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Medical Scope Journal (MSJ)
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27153312     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35790/msj
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health
Medical Scope Journal (MSJ) diterbitkan oleh Perhimpunan Ahli Anatomi Indonesia (PAAI) Komisariat Manado bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi dua kali setahun pada bulan Juni dan Desember. Tulisan yang dimuat dapat berupa artikel telaah (review article), hasil penelitian, dan laporan kasus dalam bidang ilmu kedokteran baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun dalam bahasa Inggris.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 231 Documents
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The Importance of Preoperative Evaluation to Predict the Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrostomy Ronald J. Datu; Eko Arianto; Ari Astram; Christof Toreh
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.52858

Abstract

Abstract: Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is an invasive procedure equal to a grade 4 penetrating kidney trauma. It should be carefully considered whether has a greater benefit or risk. There are currently no parameters or scores to predict the outcome of nephrostomy in our center. This study aimed to conduct a review to find out whether there were parameters or scores that could be used to predict the outcome of nephrostomy. This research used relevant studies obtained from Clinical Key, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Dimensions, and Science Direct published in the last 10 years and written in English. Studies on children and transplant cases were excluded. Studies that met the PICO criteria were selected. The results showed that of the 141 articles collected, and filtered with inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and PICO criteria, finally the remaining were three studies selected. The studies discussed about classification, SFU grading system, and complication of nephrostomy; significant variables affecting recoverability of renal function; patients’ characteristics and outcomes of double J ureteral stenting (DJS) and PCN; and 12-month-post-operative creatinine level change. Most patients who failed DJS had increased creatinine level. However, one of the indications for a nephrostomy was stenting failure. In conclusion, predictor factors that can affect the renal recovery after nephrostomy include kidney shape and size, pre-nephrostomy creatinine levels, urine output, state of infection, and degree of hydronephrosis. However, the evidence is still not enough. Further research is needed on the predictor factors for renal recovery after nephrostomy. Keywords:  percutaneous nephrostomy; hydronephrosis; kidney function; predictors
Hubungan Jenis dan Siklus Kemoterapi dengan Derajat Neuropati pada Pasien Keganasan Harlinda Haroen; Indriaty Gimon
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53140

Abstract

Abstract: Antineoplastic chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment can cause peripheral neuropathy. Antineoplastic agents associated with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy include platinum-based drugs (carboplatin, cisplatin and oxaliplatin) and taxane (paclitaxel and docetaxel). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the type and cycle of chemotherapy with the level of neuropathy in malignant patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, in 2022. The results obtained 43 cancer patients aged 18-65 who underwent chemotherapy, especially drugs from the platinum group (81.4%) such as oxaliplatin (62.8%). The majority of cases were colorectal adenocarcinoma (63%). Using the Toronto Score, the majority of subjects experienced mild neuropathy (55.8%), followed by without neuropathy (32.5%) and moderate neuropathy (11.6%). Although there was an indication of a relationship between the type of chemotherapy and the severity of neuropathy, the results were not statistically significant (p=0.069). In conclusion, there is no relationship between the type and cycle of chemotherapy with the level of neuropathy in cancer patients. Keywords: neuropathy; chemotherapy cycles; types of chemotherapy   Abstrak: Agen kemoterapi antineoplastik dalam pengobatan kanker dapat menyebabkan neuropati perifer. Agen antineoplastik terkait neuropati perifer yang diinduksi kemoterapi termasuk obat berbasis platinum (carboplatin, cisplatin dan oxaliplatin) dan taxane (paclitaxel dan docetaxel). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan jenis dan siklus kemoterapi dengan keparahan neuropati pada pasien keganasan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada tahun 2022. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 43 pasien kanker berusia 18-65 tahun yang telah menjalani kemoterapi, khususnya obat berbasis platinum (81,4%) seperti oxaliplatin (62,8%). Jenis keganasan yang terbanyak ialah adenokarsinoma kolorektal (63%). Dengan menggunakan Skor Toronto, didapatkan mayoritas subjek mengalami neuropati ringan (55,9%) diikuti tanpa neuropati (32,5%) dan neuropati sedang (11,6%). Meski ada indikasi hubungan antara jenis kemoterapi dengan tingkat neuropati, hasilnya tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,069). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis dan siklus kemoterapi dengan tingkat neuropati pada pasien keganasan. Kata kunci: neuropati; siklus kemoterapi; jenis kemoterapi
Correlation between Doctor-Patient Communication with Patient Satisfaction and Loyalty Nancy S. Lampus; Dewi S. S. Wuisan
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53161

Abstract

Abstract: Effective communication between doctors and patients has been recognized as a key factor in influencing the patient’s experience during treatment and will affect patient loyalty. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the correlation between doctor and patient communication with patient satisfaction and loyalty, in the context of health services. This was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire as an instrument to collect data from several patients receiving outpatient treatment at the cardiovascular unit at XYZ Hospital. Data were analyzed multivariate using the PLS-SEM statistical method with SmartPLS®4 software. The results were obtained from 182 respondents who met the inclusion criteria taken in 2023 by purposive sampling with a questionnaire from individuals who had received cardiovascular outpatient services at XYZ Hospital. The five aspects of doctor communication skills were proven to have significant and positive effects. The strongest influence was shown in the empathy factor of communication by a doctor (R2 = 0.274; p-value 0.011; CI 0.086 – 0.479). This study proved the positive impact of patient satisfaction on patient loyalty at XYZ Hospital. From the findings of this study, managerial implications could be drawn for the development of doctors’ communication skills with patients, maintaining doctor quality, and strengthening the hospital image by providing the best services for patients. In conclusion, effective communication plays an important role in increasing patient satisfaction and loyalty toward health services in hospitals. It is necessary to maintain and improve skills in doctor-patient communication. Keywords: effective communication; patient satisfaction; patient loyalty
Hubungan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler dengan Psychological Well-Being Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Felicia A. Gunawan; Hendri Opod; Lydia E. V. David
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53197

Abstract

Abstract: Pre-Clinical Students tend to experience a decline in quality of life and well-being due to different responsibilities in curriculum, tasks, and demands during their studies. Extracurricular activities involve aspects of perseverance, empathy, and mindfulness, where these elements can prevent, and even enhance, an individual's psychological well-being (PWB). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between extracurricular activities and PWB in pre-clinical medical students of Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. This was a quantitative approach study employing data collection through the administration of the PWB scale (PWBS) questionnaire with 84 items developed by Ryff. The results obtained a total of 155 respondents participated in this study. The analysis did not reveal any correlation between participation in extracurricular activities and the dimensions of PWB. Albeit, a correlation was identified between the duration of involvement in extracurricular activities and specific dimensions of PWB (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is no correlation between extracurricular activities and PWB. However, there is a correlation between the duration aspect of involvement in extracurricular activities and PWB dimensions, especially the dimensions of positive relations with others and personal growth. Keywords: extracurricular activities; psychological well-being; duration aspect   Abstrak: Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter cenderung mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan karena adanya perbedaan dari segi kurikulum, tugas, dan tuntutan dalam menjalani studi. Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler merupakan suatu kegiatan yang melibatkan aspek ketekunan, empati, dan mindfulness, di mana aspek-aspek ini dapat mencegah penurunan, bahkan meningkatkan psychological well-being (PWB) seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi korelasi antara kegiatan ekstrakurikular dengan PWB pada mahasiswa pre-klinik Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah kuantitatif dengan metode pengambilan data menggunakan kueisioner PWB scale (PWBS) 84–items oleh Ryff. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 155 responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi antara kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dengan dimensi PWB, tetapi terdapat korelasi antara aspek durasi keterlibatan ekstrakurikuler dengan dimensi-dimensi PWB tertentu (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan antara ekstrakurikuler dengan PWB, tetapi terdapat hubungan antara aspek durasi keterlibatan ekstrakurikuler dengan dimensi PWB, terkhususnya dimensi positive relations with others dan personal growth.   Kata kunci: aktivitas ekstrakurikuler; psychological well-being; aspek durasi
Tingkat Depresi, Cemas, dan Stres pada Pasien Kanker yang Menjalani Kemoterapi Johanes A. Mastan; Linda W. A. Rotty; Harlinda Haroen; Cecilia Hendratta; Pearla Lasut
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53335

Abstract

Abstract: Chemotherapy in cancer patients has psychological impacts which are depression, anxiety and stress. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety and stress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Subjects were cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital aged over 18 years old, not pregnant, and not having an infectious disease. Assessment of levels of depression, anxiety and stress using DASS-42. The results obtained 62 patients undergoing chemotherapy; 47 were women (75.8%). The median and interquartile age range was 52 (14.75) years and body mass index (BMI) was 22 (5.17), 42 patients having an income <3.5 million rupiahs (67%), 36 patients with duration of illness >1 year (58%) and the majority of patients (79%) were in marital status. Among subjects, 23% experienced depression, 40% experienced generalized anxiety disorder, and 21% experienced stress. In conclusion, patients undergoing chemotherapy can experience depression, anxiety and stress disorders. Keywords: depression; anxiety; stress; chemotherapy; cancer patients   Abstrak: Kemoterapi pada pasien kanker memiliki dampak psikis yaitu depresi, cemas, dan stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat depresi, cemas, dan stres pada pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diperoleh menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian ialah pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou dengan usia di atas 18  tahun, tidak hamil, dan tidak sedang dalam pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Penilaian tingkat depresi, cemas, dan stres menggunakan DASS-42. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan­ 62 pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi; 47 pasien ialah perempuan (75,8%). Median dan interquartil range usia ialah 52 (14,75) tahun dan  IMT 22(5,17), dengan 42 pasien mempunyai pendapatan <3,5 juta rupiah  (67%),  36 pasien dengan lama sakit  >1 tahun (58%) dan sebagian besar pasien (79%) dalam status kawin. Sebanyak 23% pasien mengalami depresi, 40% gangguan cemas menyeluruh, dan 21% mengalami stres. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi dapat mengalami gangguan depresi, cemas dan stres. Kata kunci: depresi; cemas; stres; kemoterapi; pasien kanker
Gambaran Ultrasonografi Ginjal pada Penderita Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dengan Hiperurisemia di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode Juli 2022 hingga Juli 2023 Yoel F. Silas; Martin L. Simanjuntak; Yovana P. M. Mamesah
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53394

Abstract

Abstract: Most studies identify hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Radiologic examination, especially renal ultrasonography (USG), is an important examination to establish the diagnosis of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the overview of renal USG in CKD patients with hyperuricemia at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from July 2022 to July 2023. This was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross sectional design using medical records of CKD patients with hyperuricemia who had renal USG performed on them at the Radiology Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 using proportional random sampling method. The results obtained 68 patients dominated by 56-65 years old (35.3%), male (57.4%), patients who did not undergo routine hemodialysis (69.1%), and 3th severity grade (41.9%). Renal USG characteristics were dominated by normal size (68.4%), increased parenchymal echogenicity (95.6%), normal cortex thickness (66.2%), blurred corticomedullary echogenicity differentiation (41.9%), and normal pelviocalyceal system (96.3%). In conclusion, CKD patients with hyperuricemia are mostly at the age of 56-65 years, male, at 3th severity grade, and do not undergo routine hemodialysis. Keywords: chronic kidney disease; hyperuricemia; renal ultrasonography   Abstrak: Sebagian besar penelitian mengidentifikasi hiperurisemia sebagai faktor risiko independen terjadinya penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK). Pemeriksaan radiologis, terutama ultrasonografi (USG) ginjal, merupakan pemeriksaan penunjang yang penting untuk menegakkan diagnosis penyakit ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran USG ginjal pada penderita PGK dengan hiperurisemia di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode Juli 2022 hingga Juli 2023. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan rekam medis pasien PGK dengan hiperurisemia yang dilakukan pemeriksaan USG ginjal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou pada Juli 2022 hingga Juli 2023. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode proportional random sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 68 pasien sebagai sampel penelitian yang didominasi oleh kelompok usia 56−65 tahun (35,3%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (57,4%), pasien yang tidak menjalani hemodialisis rutin (69,1%), dan derajat keparahan 3 (41,9%). Gambaran USG ginjal didominasi oleh ukuran normal (68,4%), ekogenisitas parenkim meningkat (95,6%), ketebalan korteks normal (66,2%), batas ekogenisitas korteks dan medula mengabur (41,9%), dan sistem pelviokalises normal (96,3%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penderita PGK dengan hiperurisemia sebagian besar berada pada usia 56-65 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berada pada derajat keparahan 3, dan tidak menjalani hemodialisis rutin. Kata kunci: hiperurisemia; penyakit ginjal kronis; ultrasonografi ginjal
Gambaran Alasan Penggunaan Lensa Kontak pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Ryanaldi Bagy; Wenny P. Supit; Rillya D. P. Manoppo
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53470

Abstract

Abstract: Despite being aware of the complications associated with contact lens and the practice of hygienic contact lens wear, many medical faculty students still wear contact lenses. This study aimed to obtain the reasons of contact lens wear among medical faculty students. This was a quantitative and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted through total sampling. Respondents were students at Medical Faculty of Universitas Sam Ratulangi that wore contact lens. A total of 83 respondents participated in this study. Based on age groups, there was a tendency for differences in reasons related to ease of access. Based on gender, there was a tendency for differences in cosmetic reasons and the perception that wearing contact lenses were more comfortable than glasses. Overall, the reasons for the respondents to use contact lenses revolved around correction of refractive disorders, cosmetic purposes, and as a substitute for glasses. In conclusion, respondents' reasons for wearing contact lenses tend to be related to correcting refractive disorders, cosmetic purposes, and as a substitute for glasses. Keywords: reasons; contact lens wearers; medical faculty students    Abstrak: Jumlah mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran yang menggunakan lensa kontak relatif banyak walaupun mahasiswa telah mengetahui komplikasi penggunaan lensa kontak dan praktik penggunaan lensa kontak yang higenis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan alasan penggunaan lensa kontak pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran. Jenis penelitian ialah kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dengan total sampling. Responden penelitian ialah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (FK Unsrat) yang menggunakan lensa kontak. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 83 mahasiswa FK Unsrat sebagai responden penelitian. Berdasarkan kelompok usia, terdapat kecenderungan perbedaan pada alasan kemudahan akses. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, terdapat kecenderungan perbedaan pada alasan kosmetik dan alasan lensa kontak lebih nyaman daripada kacamata. Secara keseluruhan, alasan mahasiswa FK Unsrat untuk menggunakan lensa kontak cenderung pada alasan untuk mengoreksi gangguan refraksi, kosmetik, dan sebagai pengganti kacamata. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah alasan responden untuk menggunakan lensa kontak cenderung untuk mengoreksi gangguan refraksi, kosmetik, dan sebagai pengganti kacamata. Kata kunci: alasan; pengguna lensa kontak; mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran
Pendekatan Diagnostik Disfagia Orofaring dengan Pemeriksaan Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing pada Anak dan Dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Marsella P. Castendo; Steward K. Mengko; Moudi M. Mona
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53477

Abstract

Abstract: Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that requires effort and time to digest food. It can occur in all age groups, due to damage of organ structures or certain medical conditions. The most common method of examining oropharyngeal dysphagia is Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). This study aimed to obtain the clinical diagnosis and further management in dysphagia cases. This was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were medical records of dysphagia patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from 2020 to 2023. The results obtained 32 cases out of 315 patients with dysphagia. Orophatyngeal dysphagia was more common in males (68.8%) and age 20-59 years (53.1%). Based on preswallowing and swallowing assessment, the characteristics that appear tend to be impaired in pharyngeal phase. The most common clinical diagnoses were aspiration pneumonia and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) (each of 18.6%). Further management was diet modification and swallowing rehabilitation (78.7%). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in male patients and occurs at the age of 20-59 years. The most common causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia are aspiration pneumonia and LPR. The FEES measures can determine further management, namely diet modification and swallowing rehabilitation. Keywords: oropharyngeal dysphagia; swallowing disorders; swallowing rehabilitation    Abstrak: Disfagia adalah gangguan proses menelan sehingga butuh usaha dan waktu untuk mencerna makanan yang dapat terjadi pada semua kelompok usia, akibat kerusakan struktur organ atau kondisi medis tertentu. Metode pemeriksaan disfagia orofaring yang sering dilakukan ialah Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui diagnosis klinis dan manajemen lanjutan pada kasus disfagia. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah rekam medik pasien disfagia di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou sejak 2020-2023. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 32 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria dari 315 pasien disfagia. Disfagia orofaring lebih sering dialami oleh laki-laki (68,8%) dan usia 20-59 tahun (53,1%). Berdasarkan hasil preswallowing dan swallowing assessment karakteristik yang muncul cenderung mengalami gangguan fase faring. Diagnosis klinis terbanyak ialah pneumonia aspirasi dan RLF (masing-masing 18,6%). Manajemen lanjutan yang dilakukan ialah modifikasi diet dan rehabilitasi menelan (78,7%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah disfagia orofaring sering dialami oleh laki-laki, usia 20-59 tahun, dengan penyebab tersering yaitu pneumonia aspirasi dan RLF. Dengan tindakan FEES dapat ditentukan manajemen lanjutan yaitu dengan modifikasi diet dan rehabilitasi menelan. Kata kunci: disfagia orofaring; gangguan menelan; rehabilitasi menelan
Profil Pasien Peritonitis Primer, Peritonitis Sekunder, dan Peritonitis Tersier di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Tahun 2022 Angelica M. J. Wagiu; Fadilah N. A. Kasim; Andiressanto C. Lengkong
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53518

Abstract

Abstract: The complex structure of abdomen makes the diagnosis and treatment of intraperitoneal infections a challenge in the practice of medicine. This study aimed to obtain the profile of primary peritonitis, secondary peritonitis, and tertiary peritonit patients treated at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using medical records of peritonitis patients during the period January–December 2022. The results showed that most peritonitis patients treated at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou were males in the age group of 19-59 years. The most common peritonitis was secondary peritonitis (52 patients), followed by tertiary peritonitis (11 patients) and primary peritonitis (9 patients). Based on the etiology, hepatic cirrhosis (45%) was the most common etiology of primary peritonitis; gastric perforation (38%) was the  most common etiology of secondary peritonitis; and post appendectomy (18%), post nephrostomy (18%) and leakage of sigmoid anastomosis (18%) were the most common etiologies of tertiary peritonitis. Generally patients had radiological features of preperitoneal fat depletion (44%), and subdiaphragm free air (20%). Most patients received operative treatment, and admitted to the hospital with sepsis. In conclusion, the majority of peritonitis patients suffer from secondary peritonitis, males of age group 19-59 years, with varied etiologies for each type of peritonitis. Keywords: patient profile; primary peritonitis; secondary peritonitis; tertiary peritonitis.   Abstrak: Struktur abdomen yang kompleks membuat diagnosis dan pengobatan infeksi intraperitoneal menjadi tantangan dalam praktik kedokteran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pasien peritonitis primer, peritonitis sekunder, dan peritonitis tersier yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien peritonitis selama periode Januari – Desember 2022. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 72 pasien peritonitis dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado sebagai subjek penelitian. Peritonitis paling sering terjadi pada laki-laki, kelompok usia 19-59 tahun. Peritonitis yang tersering ialah peritonitis sekunder (52 pasien), diikuti peritonitis tersier (11 pasien) dan peritonitis primer (9 pasien). Berdasarkan etiologi, sirosis hati (45%) merupakan etiologi tersering peritonitis primer; perforasi gaster (38%) merupakan etiologi tersering peritonitis sekunder; serta pasca apendektomi, pasca nefrostomi dan leakage anastomosis sigmoid merupakan etiologi tersering peritonitis tersier (masing-masing 18%). Umumnya pasien memiliki gambaran radiologi penipisan lemak preperitoneal (44%), dan udara bebas subdiafragma (20%). Pasien terbanyak menerima tatalaksana operatif, dan datang dengan sepsis. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas pasien dengan peritonitis berjenis kelamin laki-laki, kelompok usia 19-59 tahun, kategori peritonitis sekunder, dengan etiologi bervariasi untuk setiap jenis peritonitis. Kata kunci: profil pasien; peritonitis primer; peritonitis sekunder; peritonitis tersier 
Eutanasia Ditinjau dari Etika Kedokteran di Indonesia Octaviane K. Rarung; Djemi Tomuka; James F. Siwu
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53532

Abstract

Abstract: Legal perspective euthanasia is a form of taking one's life. There are differences in the legality of euthanasia in Indonesia and several other countries that require doctors to understand the medical ethics related to euthanasia. This study aimed to explore the medical ethics related to euthanasia. This was a systematic literature review study using three database sources, namely ClinicalKey, Pubmed, and Sage Journal based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The results showed that euthanasia was not an appropriate and ethical matter for doctors to do. Doctors had to fulfill the autonomy of patients meanwhile doctors had also to consider the decisions given by patients since not all decisions of the patients had to be fulfilled, let alone decisions asking for euthanasia. Medical ethics viewed euthanasia as an unethical act to be performed by a doctor. Legal and religious views viewed euthanasia as something that should not be done. Moreover, medical ethics' view on euthanasia was different from bioethics' view on euthanasia. Bioethics viewed euthanasia from various perspectives, broader than medical ethics did. In conclusion, medical ethics respects the autonomy of the patient, albeit, the patient does not have the right to assert the obligation of others to fulfill that right. Keywords: euthanasia; medical ethics; doctors; patient’s autonomy   Abstrak: Dalam perspektif hukum eutanasia merupakan suatu bentuk tindakan menghilangkan nyawa seseorang. Terdapat perbedaan legalitas eutanasia di Indonesia dengan beberapa negara lain yang mewajibkan dokter untuk mengetahui etika kedokteran terkait eutanasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami etika kedokteran terkait eutanasia. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan ialah systematic literature review dengan tiga sumber database yang digunakan yakni ClinicalKey, Pubmed, dan Sage Journal berdasarkan kriteria inklusi serta kriteria eksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa eutanasia bukan hal yang pantas dan bukan hal yang etis untuk dilakukan oleh seorang dokter. Dokter memang harus memenuhi otonomi pasien namun dokter juga harus mempertimbangkan keputusan yang diberikan pasien karena tidak semua keputusan yang diambil pasien harus dipenuhi oleh dokter, apalagi keputusan meminta untuk eutanasia. Etika kedokteran memandang eutanasia sebagai tindakan yang tidak etis untuk dilakukan oleh seorang dokter. Pandangan hukum dan pandangan agama memandang eutanasia sebagai hal yang tidak patut untuk dilakukan. Pandangan etika kedokteran terhadap eutanasia berbeda dengan pandangan bioetika terhadap eutanasia. Bioetika memandang eutanasia dari berbagai sudut pandang, yang lebih luas dari pandangan etika kedokteran. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah etika kedokteran menghargai otonomi pasien namun pasien tidak mempunyai hak untuk menuntut kewajiban orang lain untuk memenuhi hak tersebut. Kata kunci: eutanasia; etika kedokteran; dokter; otonomi pasien

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