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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 542   543   544   545   546 
Assess Severity of Organophosphate Poisoning by Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (Pop) Scale Brinda Mevada; Sangita Parikh; Kaushika Chaudhari; Zalak Gadani; Leena Dabhi; Vikas Nayi; Rohit Zarivala
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18240

Abstract

Background: OP compound poisoning is an important indication for emergency admission in most hospitalsthroughout India. WHO estimates that approximately 3 million pesticide poisoning occur worldwide and causingmore than 2,20,000 deaths. Peradeniya Organophosphorus poisoning scale grades the severity of OP poisoningand assess the prognosis of patients. The present study aims to correlate serum cholinesterase level and theclinical criteria score described by the POP scale at initial presentation and the severity of poisoning with need forventilation and outcome.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional observational study was conducted over period from october 2017to october 2019 at tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad. Total of 75 patients were evaluated for POP scale andserum cholinesterase levels for assessment of severity of poisoning. POP scale was studied to predict the need forventilatory support, duration of hospital stay and outcome.Conclusion: In our study males were most commonly involved (61%). Most commonly affected age group wasbetween 25 to 40 years. 72% had mild, 25.33% had moderate, 2.77% had severe op poisoning according to POPscore. Respiratory failure was more common in moderate and severe op poisoning, 68.42% and 100% respectively.Prolonged icu stay(more than 5 days) was required in moderate and severe group of op posisoning, 63% and 50%respectively as compared to mild group(16.67%). 100% mortality was noted in severe group, 47.36% was noted inmoderate group.
Toxicological Analysis by Computational Assessment Tools of Herbal Medicine Compounds Urushiol II and Bhilawanol-B from Semecarpus Anacardium K. Jyothi Prasad; Sivakumar. Vulava; Vijaya Chandra Reddy Konda; K.R. Subash
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18241

Abstract

Background: Semecarpus anacardium used in many Indian folklore medicine as ‘Ballataka’ or ‘Bhilwa’. They are alsoknown to cause pathological conditions by the presence of toxic principles in nut and roots of plants and possiblepharmacokinetic and toxicological profiling of known toxic principles are explored by computational tools.Aims & Objectives: The aims of the study were to study toxicological active principle Urushiol II and Bhilawanol-Bby computational analysis and prediction tools.Materials & Methods: This study was investigated on web-based tools PubChem to extract the chemical structure,followed by authentication and validation with the chemical formula. The two-dimensional structures are furtherconverted to three-dimensional (3D) structure with ChemSketch software; the derived 3D structures are thenscreened for molecular properties followed by absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicitythrough admetSAR software. The reports are analyzed and predicted for pharmacokinetic and toxicity charactersof Urushiol II and Bhilawanol-B from S. anacardium.Results: The compounds screened Urushiol II and Bhilawanol-B from S. anacardium both had drug likeness scoreof MLOGP>4.15, the LD 50 values of urushiol II is comparatively more 4000 mg/kg/d than bhilawanol 2700mg/kg/d for rat oral route testing and positive predictive results for skin irritation and allergic dermatitis. Thegenotoxicity battery assay was negative for both Urushiol II and Bhilawanol-B.Conclusion: The computational analysis predicts the uroshiol II and bhilawanol-B present in S. anacardium belongsto class II Toxic hazard classification.
Questionnaire Based Survey on Medicolegal Autopsy among Medical Students in Sikkim Karma Mingur Diki Bhutia; Sankha Subhra Debbarma
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18242

Abstract

Background: Contemplating the curriculum of an Indian Medical Undergraduate, demonstration of autopsyis still considered to be the cornerstone in Forensic Medicine. Medicolegal autopsy has always been perceivednegatively by the public either due to their religious beliefs or due to their preconceived notions or fear. Consideringthese prejudices, a study was undertaken not only to assess the knowledge, attitude & perception of a medicalundergraduate but also to understand the reflection of these societal stigma on a medical student.Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey was done on 200 medical students pursuing medicine in SMIMS,Gangtok, Sikkim who participated voluntarily in the study wherein structured questionnaire in google form wasdistributed through google link validated through their mail i.d. & registration number.Results: Out of 191 medical students, the number of students were predominantly females with the ratio of 1:1.30(M: F). 87.96% of the students knew that the medicolegal autopsy is done in all sudden, suspicious & unexpecteddeath. 90.05% strongly affirmed that the medicolegal autopsy ascertains the cause of death. The spectrum of easewith which the students watched the autopsy was almost along the same wavelength, 27.75% students werecomfortable, 25.13% were uncomfortable, 17.80% were indifferent while 29.32% were not yet exposed (due toonline teaching). Majority of students (93.72%) are interested in watching watch more of postmortem examination.Conclusions: The attitude of the students were optimistic towards autopsy & awareness among the participantswas found to be acceptable. However, there were still a lot of grey areas that needed to be addressed.
Pattern of Injuries in Fatal Head Trauma Due to Road Traffic Accidents M. N. Rajamani Bheem Rao; A. Nirmala; R. Raguram
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18243

Abstract

Background: Head trauma is considered to be the major cause of death in road traffic accidents. According toworld health organisation, about 1.24 million deaths occur due to road traffic crashes. Particularly, the treatmentsfor head injury in the older aged people seems to be more complicated when compared to younger and middle agegroups. The aim of this study is to analyse and identify the significance and outcome of head trauma due to roadtraffic accidents of various age groups.Methods: This study was conducted on Madras Medical College, in the Department of Forensic Medicine,Chennai . a total of 200 fatal head injury case autopsies were performed. After obtaining the necessary and relevantinformation about the deceased, a thorough autopsy was performed and the findings were recorded.Result: Out of 200 cases, 83% were men and 44.5% were recorded to be between 31-50 age group. Fissure fractureof skull was found to be most prevalent (40.5%) and subdural haemorrhage was the common findings in headinjury (95%).Conclusion: The resultsof our study showed that most of the people who had accidents were pedestrian and twowheeler driving persons.
The Influence of Chest-Knee Position on the Appearance of anal Physical Findings in Comparison with other Clinical Positions during the Examination of Sexual anal Assault Victim Mohanad S. O. Jaber; Shrouq S. Al-Sabaileh
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18244

Abstract

Background: Sexual anal assault is an important and critical issue worldwide. Usually the clinical examinationreveals subtle findings to prove the incident of sexual anal assault. Thus for approaching a proper diagnosis, thevictim needs to be examined by a trained and experienced forensic physician who is officially involved in dealingwith such issues.Methods: Prospective study of 82 victims of sexual anal assault transferred by the local prosecutor to the forensicmedicine department.Results: The majority of victims were females (82%), most of them were younger than 18 years (53.8%). Thefindings obtained by other clinical positions regarding the distribution of anal cutaneous folds revealed that(82%) of victims showed normal distribution, and (18%) showed abnormal distribution of the folds. While afterchest-knee positioning (33.3%) of victims showed normal distribution of the anal cutaneous folds and (38.5%)showed abnormal distribution along with (28.2%) of victims showed absence of folds. Regarding inspection ofanal sphincter by other clinical positions; (84.6%) of victims showed normally contracted sphincter and (15.4%)showed less contractility of the sphincter, whilst by chest-knee positioning (35.9%) of victims showed normallycontracted sphincter with the majority of victims (64.1%) showed abnormal contraction. Concerning injuries in theanal region represented mainly by contusions and abrasions; they were noticed only in (12.8%) of victims by otherclinical positions, while were present in (29%) of victims examined with chest-knee position.Conclusions: During the clinical examination of victims of sexual anal assault, and in comparison with otherclinical positions used, the application of chest-knee position showed overall more conspicuous physical findings,especially regarding the distribution of anal cutaneous folds, the inspected degree of contractility of anal sphincter,and the presence of injuries in the anal region represented mainly by contusions and abrasions.
An Analysis of Firearm and Explosives Injury in Imphal: A 2 Years Autopsy Based Descriptive Study Nani Gopal Das; Thoidingjam Bijoy Singh
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18245

Abstract

Deaths due to high end machineries like guns and sophisticated explosives are on increasing trends withthroughout the world. Such deaths lead to high morbidity and mortality in the human society. The present studywas conducted to explore various socio demographic characters of victims and medicolegal aspects related tofirearm and explosive injuries death. This was a descriptive cross sectional autopsy based study of all firearmand bomb blast injury deaths brought to mortuary of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal Manipurduring the period from October 2013 to August 2015. In this study a total of 46 cases of firearm and explosivesdeath during the study period was analysed in various medico-legal aspects. Rifled firearm and bomb blast wascommonest weapon employed. Multiple injuries and head injuries were commonest cause of death. The trendsof death might help the law enforcement authorities and Government to take proactive steps to curb this menace.
Comparison of the Efficiency of GlobalfilerTM IQC PCR Amplification Kit and Powerplex® Fusion 6C System with Half-Volume Reactions for Forensic Trace DNA Testing Nattawoot Saokaew; Kewalee Junpan; Wawkan Duangshatome; Duangnate Pipatsatitpong; Ratchaneewan Aunpad
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18246

Abstract

Two major challenges in daily and routinely forensic genetics test are samples with low or very low quantitiesof DNA and high cost of processing. To overcome these obstacles, a reduction in reaction volume to half wouldoffer a substantial benefit, but even so it should provide complete genetic profiles without conceding the qualityof the results. The aim of this study is to test the robustness of two commercially available kits, GlobalFilerTMIQC PCR Amplification Kit (GF-IQC) and PowerPlex® Fusion 6C System (P-6C), with half volume reaction inaccordance with SGWDAM guidelines. GF-IQC showed minimum and stochastic threshold of 45 and 610 RFU,while P-6C demonstrated 60 and 670 RFU of those values respectively. The P-6C can tolerate to many inhibitorsincluding melanin, hematin, and humic acid. Both kits showed the same performance on case work profiling andthe sensitivity of allele detection of P-6C was not significantly different from that of GF-IQC (p=0.144). The resultsof this study demonstrated that GF-IQC and P-6C with half volume reaction can produce good quality profiles andcould be applied for forensic DNA examination.
Changing of ATP and Its Metabolites in Blood Samples for Post Mortem Interval: In Vitro Study Warangkool Chanpan; Churdsak Jaikang; Chaturong Kanchai
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18247

Abstract

Background: Postmortem interval (PMI) is an important in forensic practice. Many studies in blood and tissue ofanimals have revealed correlation between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and PMI. In this study aimed toexplore the correlation between human blood ATP and its metabolites level and PMI in vitro model.Methods: Ten milliliter of venous blood samples were collected form four healthy men and contained in EDTAtube. One milliliter of the blood sample was divided at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, respectively. The blood sampleswere extracted and measured ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) level byHigh performance liquid chromatography- diode array. Energy charge value was calculated to predict charge ofATP metabolites.Results: The blood ATP, ADP and AMP levels increased in the first hour. The blood ATP, ADP and AMP levelsdid not obviously change before 12 hour. The blood ATP level trended to decrease but the blood ADP and AMPlevels trended to increase after 24 hour. Energy Charge was not change in first 12 hour but trended to decreaseafter 24 hour.Conclusion: The blood ATP level and its metabolites changed after 12 hour and apply for the PMI investigation.
Legal Aspects of Genetically Modified Food Product Safety for Health in Indonesia Abdullah Khamdi; Dian Anggraini Wikamorys; Waty Anton; Mokhamad Khoirul Huda
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18248

Abstract

Genetic Engineering is the transplantation of one gene to another, both between genes and across genes, toproduce valuable products for living beings. The rapid growth of genetic engineering in Indonesia and GeneticallyModified (GM) food products has raised many worries and issues about these foods posing a health risk whenconsumed. Concerns about GM food products are increasing, including the possibility of allergic reactions, genetransfer, and outcrossing. Indonesia is one of the countries that has accepted the Cartagena Protocol, a securityprotocol designed to protect biodiversity from the potential risk posed by genetically modified organisms createdby contemporary biotechnology. The writer, through this study, would like to convey the extent to which theexisting regulations in Indonesia regarding GM food product safety for public health and how the government’sresponsibility in GM food product safety is for public health. As a result of this study, GM food products had beenregulated by law, and the establishment of a Biosafety Commission was one form of government responsibility forpreserving the safety of GM food products for public health.
The Expression of Neogene TIGD3 that Derived from DNA Transposons in Colorectal Cancer Cell lines Ahmed Arnaoty; Hiba. M. Ahmed; Yves Bigot; Thierry Lecomte
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18249

Abstract

DNA transposons are exposed to a molecular domestication process, which results in the formation of neogenes,which may play a role in human genetic instability. TIGD3 (Tigger-derived [TIGD] family of proteins) is one ofthese Neogene, and its role in the human genome is unknown.Aim: The expression of Neogene TIGD3 in colorectal cancer cell lines and its putative function in carcinogenesisare being investigated.Method: The protein expression of the TIGD3 gene was investigated using the western blot method in twelvecolorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116, SW48, LOVO, DLD1) that are microsatellite instable MSI, (SW480, SW620,HT29, LS123, COLO205, T84, SW403, SW1463) that are microsatellite stable MSS, and in healthy colon tissue as acontrol in our study.Results: The expression of the TIGD3 protein was found in all twelve colorectal cancer cell lines, with varyingdegrees of expression and numerous isoforms, which was not found in healthy colon tissue.Conclusion: There may be a link between colorectal cancer evolution or progression and TIGD3 gene expression.

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