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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 308   309   310   311   312 
Correlation between Women’s Attitudes and Abstain (Used/ Unused) Contraceptive Methods at Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad City Maha Khaled Rida1 , Hawraa Hussein Ghafel2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13746

Abstract

Background: family planning is a preventive service that allows married couples achieving their desirednumber of children and deciding the spacing of pregnancies according to their economic opportunities andpersonal wishes, and to ensure that the births are at appropriate intervals for the mother and child health.Objective: To find out the correlation between women attitudes and abstain and to find out the relationshipbetween demographic characteristics and obstetrical history.Methodology: A descriptive and analytic (cross sectional) study, was started at 16th September 2019 to16th September 2020, conducted at Primary Health Care Center in Baghdad City,Iraq. Non probability (apurposive sample) the study sample consist of (150) women that attending Primary Health Care Center inBaghdad City,Iraq.Results: indicates that there is significant relationship between women’s attitude and abstain of contraceptivemethods as presented by significant correlation at p-value= 0.038.Conclusions: there is significant relationship between women’s attitude and abstain of contraceptivemethods related to Iraqi social habits that make men compel women to become pregnant and have a lot ofchildren and there are other causes prevent women using contraceptive methods.Recommendation: Designing programs to educate couples about family planning and using of contraceptivebefore marriage, Empowering the role of nurse in family planning to educate the women about contraceptivemethods and how to use it and help them to choice the appropriate method, Activate the role of media inincrease awareness of families in the Iraqi society about disadvantages of unplanned pregnancies and donot using contraceptive methods on women well-being and the luxury of community, and further studies toidentifying the causes that make women do not use of contraceptive methods.
Clinical and Histopathological Study of Diclofenac SodiumAcetylsalicylic Acid Toxic Effect on Liver of Mice Rana Abdulla salih
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13747

Abstract

Both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription analgesics-antipyretics like ibuprofen which is nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have effective as well as safe use for long time. Reversible inhibitionof cyclooxygenase enzymes is the mode of action of NSAIDs over all. Use of NSAID lead to drug adversereactions such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal bleeding also effects of renal. Drug–drug interactions(DDIs) within the NSAID and a concomitant medication cause adverse drug reaction to several cases.DDIs have been reported for example, when commonly used medications as well as some antihypertensive,alcohol, aspirin, antidepressants are coadministered with NSAIDs. Dependent on total drug exposure causea continuous risk in that the potential for an ADR due to interactions pharmacologic nature. When assessingADRs potential risk is important to consideration the use of NSAID dose and duration, also the comedicationtype or class administered. The sub acute toxicity were carried out on thirty mice divided to three equallygroups (10 mice in sub group) which were dosed for two weeks daily as follows: group one (control) wasgivin distilled water, the group two was get diclofenac (voltaren) (100mg/kg B.W.) and group three wasgivin diclofenac (voltaren) with aspirin (100mg/kg B.W.) for each together. Clinical signs of toxicity appearas following: abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, anorexia, ataxia, blueness of the chest area, shortness ofbreath and Paralysis of the posterior limbs and recumbence, finally the death of mouse. Serum liver enzyme(ALT and AST) were elevated in all groups (diclofenac and diclofenac with aspirin) as compare to controlafter two weeks. Considering histopathological studies of liver tissue after two weeks of daily treatment,which showed moderated mononuclear cells infiltration in portal area around blood vessels and bile ductfor voltaren group and fatty vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatic cells, single cells necrosis and severeinflammatory cells infiltration in the capsular area for voltaren with aspirin group. We concluded thatdiclofenac and diclofenac with aspirin have toxic effect appear by clinical symptoms and damage to liver,furthermore, don’t administration of more than one NSAID at same time.
Dietary Habits of Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer at Oncology Hospitals in Baghdad City: Comparative Study Hadeel Mousa Mahalhal1 , Hawraa Hussein Ghafel2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13748

Abstract

Background: Dietary pattern explains the overall diet; the food, food groups and nutrients included; theirvariety and combination. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Many riskfactors for breast cancer contribute to personal habits, such as diet and exercise. Certain risk factors linkedto lifestyle include decisions to have children and to take medicines containing hormones.Objectives of the study : To assess women’s dietary Habits, Foods Choices, and to find out the relationbetween demographic characteristics and breast cancer.Methodology: Adescriptive and analytic study, non-probability (a purposive sample) consist of (100)women was carried out at three Oncology Hospitals in Baghdad City, Iraq.The study group consist of(100)women divided in two groups the first one include (50) women as a (study group) that attending An oncologyHospitals and the second include (50) women as a (control group) that attending the Primary Health CareCenters.Results: women in both groups are consuming red meat with low frequency and amount than normalconsumption . More than half of women with breast cancer are eating red meat one time per week (54%)while those without breast cancer are eating red meat two times per week (50%).Conclusion: women in both groups are consuming red meat with low frequency and amount than normalconsumptionRecommendation Avoid eating canned and processed red meat with preservatives and replaced it withfresh well cooked meat. Community orientation towards a healthy, balanced nutrition that contains the basicelements that the body needs without focusing on a specific food. Activation the role of media in increasethe awareness of women in the community about healthy diet. Instruct women with breast cancer to followa healthy diet guideline and avoid eating canned and processed red meat with preservatives during theirtreatment courses.
Parents’ Knowledge Concerning School Phobia of their Children in Baghdad City, Iraq Abdulmahdi A. Hasan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13749

Abstract

Background: Fear from school can also be described as any rejection by a child to join a school or to havedifficult time attending the school for a complete day by a child. Aims of the study: To describe parentsknowledge of their children with fear from school. Methodology: This study examined the analysis on thedata collected by the Ibn Alhythm primary School all through from the middle of October till the end ofJanuary 2011school year. The sample data took the form of surveys, questionnaires , and interviews by aresearcher with parents who have been analyzed to investigate the associations among variables related tofear from school behaviour. “Ibn Alhythm primary School District ‘s Special Education Department collecteddata during the 2010-2011 school year. In hopes of identifying a representative sample of the school-refusingstudents in the district, the Special Education Department sent participation requests to a random sample of40 of the 40 families described as having students who missed 18 or more days of the Ibn Alhythm primarySchool during the 2010-2011 school year. The information obtained did not include information from anystudents who were in Ibn Alhythm primary School through 1st grade or who missed fewer than 18 daysof school, the information has been analyzed through data analysis. The results: The results of the studyrevealed that the educational program had a positive impact on the knowledge of family members. Theresults of the study have demonstrated that there is a correlation between the mothers’ knowledge and theirdemographic characteristics (age of parents, educational level, occupation, residential area). In general,knowledge of parents related to fear was low. However, the parents applied preventive measure towardstheir children with fear .A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Ibn Alhythm primary school fromthe middle of October till the end of January 2011.Recommendation: Keep the sample group large. Theauthor should get a fair representation of the population in doing so. Parents having a minimum level ofexperiences at school phobia, need a specific education program and training sessions. A specific educationprogram can be designed and described to parent’s who have a minimum level of knowledge to enhancetheir level of knowledge.”
Maternal Anxiety Levels with Newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Hilla Maternity and Childbirth Hospital in AL-Hilla City Abdulmahdi A. Hasan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13751

Abstract

Aims: To comparing maternal anxiety levels for infants in the NICU and mother in the postnatal care-service(PCS) for stable newborns. Methodology This descriptive study was carried out in Al-Hilla Children’s andBirth Hospital, Al-Hilla City . The 1st 200 families, counting pregnant mother in personal care services(n=100) and pregnant women in neonatal intensive care unit (n=100), backed up by participant as ofMay , 2018. As data gathering tools, including the STAI TX-1-STAI TX-2 inventory, questionnaires wereused to detect the characteristic of mother and newborn. Results Characteristic rates of anxiety were notsubstantially different between NICU neonate mothers and PCS neonate mothers (t = 0.588, p = 0.557),while status level of anxiety varied greatly among the 2 classes (t = -5.109, p = < 0.001). Motherland anxietylevel were determined to be higher for mother whose children in the NICU compared with those of motherwhose children were on personal care-services. Conclusion It can boost anxiety and lead to mothers beinga mother to a newborn sick. During this difficult time, nursing care may rise mothers’ ability to deal with thesick stresses of the newborn
Pathological Study of Reproductive Tracts of Awassi Ewes in Fallujah, Iraq Ahmed Sami Jarad1 , Abdul Sattar Faraj Majeed2 , Qusay Mohammed Aboud2 , Mustafa Salah Hasan3, Walee
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13752

Abstract

A total of forty female genital tracts of local sheep, collected from Al-Fallujah abattoir, were utilized forthis study during the period from October 2018 to March 2019. Among these 20% of the samples werepregnant with out any abnormality, and 80% were non pregnant (55% without any problem and 25%showed abnormal macroscopically lesion. The main type of abnormalities were, ovarian adhesion, uterusunicornis, inactive ovaries, cystic ovaries, ovarian germ cell tumor and cervical tumor, metritis, salpingitisand hydrosalpinx with an incidence of 10%, 10% , 10%, 20%, 10% , 10% , 10% , 10% and 10% respectively.The histopathological study revealed that there were a histopathological changes in the previous cases, theovarian giant cell tumor reported at first in this study in Iraq
Incidence Rate and Risk Factors of Ectopic Pregnancy at Maternity Wards in Baghdad City’s Hospitals for the Year 2019 Heba Samir Naje1 , Hala Saadi Abdul Wahid 2 , Ekhlas Ali Hussein3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13753

Abstract

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a condition of immense gynecological importance, particularly in thedeveloping world, because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with it and the enormous threatto life.Objectives:To assess the incidence rate and the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy at Maternity Wards inBaghdad City’s Hospitals for the year 2019.Methods:The study included a non-probability (convenient) sample consisted of (90)pregnant woman whohave ectopic pregnancies. The study subjects are recruited from 10 teachinghospitals in Baghdad,in theirfirsttrimester of gestation age. The studydata is collected from pregnant women’ edical records in the Departmentof Statistics, data are analyzed using descriptive and inferential data analysis process.Results: the results of the current study indicate that the incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy is (2.217)per1000 of population at risk for the year 2019. Smoking is accounted as the most predominant risk factorfor ectopic pregnancy (55.6%),Most of these pregnant women are between the ages of (15-24) years old(40.0%), college graduates (26.7%), government employees (52.2%), and have a monthly income (901.000-1.200.000) ID (32.2%).Conclusion:: Incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy at the maternity wards in Baghdad City’s hospitals is(2.217) per 1000 of population at risk for the year of 2019, The incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy has notbeen affected by the risk factors of infertility, previous ectopic pregnancies, IUCD, assisted reproductivetechniques and smoking of ectopic pregnancy and the incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy has not beenaffected by pregnant demographic characteristics of age, education, occupation and monthly income.
Lip Thickness with Tongue Space Area Assessment By Cephalometric Analysis for Iraqi Adult Sample with Class II Dental and Skeletal Pattern Laith Hamood AL-Salmany1 , Zena Hekmat Altaee1 , Ahmed Jassam Al-Naqeeb 2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13754

Abstract

Background: With different skeletal classes, there may be some variability among the lip thickness andtongue space area that could be the causative factor for skeletal malrelationship so that this study was aimedto determine the tongue and the available boundary space area with lip thickness and correlate them togetherin sample with class II skeletal pattern.Methods: Seventy Iraqi adult subjects (32 males and 38 females) with cl II skeletal pattern who haveincreased over jet and ANB angle greater than four degrees. The cephalometric measurements include upperand lower lip thicknesses with height and length of tongue and position of tongue base and hyoid bonefrom the cervical line. The cephalograms were analyzed using AutoCAD program to measure demandedareas. Results: This study revealed that a significant gender difference was found between T-Area, V-TT,TH, V-FP, AH-CL, AH-FP, and upper and lower lip thickness in which higher mean value in males thanfemales. The correlation between all the measured variables of present sample with SNA, SNB and ANBangles a non-significant difference was found except for V-CL which shows significant difference. Strongcorrelation was found among the T-Area with V-TT, TH, V-FP, AH-CL, AHFP, upper lip thickness and lowerlip thickness.Conclusions: In skeletal class II, the associated cranial base angles shows independent association from theboundary soft tissues so that these variations not always contribute to be the causative factor for skeletaldisharmony
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Study of New Heterocyclic Coumarin Derivatives Muthanna S. Farhan1 , Maadh H. Ahmed1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13755

Abstract

The inflammation is one of the most central processes in animal cells defense versus certain injuries orinfections of microbes. The most essential metabolic precursor for many inflammatory pathways is PGH2(prostaglandin), which catalytic synthesis from the AA (arachidonic acid) by COX enzymes. COX can bedivided in to three isomer COX-1 has important role in many physiological function like hemostasis, plateletaggregation, and protection of gastric mucosa, COX-2 when stimulate cause formation of PGE2 excessively,with other prostaglandin then decrease the pain threshold and nerve ending sensitization, which inducepain, increase permeability of vascular and then enhance the inflammatory associated diseases pathway, andCOX-3 has special characteristic, its higher sensitivity to acetaminophen and present in brain. The NSAIDsare therapeutic agents used for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and fever, they work by decreasing theproduction of prostaglandins due to inhibiting the function of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, we havetwo types nonselective and selective COX-2 inhibitors. In order to design new agents with no or low sideeffect, the COX-2 selectivity should be increased, this achieved by design molecule structurally similar toapproved selective COX-2 inhibitors. The synthetic compound in this study contain three pharmacophores,a nucleus of coumarin and substituted oxazole moiety, separated by a hydrazonoethyl spacer, which havestructural similarity properties to selective COX-2 inhibitors.
The Sensitivity of some Types of Citrus Fruits, the role of the Propolis and the Color of Storage Bags in the Development of Green Mold Caused by Fungi Penicillium Digitatium Hiba Hashim Younes1 , Wa’ad Hamoudi Awad1 , Theyab A. F .Al- Esawee2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13756

Abstract

The results of the study indicated that green mold caused by Penicillium digitatium was noticed in all typesof citrus fruits (orange, mandarin, bitter orange, lemon). The most sensitive among these fruits was themandarin with 56.12% infection, followed by orange with 40.18%. On the other hand, the bitter orangeand the lemon showed more resistant to the disease, and the their infection percentages were (32.14% and30.55% respectively. The results indicated that the color of the bags had a great effect on the developmentof the disease where the infection percentages when using light green bags and light yellow bags were(19.68%, 17.24%) respectively. While for the dark black bags, the infection percentage was 13.73%. The useof porpolis in all concentrations (6, 8, 10, 12) g/l did not lessen the size of the infected area compared withcontaminated treatment by pathogen.

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