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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Thiophene-Cyclic and Sulfazane Derivatives (Preparation, Spectral Analysis, the Behavior in Organic Solvents, Microbial Testing) Jalal Hasan Mohammed1, Alaa Jawad Kadhim2, Nagham Mahmood Aljamali3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3166

Abstract

The thiophene core is the most broadly applied constructing blocks to the production of many biomolecules ,pharmaceutical drugs ,vitamins ,also in industrial compounds, in dyes compounds because of its high stability in environment. Thiophene derivatives were synthesized in present study from chalcone compound as a starting material from aldol reaction in first step, followed by cyclization reactions by using various conditions, and this paper involved new reaction for diazonium salts to producing (Sulfide- azo) compounds in same bond for the first time that we termed (Sulfazane) as a first and Novel preparation to this new type of compounds.,the synthesized derivatives were confirmed through numerous spectral techniques (FT.IR ,H.NMR ,C.NMR), other physic-chemical data for synthesized thiophene derivatives ,besides to studying of behavior of compounds in organic solvents and screening tests for efficiency of thiophene derivatives against microbes
Diagnostic test of Brief Peripheral Neuropathy Screen as Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy-HIV Diagnostic Tool Joko Rudyono1, Mudjiani Basuki1, Erwin Astha Triyono2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3169

Abstract

Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated peripheral neuropathy with a prevalence of 30-67%. Brief peripheral neuropathy screen (BPNS) examination is a non-invasive, fast, cheap, easy-to-do diagnostic method, and one of the clinical tools that can be used to diagnose HIV-DSP. This study to assess the BPNS diagnostic test as a DSP diagnostic tool in HIV patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV patients that allegedly having DSP. All subjects were examined by BPNS and nerve conduction study (NCS), then the results were analyzed by chi-square test of a 2x2 Table. There were 42 subjects enrolled in this study. The mean patients were 38.88±8.62 years and most of the male patients were 24 subjects (57.14%). Most of the patients had high school education by 20 (47.61%) subjects and did not take anti-retroviral (ARV) by 18 (42.85%) subjects. Most of the research subjects conducted BPNS disturbed examination by 27 (64.28%) subjects and examination of NCS obtained positive DSP by 30 (71.4%) subjects. The obtained sensitivity of 83% BPNS, 83% specificity, 93% positive predictive value, the negative predictive value of 67%, a positive likelihood ratio of 5.00, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.20. BPNS examination with 83% sensitivity and 83% specificity can be used as a DSP diagnostic tool in HIV patients.
Relation of Homocysteine With Malondialdehyde and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Diseases Khalid Shaalan Sahab1, Ali S. Mahmoud Al-Saadi1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3173

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is one of the most common chronic disorder widely prevalent throughout the world. DM is characterized by elevation of blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Hyperglycemia, with time, led to several serious macro and mircovascular complications. The purpose of study was to investigate the relation of Homocysteine(Hcy) with oxidative stress (malondialdehyde”MDA”) and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery diseases in comparison to patients of coronary artery diseases(CAD) without DM. Methods: The present study included 60 patients of coronary artery disease. Patients divided into two groups: group1 = 30 coronary artery disease patients without diabetic and group2 = 30 coronary artery disease patients with type2 diabetes. Homocysteine was estimated by competitive ELISA test using commercially available kit. MDA was estimated by colorimetric method. Lipid profiles were determined by using commercial available kits. Results: Plasma levels of Hcy and MDA in group1 and group2 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than controls. In group1 Hcy shows significant (P<0.05) positive correlation with MDA and Total Cholesterol (TC). Hcy shows no significant (p>0.05) positive correlation with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL),and Triglyceride(TG). Hcy shows negative significant (p<0.05)correlation with high density lipoprotein( HDL). While in group2 Hcy shows significant (P<0.05) positive correlation with MDA, TC, VLDL, LDL and TG. Hcy shows negative significant (p<0.05)correlation with HDL. Hcy, MDA, TC, TG, LDL and VLDL were higher without significant in CAD diabetic patients than non-diabetic CAD patients. HDL was lower in diabetic coronary artery disease patients than non-diabetic coronary artery disease patients but without significant importance. Conclusion: In this study Hcy and MDA levels obtained were found to be positively correlated with dyslipidemia in patients in both groups. Hcy may be one of the cause for development and progress of macro- and microvascular disease. Hcy, MDA and dyslipidemia were higher in CAD with DM than CAD without DM this shows that hyperglycemia may be is another factor to increase atherosclerotic process.
Determination of Some Biomarkers that affect in Behaviors of Autism Spectrum Disorder Individuals in Iraq L. Basim M. Ali1, Iqbal Jasim Badr Alasadi1, Sameerah Ahmed Zearah1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3175

Abstract

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication by restricted and repetitive behavior.The parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child’s life. These signs often develop gradually. Blood samples were taken for 60 people with autism and 30 healthy people as a control group. Both groups ranged age from 3 to 8 years . After completion of number, required tests were carried out on samples. The tests were three biochemical markers. The first is neurotransmitters (?ABA), the other enzymes of happiness (Serotonin & Melatonin), all this biochemical markers were measured by elisa technique, the results were a decrease in level of ?ABA for ASD as compare with control group, A significant increases in serotonin in ASD. relative to control group, and no change in level of Melatonin in both ASD and healthy group these results consistent with many research and another research inconsistent with these results have shown the reasons that led to differences in results
Detection of VT1 and VT2 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from Diarrhea Patients in AL-Anbar, Iraq using PCR Sequencing Laheeb Rajab Hamad1, Muthanna Hamid Hassan2, Abdalwahab Bdewi Hussain3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3177

Abstract

Enteric-borne diarrheal illnesses are significant causes of human morbidity and mortality. Over 2 million diarrhea-related fatalities happen annually, especially among kids under the age of five. During the period extended from February 2019 to June 2019, A total of 196 stool locally specimens from diarrheal patients samples were collected from AL-Anbar city of AL-Ramadi hospital and AL-Fallujah hospital out of 196 samples diagnosis by biochemical test , morphology and selective chromogenic medium, found 80 samples of E. coli . The aim of the study detection of VT1 and VT2 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from Diarrhea patients by using PCR Sequencing. The result showed when diagnosis by PCR for Sanger Sequencing technique for VT1 and VT2 genes E. coli O157:H7,and E. coli O25b:H4 were positive for VT1gene ,and Escherichia coli O25b:H4 ,and Escherichia coli O18:H1 positive for VT2gene.
Correlation between the Duration of Ethambutol Therapy and the Toxic Optic Neuropathy Occurene in Patients with Multidrug-Ressistance Tuberculosis Muhammad Hamdan1, Eko Wahono R.1, Kurnia Kusumastuti1, Laily Irfana1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3179

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis affects one-third of the world’s population. Increasing number of tuberculosis cases also leads to the increase of anti-tuberculosis drugs use, such as ethambutol. Ethambutol is one of the most effective and rarely resistant tuberculosis drugs. Objective: To determine the relationship between duration of ethambutol therapy with toxic optic neuropathy in tuberculosis patients Method: This study enrolled MDR-TB patients who visited MDR-TB Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from July 2014 until the sufficient amount of sample was achieved. The patients enrolled are those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria consisted of MDR TB patients treated with ethambutol therapy, aged of 20-69 years old, and whose VEP examination results showed extension of P100 latency. Results: The mean of <6 month duration was 3.24±1.348, while for the ?6 months was 11.71±5.764. This difference was statistically significant with p = 0.043. Conclusion: There is a correlation between duration of ethambutol therapy with toxic optic neuropathy in patients with MDR-TB.
Macrophage Activity and Histopathological Differences of Lung Tissue on Sequential Co-infections of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus Nematode on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection Laksmi Wulandari1.2, Muhammad Amin1, Soedarto3, Gatot Soegiarto2.4, Kenji Ishiwata5
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3181

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a facultative intracellular parasite, that can be eliminated by cellular immunity played by macrophages. It has become a debate whether the co-infection of nematodes will affect the immune response of macrophages towards mycobacterium infection. Objective: To reveal macrophage activity and histopathological difference of lung tissue in sequential coinfection of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Method: This study used 49 mice divided into 7 treatment groups with Mycobacterium tuberculose infection by inhalation and Heligmosomoides polygyrus orally within 8 and 16 weeks, and observed by immunohistochemical staining. Result: Infection for 8 weeks showed polarization of macrophages towards M1 macrophage, whereas in 16 weeks, the macrophage polarization more towards M2 macrophages, supported by histopathological changes of lung tissue: peribronchiolitis, perivaskulitis, alveolitis, and granuloma formation with counts of acid-resistant germs +3. There was a difference of expression of arginase1 to each group (p <0.001) and there was a difference of T CD4+ Th1 lymphocyte (p <0.001). Conclusion: There is a difference in macrophage activity in lung tissue; however, it does not cause different levels of histopathological changes in lung tissue and does not affect the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Pneumonia in Children Under Five Years of Age at Pediatric Wards in Kirkuk Teaching Hospitals Luay Amjed Mahmood Al-Waly1, Mohammed Ahmed Sultan Al-Wily1, Radhwan Hussein Ibrahim2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3182

Abstract

The Objective: to identify the nurses’ knowledge regarding pneumonia in children under five years of age at pediatric wards in Kirkuk teaching hospitals. The Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at pediatric ward of Teaching Hospitals in Kirkuk City to Assessment of Nurses’ knowledge regarding pneumonia in children under five years of age at pediatric wards from 20 of February till 3ed of June 2019. A non- probability (purposive) sample was chosen for the current study. The sample consisted of (40) nurses working in the pediatric medical ward of selected hospital. The Result: The socio-demographic characteristic of the study presents that 62.5% of them females, 60.0 % at age (20 – 25) years old, 40.0 % graduated from college of nursing (Bachelor of Nursing) , 80.0% of them have (1-5) years of general experience. The results of the study sample presents (50.0 %) the majority of the nurses have poor knowledge in total knowledge score of pneumonia in Children under age five years. Also the mean of total knowledge score nurses in concern to protein energy malnutrition was (1.55) with standard deviation (0.714) . Shows that there were significant differences between the age and the service in the field of nursing with nurse’s knowledge but there were no significant differences between other parts of socio- demographic characteristics with nurse’s knowledge about pneumonia in children under age five years at p?0.05 value. The Recommendations: A continuous extensive special programs, training course and workshops regarding pneumonia in children under age five years should be design and implement in hospital’s departments to enhance the nurse’s knowledge in regard to this major issue.
The Effectiveness Comparison of Desloratadine and Loratadine in Reducing Total Nasal Symptom Score and the Level of Interleukin 4 in the Nasal Secretions of Allergic Rhinitis Patients Luh Putu Dhena Purwaningsih1, Dwi Reno Pawarti1, Bakti Surarso1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3183

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common atopic disease; however, the available therapy has limitation in the usage and its success rate. Desloratadine has a role as an alternative allergic rhinitis therapy to eliminate the overall symptoms of AR and reduce IL-4 level in nasal secretions. Method: This study was double-blind randomised clinical trial with pre-post test design. The data was analyzed by using independent sample t-test. There were 24 AR patients divided into 2 therapy groups which were study group (desloratadine) and control group (loratadine). The evaluation based on SGHT and IL-4 in nasal secretions was conducted pre and post 15 days of therapy. Results: The present study that was conducted on July-October 2016 showed significant difference in the average percentage of reduced TNSS in desloratadine group compared to loratadine group (p=0.000). The comparison of reduced level of IL-4 in nasal secretions between desloratadine and loratadine group was indicated insignificantly different. Conclusion: Reduced TNSS in desloratadine group was higher than in loratadine group. Also, there was no difference in decreased level of IL-4 in nasal secretions.
Prevalence of Dermatophytes Fungal Infection among Different Gender Luma T. Ahmed1, Zahraa A. Darweesh1, Wathiq M. Hussain2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3184

Abstract

The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of superficial fungal infections among the patients that were living in different circumstances in Diyala region, Iraq. From July 2018 to February 2019. There were (218) patients with ages (2-78) years were surveyed for dermatophyte fungal infections by history and clinical examination. The results revealed that ( 71.2%) of the patients were infected with skin lesions followed by scalp lesions (16.5%) and nail lesions (14.6%). The prevalence rates of dermatophyte fungal infections were linked to the types of tinea infections, including tinea corporis (17.4%), tinea pedis (13.7%), tinea capitis (16.5%), tinea ungium (14.6%), tinea cruris (17.4%), tinea faciale (3.6%). The proportion of fungal infection in rural area(63.6%) was more preponderant in comparison to urban areas (39.8%). Furthermore, the rate of percent infection by tinea capitis (66.6%), tinea corporis (60.5%), tinea cruris (57.8%), were higher in male whereas the percentage of tinea ungium (87.5%) and tinea faciale (62.5%) infections were highest in female. In addition, study demonstrated that indices of tinea infection has been significantly associated with age. This study suggested there has been an exigent need to ameliorate the edification of hygiene values of peoples in addition to increment the economic condition of the society

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