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INDONESIA
FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies
Published by Neolectura
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27982181     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37010/fcs
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Social,
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other
FOCUS is a Journal of Social Studies Manuscripts for FOCUS must fall into one of the following categories: 1. Sociology 2. Anthropology 3. Psychology 4. Economy 5. Social Geography 6. Politics 7. History 8. Other Social Issues
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 195 Documents
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Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Distribusi Benih Bening Lobster (Panulirus Homarus) Secara Ilegal Ke Luar Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Indonesia Arip Nugraha Djajadisastra; Marjan Miharja
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2198

Abstract

Penelitian ini berlandaskan pada teori pemidanaan dan penegakan hukum. Teori pemidanaan digunakan untuk menilai proporsionalitas dan efektivitas sanksi pidana dalam perkara penyelundupan benih bening lobster (BBL), sementara grand theory penegakan hukum memberikan kerangka analitis mengenai hubungan antara substansi hukum, struktur hukum, dan kultur hukum dalam pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, serta analisis putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan hakim yang menjatuhkan pidana 11 bulan penjara dan denda Rp.50 juta terhadap pelaku penyelundupan BBL masih tergolong ringan bila dibandingkan dengan ancaman pidana maksimal. Kondisi ini menunjukkan belum terwujudnya keselarasan antara teori pemidanaan, tujuan penegakan hukum, dan praktik peradilan. Selain itu, putusan tersebut belum mencerminkan efektivitas hukum sebagai instrumen perlindungan ekologis dan pencegahan pelanggaran berulang dalam pengelolaan sumber daya lobster di Indonesia
Analisis Penerapan Sanksi Hukum terhadap Pelaku Pelanggaran Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut Dwi Aji Prasetyo; Marjan Miharja
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2199

Abstract

The growing intensity of human activities in marine areas increases the risk of conflicts and violations of marine spatial planning, making strong regulation and effective law enforcement essential for sustainable management. This study examines the legal framework governing violations of marine space utilization in Indonesia and explores efforts to strengthen legal norms and the effectiveness of criminal sanctions. Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes relevant laws and regulations. The findings indicate that Indonesia has established a comprehensive system of administrative and criminal sanctions for marine space utilization violations, as regulated under the Job Creation Law and its implementing regulations. Parties utilizing marine space without a Marine Space Utilization Suitability Permit (KKPRL) may face administrative sanctions such as warnings, suspension of activities, permit revocation, fines, and criminal penalties if their actions result in changes to marine spatial functions. However, this study identifies a normative gap, particularly the absence of clear technical criteria for determining changes in marine space functions. This gap creates legal uncertainty and underscores the need for more detailed technical guidelines to ensure legal certainty, fairness, and sustainability in marine spatial management.
Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Usaha Perikanan Yang Tidak Memiliki Perizinan Berusaha Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bitung Nomor 5/Pid.Sus-Prk/2025/Pn Bit) Umi Yulaekhah; Misbahul Huda
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2200

Abstract

The fisheries sector plays a strategic role in supporting economic growth, food security, and Indonesia’s maritime sovereignty. However, illegal fishing remains a serious issue that causes state losses and marine ecosystem degradation. This problem is closely related to violations of fisheries business licensing requirements, which function as key instruments for controlling sustainable resource management. This study examines legal accountability for fisheries business actors operating without valid licenses and analyzes judicial considerations in Case Number 5/Pid.Sus-PRK/2025/PN Bit. The findings show that the enforcement of criminal and administrative sanctions reflects efforts to balance justice, legal certainty, and environmental sustainability. Under the Fisheries Law, intentional licensing violations may result in imprisonment and fines, alongside administrative sanctions under the Job Creation Law. In the case of Crisanto Sumilhig Langamon, the court imposed imprisonment, a monetary fine, and confiscation of fishing equipment, emphasizing both punitive and preventive functions of sanctions. This decision demonstrates the application of the combined theory (verenigings theorie), prioritizing justice, legal certainty, and legal utility in fisheries law enforcement.
Analisis Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pelaku Usaha Perikanan Tanpa Izin dan Penggunaan Alat Tangkap Yang Merusak Ekosistem Perikanan (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2868 K/Pid.Sus/2025) Yogi Darmawan Effendi; Misbahul Huda
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2201

Abstract

The fisheries sector plays a vital role in supporting economic growth, food security, and the sustainability of Indonesia’s marine resources. However, violations persist in the form of unlicensed fisheries business activities and the use of fishing gear that damages marine ecosystems, threatening environmental balance within the Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia (WPPNRI). This study examines the regulation of fisheries-related criminal offenses under Indonesian positive law and analyzes judicial considerations in Supreme Court Decision Number 2868 K/Pid.Sus/2025. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, this research relies on primary legal materials in the form of relevant legislation. The findings indicate that fisheries business activities must comply with the principles of legality and sustainability, requiring valid licenses such as SIUP, SIPI, and SIKPI. The Supreme Court confirmed that the defendant was legally and convincingly proven to have committed a fisheries-related criminal offense and imposed sanctions in accordance with applicable law. This decision demonstrates the enforcement of legal certainty and the protection of sustainable fisheries resources in Indonesia
Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Penetapan Ganti Rugi Dalam Sengketa Kontrak Bisnis Akibat Wanprestasi (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bogor Nomor 211/Pdt.G/2023/Pn Bgr) Rizky Tri Lafianto; I Gusti Agung Ngurah
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2208

Abstract

Wanprestasi dalam kontrak bisnis merupakan permasalahan hukum yang kerap terjadi dalam praktik, khususnya ketika salah satu pihak tidak melaksanakan kewajiban sebagaimana telah diperjanjikan. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan sengketa yang berkaitan dengan pemenuhan prestasi dan tuntutan ganti rugi sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang dirugikan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pengaturan hukum mengenai ganti rugi akibat wanprestasi dalam kontrak bisnis menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata) dan bagaimana dasar pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam menetapkan adanya wanprestasi dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bogor Nomor 211/Pdt.G/2023/PN Bgr. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang- undangan, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian yaitu bahwa sistem hukum perdata di Indonesia telah mengatur secara sistematis dan menyeluruh mengenai mekanisme ganti rugi sebagai konsekuensi wanprestasi, dengan menegaskan kedudukan kontrak bisnis sebagai norma yang mengikat para pihak sebagaimana halnya peraturan perundang-undangan. Dalam hal wanprestasi, ganti rugi dipahami sebagai kompensasi atas kerugian yang benar-benar dialami serta manfaat yang tidak diperoleh, yang secara yuridis mencakup unsur biaya, kerugian, dan bunga sebagaimana diatur dalam KUHPerdata, dengan pembatasan pada kerugian yang secara rasional dapat diperkirakan pada saat perjanjian dibuat dan memiliki keterkaitan langsung dengan pelanggaran prestasi, kecuali dalam keadaan memaksa. dalam pelaksanaan kontrak bisnis.
Kajian Yuridis terhadap Tindak Pidana Praktik Kedokteran Oleh WNA tanpa Surat Tanda Registrasi Sementara (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Utara Nomor 450/Pid.Sus/2020/Pn_Jkt.Utr) Seto Hanggoro Setiadji; Guanawan Nachrawi
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2217

Abstract

The increasing demand for health services and international cooperation has expanded opportunities for foreign national doctors to practice in Indonesia. Nevertheless, such practices must be regulated to ensure professional competence, patient safety, and legal certainty. This study analyzes the legal regulation on the obligation of Temporary Registration Certificates (Surat Tanda Registrasi Sementara/STR-S) for foreign doctors and examines judicial considerations in Decision Number 450/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Utr. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and case approaches, the study finds that STR-S obligations are governed by Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024, Minister of Health Regulation Number 13 of 2025, and Indonesian Medical Council Regulation Number 17 of 2013. These regulations establish requirements, supervision, and limitations on medical practice by foreign doctors. Although the court correctly fulfilled the elements of the offense, the nine-month imprisonment imposed has not fully reflected the objectives of punishment considering the serious risks to patient safety. Therefore, stricter sanctions are necessary to strengthen deterrence and public trust in health law enforcement.
Analisis Yuridis Pidana Pemecatan dari Dinas Militer terhadap Anggota Militer yang Melakukan Nikah Siri Bryand A. Banurea; Bambang Widiarto
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v6i2.2219

Abstract

Pernikahan siri yang dilakukan oleh prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), khususnya dalam konteks poligami tanpa izin dan tanpa pencatatan negara, merupakan perbuatan yang tidak hanya melanggar hukum perkawinan nasional, tetapi juga berdampak serius terhadap disiplin dan kehormatan institusi militer. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis penerapan pidana tambahan pemecatan dari dinas militer terhadap prajurit TNI yang melakukan poligami melalui pernikahan siri, serta menilai efektivitas sanksi tersebut sebagai instrumen penegakan disiplin keprajuritan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dengan menganalisis ketentuan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Militer (KUHPM), Undang-Undang tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia, Undang-Undang tentang Hukum Disiplin Militer, serta peraturan terkait perkawinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif pidana tambahan pemecatan memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat dan rasional untuk diterapkan terhadap prajurit pelaku pernikahan siri. Namun demikian, dalam praktik peradilan militer masih ditemukan ketidakkonsistenan putusan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pemecatan pada perkara yang serupa. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan persoalan kepastian hukum dan melemahkan efektivitas pemecatan sebagai sarana pembinaan dan pencegahan pelanggaran. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi dan standardisasi pertimbangan hukum dalam putusan pengadilan militer guna menjamin kepastian hukum, keadilan, serta efektivitas penegakan disiplin prajurit TNI.
Kerugian Keuangan Negara Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Tabungan Wajib Perumahan TNI AD (Analisis Putusan Kasasi No: 407K/Mil/2023 Tanggal 7 Desember 2023) Kantor Kantor; Sujono Sujono
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2220

Abstract

The determination of state financial loss constitutes a fundamental element in proving corruption offenses. Legal complexities arise when the managed funds do not originate directly from the State Budget, such as the Mandatory Housing Savings Fund (Tabungan Wajib Perumahan/TWP) of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Army). Although the TWP fund is collected through mandatory salary deductions from military personnel for welfare purposes, its management is conducted within the structure of a state institution, giving rise to legal debates regarding its status. This article aims to provide a juridical analysis of the qualification of the TWP Army fund as state finances and its implications for proving corruption offenses, based on the Supreme Court Decision of the Republic of Indonesia Number 407K/MIL/2023 dated 7 December 2023. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory and case approaches. The findings indicate that the TWP Army fund can be normatively classified as part of state finances due to its control, management, and accountability by a state institution. The Supreme Court, through the decision, affirmed that the misuse of the TWP fund resulted in state financial loss, thereby fulfilling an essential element of corruption offenses. This decision provides legal certainty in interpreting the concept of state finances and strengthens accountability as well as the enforcement of anti-corruption law within the military environment.
Upaya Preventif Kepolisian dalam Menanggulangi KasusTindak Pidana Kekerasan dalam RumahTangga (KDRT) terhadap Keluarga (Studi Kasus di Polresta Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau) Diah Ratna Karina; Polter Gultom
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2221

Abstract

Domestic Violence (DV) is a profound social issue with significant impacts on victims, who are often trapped in a cycle of repeated abuse. The police, as the frontline in law enforcement, play a crucial role in providing protection for victims and addressing DV through preventive measures. This study analyzes the preventive efforts made by the Tanjungpinang Police in combating DV, focusing on the implemented prevention policies and the challenges faced. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with case studies and interviews with police officers and related institutions. The findings show that the Tanjungpinang Police have implemented various programs such as legal awareness campaigns, security patrols, and collaboration with women and children’s protection agencies. However, significant challenges remain related to limited resources, low legal awareness in the community, and the patriarchal culture that hinders the effectiveness of preventive efforts. Recommendations include enhancing police capacity, strengthening collaboration with related institutions, and utilizing technology to facilitate DV reporting. This study contributes to the development of police policies for more effective DV prevention.
Analisis Yuridis Standar Operasional Prosedur Brigade Mobil (Brimob) dalam Penanganan Kriminalitas Adhi Pradana Dwi Nugroho; Subhan Zein Sgn
FOCUS Vol 7 No 1 (2026): FOCUS: Jurnal Kajian Sosial
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/fcs.v7i1.2222

Abstract

The Mobile Brigade (Brimob) of the Indonesian National Police plays a crucial role in maintaining public order and handling high-intensity security disturbances. The regulations on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Brimob serve as the main guidelines for task execution; however, in its implementation, challenges are often encountered. This study aims to analyze the regulations and implementation of SOP for Brimob in handling criminality, as well as evaluate the alignment between existing legal theory and practical application in the field. A normative juridical approach was employed, with data gathered from relevant legislation and legal literature. The findings indicate that although SOP for Brimob is well-detailed in the law, gaps remain in its implementation, particularly concerning discretion and crowd control. Actions taken in emergency situations often risk violating the principles of proportionality and human rights. Therefore, revisions to the existing regulations are necessary to clarify SOP application and ensure legal certainty and protection of individual rights in every action taken by Brimob. This study also recommends enhancing training and supervision in the implementation of Brimob SOP in the field.

Page 19 of 20 | Total Record : 195

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