsa J. Mahdi3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13633

Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Healthcare providers who smoke are less likely to advise patients to quit smoking. Being a female and smoker adding more burdens on society. The obkecibe o the studu is to assess the prevalence of smoking among Iraqi female medical provider.A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytic element. Data collection was done via electronic questionnaire forms distributed online to contact list for 450 -easy to reach- female health providers (doctors, dentists, pharmacists) who work in different hospitals, PHCs and health institutes in Iraq.Nearly 15.3% of the samples were smokers, 53% of sample was 20-29 years while nearly 62% of sample was married. About two third of sample had bachelor degree (66.2) while nearly half of the sample (52.9) were doctors. Regarding the place of work about (55.6) of sample were working in hospital and the years of service were equally distributed between <5 years and >5 years. Nearly half of the sample has husbands or friends who are smokers. The smoking environment was significantly affecting the smoking status while there is no association between age, marital status, education, field of work, place of work and years of service.The percentage of female smokers among medical service providers is high, and female doctors got the highest rate. With regard to age, the age group between 20-29 was the highest among female smokers. The results also showed a higher percentage among those who work in hospitals, and the largest proportion of female smokers was among those who had spouses or friends who smoked.
Retrospective Study of Acute Pediatric Intoxication Cases by Household Products Presented to the Poison Control Center of Ain-Shams University Hospitals Sherien Salah Ghaleb1 , Lamiaa Ewis Abd Alfatah2 , Hoda Sayed Mahmoud3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13634

Abstract

Background: Acute poisoning in children is a crucial pediatric emergency and may be a worldwide problem.This study aims to acknowledge the incidence of acute poisoning by household products in children regardingdemographic factors, common clinical presentation and outcome of management.Methods: this is often a descriptive retrospective study conducted on patients admitted to the Poison ControlCentre of Ain-Shams University Hospital. The duration of the study was one year, from the beginning ofJanuary, 2016 till the top of December, 2016. the entire number of cases was 846 cases collected and analyzedregarding the demographic data, condition of poisoning, common clinical presentation, and managementplan. Data was analyzed using computer software package SPSS 15.Results: a complete of 846 cases were reviewed, the varied age groups involved ranged from but one year to18 years, with a mean age of 10.22 ± 6.83 years. Most cases were females (67 %), living in urban areas (52.4%) and therefore the majority of cases were accidental (74 %). the foremost common offending agent waspesticides (71%). Most of the patients were vitally stable on admission and therefore the commonest clinicalpresentation was gastrointestinal symptoms (31.3%). Most of cases received medical treatment within theinpatient wards (80.5%) and (96.7%) improved while (3.3 %) died.Conclusions: Acute poisoning by household products is common among adolescents and pre-school agechildren. Pesticides were liable for the bulk of cases. Supportive and symptomatic therapy is that the mainmethod for treatment.
Maternal Comorbidities Associated with Preterm Deliveries in Comparison with Full Term Delivery in Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Al Najaf City Shymaa Nema Hamed Alsaltani1 , Samer Nema Yassen Alkemawy2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13635

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth is one of the major conditions that affect on infant mortality and morbidity,many of maternal comorbidities effect on the fetus outcome, in this study we evaluate some of maternalcondition that effect on preterm birth and compare them with full term birth to know the most commonfactors associated with this condition to decrease the rate of preterm birth and reduce neonatal mortality andmorbidityMethods: A case control study was conducted at first of April to thirty of September 2018, in Al ZahraTeaching Hospital in Al Najaf City, 300 delivered pregnant women were participated divided to 100 casesas preterm delivery women and 200 controls as full term deliver women enrolled in the study, maternalcomorbidities were recorded and binary regression analysis was used for analysis of the study.Results: The study show many significant association between preterm birth and maternal risk factorsinclude, urinary tract infection (OR = 7.32), lower number of antenatal visit (OR=2.52), interval betweenpregnancy ?2 year (OR =1.973), premature rupture of membrane (or =6.55), oligohydramnios (OR =6.55),gestational diabetes (OR =3.45), abruptio placentae (OR = 5.06) and previous preterm labor (OR=3.68).Conclusion: Based on the results in the study the most determinants that affect on preterm birth were urinarytract infection, premature rupture of membrane and abruption placenta.
Factors Cause of Switching Shorter Regimen to Longer Regimen in Multidrug-Resistant/ Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Treated Patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia Soedarsono Soedarsono1,2, Tutik Kusmiati1,2, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum1 , Ariani Permatasari1 , Dwi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13636

Abstract

Background: Indonesia started to implement the Shorter Regimen (STR) since 2017, but not all of MDR/RR-TB patients were treated with STR until the end of treatment. The presence of side effects of one orseveral drugs in the STR and the resistance to fluoroquinolone and or 2nd line injection drug after startingtreatment caused a switch in regimen from STR to a longer regimen. This study was conducted to evaluatethe factors that caused switch STR to the longer regimen.Methods: This was a descriptive study in MDR/RR-TB patients who received STR from October 2017to December 2019. Patients who switch their regimen were analyzed and determine the factors cause ofswitching STR to a longer regimen.Conclusion: The major cause of switching was due to the presence of resistance to fluoroquinolone and 2ndline injection drugs and incidence of prolonged QT. A diagnostic rapid test such as the line probe assay 2ndline TB drugs is absolutely a screening tool to determine MDR-TB patients, pre-XDR-TB or XDR TB assoon as the regimen is given. Monitoring and efforts to overcome prolonged QT side effects are also neededto prevent switch regimens that can affect the patient’s psychological condition.
Novel Combination of Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri to Improve Performance of Laying Hens Infected with Escherichia coli Sri Hidanah1 , Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum1,2, Sri Chusniati3 , M. Bagus Kurniawan Saputra4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13637

Abstract

The study aims to learn the efficacy combination of Phyllanthus niruri and Androgaphis paniculata toimprove the performance of laying hens infected with Escherichia coli pathogen. Fifty laying hens of IsaBrown strain were randomly divided into 5 treatments, each treatment was divided into 10 replications(n=10). Treatment P0- (control group without infected), P0+ (hens group infected with Avian Pathogenic’sEscherichia coli without given extract), P1 (hens group infected with Avian Pathogenic’s Escherichia coliwith 10% Phyllanthus niruri extract and 30% Androgaphis paniculata), P2 (hens group infected with AvianPathogenic’s Escherichia coli with 20% Phyllanthus niruri extract and 20% Androgaphis paniculata) andP3 (hens group infected with Avian Pathogenic’s Escherichia coli with 30% Phyllanthus niruri extract and10% Androgaphis paniculata). Performances observed were feed consumption, Hen Day Production, eggsweight and feed conversion. Data analyzed by ANOVA and tested with the F test. The feed consumptionshowed in P1 was different from P3, P2, P0+ and P0-, P1 was different from P2 but not with P3, P0+, andP0- showed significantly different in each treatment. In P3 showed no differences with all treatments. Theeggs weight showed different in P0+ for all treatments, while the other treatments in P1, P2, P3 and P0-showed no differences. The feed conversion showed in P0+ was different for all treatments, while othertreatments showed no difference. P0+ treatment compared to (P0-, P1, P2) was significantly different, P0+treatment compared to P3 treatment was not significantly different, between P3 and P1 treatment was notsignificantly different, and between P1 and P2 with P0- was not significantly different, also between P3 withP2 and P0- treatments was significantly different. Supply of P. niruri extract. and A. paniculata in layinghens can improve the performance of laying hens infected with Escherichia coli pathogen.
Antibacterial Activity of Extract Ethanol Bidara Leaves (Ziziphus spina-Christi L) on Enteropathogenic coli Sri Mulyani1 , Merryana Adriani 2, Bambang Wirjatmadi2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13638

Abstract

Prokaryotic bacteria are microorganisms can beneficial as normal flora, but also can have health due todisease pathogens and is for the host. The purpose of this study is to find compounds in extract ethanolbidara leaves those compounds and activities against bacteria Enteropathogenic coli. This study shows theflavonoid compounds and tannin in extract ethanol bidara leaves (Ziziphus spina-Christi L) to minimuminhibitory zone at concentrations 50% and minimum bactericidal at concentrations 75%. The higherconcentration extract ethanol Bidara leaves the larger the drag zone produced. The research is experimentalstudy looking the extract ethanol antibacterial activity Bidara leaves with the methods in vitro test diffusion.This study found a chemical compound which is found in extract ethanol Bidara leaves (Ziziphus spinaChristi L) is flavonoid and tannin have antibacterial activity106 CFU/ml against bacteria Enteropathogeniccoli to minimum inhibitory zone at concentrations 50% and minimum bactericidal at concentrations 75%.
The Chemical and Physical Parameters as Indicator of Office Air Quality at PT X Coal Mining Company Tiara Nurhafizhah1 , Indri Hapsari Susilowati2 , Bonardo Prayogo Hasiholan3, Abdul Rohim Tulaeka4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13639

Abstract

Background: Coal still ranks the second largest source of total global energy demand, which is complementedby the high-risk nature of coal mining activity. Therefore, it is important to discuss the health issues of coalworkers. One of the risks associated with coal mining activities is poor indoor air quality (IAQ) due to thehigh concentration of airborne pollutants. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the results of air qualitymeasurements in the PT X office, and the method used was a descriptive approach with quantitative secondarydata. Furthermore, the measured variables are NO2, SO2, CO2, CO, Pb, PM10, temperature, humidity, andnoise. Conclusion: The results showed that there was an IAQ problem, namely noise, temperature, andhumidity which exceed the recommendations. Therefore, the IAQ management implemented by PT X wasstill systematically and comprehensively developing.
Deleted Trias Mahmudiono1 , Aprilia Durotun Nasikhah2 , Roy Januardi Irawan3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13640

Abstract

a
Factors that Contribute to the QTc Interval Prolongation in DR-TB Patients on STR Regimen Tutik Kusmiati1 , Ni Made Mertaniasih2 , Johanes Nugroho Eko Putranto3 , Budi Suprapti4 , Desak Putu
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13641

Abstract

Introduction: QTc interval prolongation is one of the adverse drug reaction of several drugs used in DR-TBpatients treated with STR regimen. Drug-induced QTc prolongation can predispose patient to develop lifethreatening arrhythmia, increasing hospital length of stay and mortality. This study aims to determine factorsthat contribute to QTc prolongation in DR-TB patients on STR regimen.Methods. This was an observational retrospective study using medical records of DR-TB patients whoreceived STR regimen from August 2017 to March 2019 in tertiary hospital DR Soetomo, Surabaya,Indonesia. QTc interval was calculated by Fredericia formula. The influence of risk factors (age, bodyweight (BW), Body Mass Index (BMI), gender, comorbid, potassium, sodium and QTc baseline) with QTcprolongation was analyzed using multiple regression. The relationship between Moxifloxacin dosage andQTc was analyzed using Chi-Square test.Results Out of the 113 DR-TB patients who received the STR therapy regimen, 98 patients were eligible forthis study. They consist of 62 (%) male; 36 (%) female. Thirty-five (35,7%) of them had Diabetes Mellitusas a comorbid disease. The mean age of the patients was 44±11 years, with the mean of BMI was 20.20±3.73. Potassium and Sodium levels at the baseline were 4.192 ± 0.58 and 138.05 ± 4.562 respectively. TheQTc baseline before receiving STR regimen was 431.9±30,617ms. Patients received a dose of moxifloxacin400 mg (5.1%) , 600 mg (59,2%), and 800 mg (35,7%) according to body weight. There were no correlationbetween age, BW, gender, comorbid, and sodium baseline with QTc. There were correlation betweenpotassium (p=0,001), BMI (p=0,006) and QTc baseline (p <0,001) with QTc.Conclusion QTc baseline and potassium level are factors that contribute to the prolongation of the QTcinterval.
Discordance between Genexpert, Line Probe Assay and Drug Susceptibility Test in Assessing Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Tutik Kusmiati1 , Kristin Purnama Dewi2 , Yulia Devina Suci2 , Soedarsono3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13642

Abstract

Background: Rapid molecular diagnostics have potentially revolutionized early detection of drug-resistanttuberculosis (DR-TB) in Indonesia. However, there is discordance between conventional culture usingdrug susceptibility test (DST) and rapid diagnostic tools using GeneXpert and line probe assay (LPA).This discordance result can cause confusion to clinician in determining diagnosis of DR-TB. Objective:This study aimed to identify discordance between GeneXpert, LPA, and DST. Methods: A retrospectivestudy was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collectedbased on medical record between third to fourth quarter of 2018. Rifampicin resistant-tuberculosis (RR-TB)proven by GeneXpert, were further analyzed with second-line LPA and DST. Discordance result betweenit was analyzed using McNemar. Results: Among 81 patients diagnosed with DR-TB, 59 patients RR-TBwere eligible in this study. There were 13 (22.0%) DST rifampicin result showed sensitive but resistantto GeneXpert. Among 53 samples from LPA, there were 3 (5.7%) result showed LPA fluoroquinoloneresistant but sensitive to DST ofloxacin; 10 (18.9%) result has LPA fluoroquinolone sensitive but resistantto DST ofloxacin; 2 (3.8%) has LPA second-line injectable drug (LPA SLID) resistant but sensitive to DSTkanamycin; 5(9.4%) has LPA SLID sensitive but resistant to DST kanamycin. The McNemar analysis showeddiscordance between GeneXpert and DST rifampicin was 13 (22.0%; p=0.046); LPA fluoroquinolone andDST ofloxacin was 13 (24.6%; p=0.042); LPA SLID and DST kanamycin was 7 (13.2%; p=0.183). Novariable that can be used to analyze discordance result between GeneXpert and LPA. Conclusion: Thereis significant discordance between GeneXpert and DST; LPA fluoroquinolone and DST ofloxacin, whileneither LPA SLID nor DST kanamycin shows no significant discordance.

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