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Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan

sodality
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 23027517 EISSN : 23027525 DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Art, Social,

Arts Humanities Environmental Science Social Sciences

Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan is a scientific journal, focused on Rural Sociological which refers to the key terminology of "Sodality" where the dynamics of the local structures (village/rural) and extra-local has created spaces of social disharmony, thus require the analysis and synthesis of multidisciplinary science to explain empirical facts dimensions of socio-economic-ecological in village/rural.

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Articles 410 Documents

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Transformation of Livelihood Institutions and the Organization of Punan Dayak Communities in Berau District, East Kalimantan Mardiyaningsih, Dyah Ita; Hadi Dharmawan, Arya; M Kolopaking, Lala; Firdaus, Muhammad; Reinhardt Nielsen, Martin
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

The social-ecological system of forests are changing with increasing modernity and has prompted the forest-dependent Dayak Punan community to adapt to the new conditions. In addition to changing livelihood structures, the institutional setting and social norms of subsistence strategies are also undergoing adaptation process. Therefore, the main question of this research is what institutional transformation are occuring of livelihoods in the Punan Dayak community as an adaptation to the modernity that entering the region where they live? A qualitative approach supported by quantitative data is used to obtain data and information in four Punan Dayak communities in Berau District, East Kalimantan. The level of dependence of Punan Dayak households on forests is declining, marked by increasing dominance of non-forest livelihood sources (i.e. wages and business). Institutions guiding the interaction between communities and the forest as a source of livelihoods, has also changed. In the four communities studied, the process of institutional transformation has produced four types of institutional organisations of subsistence vs. income dependent livelihoods, namely: subsistence-collective (livelihood activities to meet household food carried out in groups), subsistence-collective to commercial-contractual transition, commercial-collective (a livelihood activity aimed at earning money coordinated by the institution at the community level), and commercial-contractual (livelihood activities aimed at earning money/profits through formal working relationships individually or in groups).

Larvul Ngabal and Ain ni Ain as a Unifying Pluralism in the Islands Kei Southeast Maluku Yudit Tiwery, Weldemina
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTIndonesia is a country that consists of various cultures, tribes, languages and religion. The plurality possessed is valued as the power to build the harmony of life among the citizens. There are many types of cultures that serve as the basis for living together by communities in each region, one of them is in Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku. People in Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku has local wisdom known as Larvul Ngabal and Ain ni Ain. These two local wisdoms become the unifying force of pluralism for the people in Kei islands that has been passed down from generation to generation. This study was conducted using qualitative method with descriptive data analysis. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of customary law of Larvul Ngabal and Ain ni Ain’s philosophy bringing together plurality in the Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku and its relevance to the peace building in Indonesia. The results showed that both local wisdom can unify plurality in Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku and has been used as a basis for living together.Keywords : Larvul Ngabal, Ain Ni Ain, Plurality, Kei Islands, Southeast MalukuABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara yang terdiri dari berbagai macam budaya, suku, bahasa dan agama. Kemajemukan yang dimiliki dihargai sebagai kekuatan untuk membangun kehidupan yang harmonis antar warga masyarakat. Terdapat banyak jenis budaya yang dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk hidup bersama oleh masyarakat di masing-masing daerah, salah satunya di Kepulauan Kei, Maluku Tenggara. Masyarakat di Kepulauan Kei, Maluku Tenggara memiliki kearifan lokal yang dikenal dengan nama Larvul Ngabal dan Ain ni Ain. Dua kearifan lokal ini menjadi kekuatan pemersatu kemajemukan bagi masyarakat di Kepulauan Kei yang telah terwariskan dari generasi ke generasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisa data deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan hukum adat Larvul Ngabal dan falsafah Ain ni Ain dalam mempersatukan kemajemukan di Kepulauan Kei, Maluku Tenggara dan relevansinya bagi pembangunan perdamaian di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua kearifan lokal tersebut dapat mempersatukan kemajemukan di Kepulauan Kei, Maluku Tenggara dan telah dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk hidup bersama.Kata kunci: Larvul Ngabal, Ain ni Ain, kemajemukan, Kepulauan Kei, Maluku Tenggara

Factors on Community Investment-Based Small Scale Irrigation Development in Indonesia: Case of West Nusa Tenggara Nur Suhaeti, Rita; Saleh, Amiruddin; Abbas, Akmadi
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTCommunity-based investment for small-scale irrigation (CISI) was one of the opportunities to increase food production, mainly rice, to support food security at household and national levels. Social capital played a crucial role in small irrigation management allowing all water distribution with appropriate criteria, amount and time for all farmers within the irrigation network. Therefore it was necessary to investigate various influencing factors on investment development and financial viability in a small irrigation system. The research used survey method with indepth group discussion. Data were analyzed descriptively. Government’s ignorance and less wise for community self-help and social capital has caused a dependency to Government’s aids. Water User’s Association (WUA) institutional for small irrigation was definitely considered important in managing irrigation water. Social capital was formed and interacted with natural capital and human capital and framed in group social relationships. Leadership providing good exemplary, fair, honest, trustworthy, sincerity and well-being oriented was needed. WUA empowerment was necessary and crucial in order to get more fair irrigation water distribution. The CISI financial feasibility was strongly determined by benefits derived from the irrigation construction such as planted rice acreage increase. The CISI benefits were determined by community’s ability to perform maintenance investment.Keywords: community’s investment-based, small scale irrigation system, social capitalABSTRAKIrigasi skala kecil berbasis investasi masyarakat (IKBIM) merupakan salah satu peluang untuk meningkatkan produksi pangan, terutama beras, untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan di tingkat rumah tangga dan nasional. Modal sosial memainkan peran penting dalam pengelolaan irigasi kecil yang memungkinkan semua distribusi air dengan kriteria, jumlah dan waktu yang tepat untuk semua petani di dalam jaringan irigasi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan investasi dan kelayakan finansial dalam sistem irigasi kecil. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan diskusi kelompok secara mendalam. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Ketidaktahuan dan kekurangbijaksanaan pemerintah dan untuk swadaya masyarakat dan modal sosial telah menyebabkan ketergantungan petani pada bantuan Pemerintah. Perhimpunan Petani Pemakai Air (P3A) untuk irigasi kecil memang dianggap penting dalam pengelolaan air irigasi. Modal sosial dibentuk dan berinteraksi dengan modal alam dan modal manusia dan dibingkai dalam hubungan sosial kelompok. Kepemimpinan memberikan teladan, adil, jujur, dapat dipercaya, tulus dan berorientasi pada kebutuhan. Pemberdayaan P3A diperlukan dan penting untuk mendapatkan distribusi air irigasi yang lebih adil. Kelayakan finansial IKBIM sangat ditentukan oleh manfaat yang berasal dari konstruksi irigasi seperti kenaikan areal tanam padi. Manfaat IKBIM ditentukan oleh kemampuan masyarakat untuk melakukan investasi pemeliharaan.Kata kunci: modal berbasis masyarakat, modal sosial, sistem irigasi skala kecil

Institutional Analysis of Mangrove Rehabilitation in Karangsong Indramayu West Java Gunawan, Ali Gunawan; Hidayat, Aceng; Anggraini, Eva
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTKarangsong mangrove forest area is the result of rehabilitation since 2008 which is managed and then used as the location of ecotourismby Kelompok Pantai Lestari. The study was conducted in Karangsong Village, Indramayu District, West Java Province. The purposes of this study are to analyze changes in property rights, stakeholders and management institutions of mangrove areas. Data were collected through in-depth interviews of 7 key informants and questionnaires by 96 respondents who were chosen purposively (purposive sampling). This study used qualitative descriptive approach including Property rights analysis, Stakeholder analysis, and Content analysis. The results showed that there has been a change of land ownership status in the mangrove area. Kelompok Pantai Lestari supported by the Karangsong Village government, Diskanla and Pertamina became key actors in mangrove rehabilitation activities.Stakeholder coordination and synergy, as well as local community empowerment needs to be improved to realize sustainable institutions.Keywords : institutional, mangrove, property rights, stakeholdersABSTRAKKawasan hutan mangrove Karangsong merupakan hasil rehabilitasi sejak 2008 yang dikelola dan kemudian dijadikan lokasi ekowisata oleh Kelompok Pantai Lestari. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Desa Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan hak kepemilikan lahan, aktor dan kelembagaan pengelolaan kawasan mangrove. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 7 orang informan dan pengisian kuesioner oleh 96 responden yang dipilih secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui analisis Property rights, analisis Stakeholder, dan Content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan status kepemilikan lahan di kawasan mangrove. Kelompok Pantai Lestari yang didukung oleh pemerintah Desa Karangsong, Diskanla dan Pertamina menjadi aktor kunci dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove. Koordinasi dan sinergi pemangku kepentingan, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat setempat perlu ditingkatkan untuk mewujudkan kelembagaan yang berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: kelembagaan, mangrove, hak kepemilikan, stakeholders

The Metamorphosis of Social Movement in Banten: From Identity Romantism to Environment Agrarian Issues Tarmiji Alkhudri, Ahma; H. Dharmawan, Arya; A. Kinseng, Rilus; Tjondronegoro, S.M.P
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the metamorphosis of social movements in Banten. In terms of methodology, this research uses a critical paradigm - a qualitative approach. In terms of methodology, this research uses a critical paradigm - a qualitative approach. The results show that there is a metamorphosis of social movements in Banten since the colonial era until the reform, both in terms of issues, actors, and ideology. First, the colonial era until the beginning of independence (1813-1945) issues of movement related to identity and political economy. The dominant actors of the movement are the nobles, the ulama, and the jawara, with the spirit of ideology of liberation from colonial rule (freedom and religous heavy). Second, the era of Orla-Orba (1945-1998) motive of the resistance movement around the issue of political economy (sentiment of ethnicity), agrarian, and education. The dominant actors in this era are: the people, the ulama, and the jawara. The characteristics of the movement are sporadic, partial, not systemic and not sustained by a strong ideology (pseudo populism haevy). Third, the reform era, the resistance movement questioned agrarian and environmental issues. The dominant actors are the people in the set of Local NGOs, (fishemen), ulama, and jawara. In this era, the rationalism and objectives of the resistance are clearer, coordinated, systemic, and based on the ideology of justice/populist (justice/polulism heavy).Keywords: metamorphosis, social movement, agrarian, enviroment, BantenAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metamorfosis gerakan sosial di Banten. Dari sisi metodologi, penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kritis – pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi metamorfosis gerakan sosial di Banten sejak era kolonial hingga reformasi, baik dari sisi isu, aktor, dan ideologi. Pertama, era kolonial hingga awal kemerdekaan (1813-1945) isu gerakan terkait dengan identitas dan ekonomi politik. Aktor gerakan yang dominan adalah kaum bangsawan, ulama, dan jawara, dengan semangat ideologi pembebasan dari penjajahan kolonial (freedom and religous heavy). Kedua, era Orla-Orba (1945-1998) motif gerakan perlawanan seputar isu ekonomi politik (sentimen etnisitas), agraria, dan pendidikan. Aktor yang berperan dominan pada era ini antara lain: rakyat, ulama, dan jawara. Ciri gerakannya sporadis, parsial, tidak sistemik dan tidak ditopang oleh ideologi yang kuat (pseudo populism haevy). Ketiga, era reformasi, gerakan perlawanan menyoal isu agraria dan lingkungan. Aktor yang dominan ialah rakyat dalam himpunan NGO Lokal (nelayan), ulama, dan jawara. Pada era ini rasionalisme dan tujuan perlawanan lebih jelas, terkoordinir, sistemik, dan bertumpu pada ideologi keadilan/ populis (justice/polulism heavy).Kata kunci: metamorfosis, gerakan sosial, agraria, lingkungan, Banten

Rational Action and Networking Strategy of Small Fisherman’s Household Retna Mutiar, Indria; Sumarti, Titik; Satria, Arif
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTPoverty still occurs among the fishermen community. Climate changes, uncertainty of catch, and capital limitations, became a problem experienced by fishermen. Social network is one of the adaptation strategy of fishermen. The function of the social network not only to social relations, but also there are economical motives. The choice of fishermen in networking is a rational action. According to Weber’s view, there are four types rational action, such as instrumental/practice rational action, theoretical rational action, substantive rational actions, and formal rational action. But, in this study, only found one rational action, such as instrumental rational action. This study aims to analyzed the rational action of small fishermen in networking. The study uses a mixed-method that combine qualitative and quantitative approach. The subjects of this research were 65 small fishermen obtained from the poor households. The result shows that the social network in the small fishing community of Karangsong has three types, such as (1) social network based on sea activities, (2) social network based on the social relation type, and (3) social network based on the strong weakness of ties. Meanwhile, the rational action of fishermen in forming a social network is an instrumental rationality.Keyword: Social Network, Fisherman’s Poverty, Fisherman Community, Adaptation Strategy, Rational ActionABSTRAKKemiskinan masih terjadi di kalangan masyarakat nelayan. Perubahan iklim, ketidakpastian hasil tangkap, dan keterbatasan modal, menjadi masalah yang dialami nelayan. Jaringan sosial merupakan salah salah satu strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan nelayan. Fungsi dari jaringan sosial tersebut, yaitu bukan hanya sebatas hubungan sosial, tetapi juga terdapat motif-motif ekonomi di dalamnya. Pilihan nelayan dalam berjejaring merupakan tindakan yang bersifat rasional. Tindakan rasional sendiri terdiri dari beberapa tipe. Menurut pandangan Weber, terdapat empat tipe tindakan rasional, yaitu tindakan rasional instrumental/praktik, tindakan rasional teoritis, tindakan rasional substantif, dan tindakan rasional formal. Tetapi, di dalam studi ini hanya menemukan satu tipe tindakan rasional, yaitu tindakan rasional instrumental. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tindakan rasional nelayan kecil Karangsong dalam berjejaring. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Adapun responden di dalam penelitian ini yaitu berjumlah 65 nelayan kecil yang didapatkan dari data Rumah Tangga Miskin (RTM) sasaran. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jaringan sosial yang dibentuk oleh nelayan kecil Karangsong yaitu; (1) Jaringan sosial berdasarkan aktivitas melaut, (2) Jaringan sosial berdasarkan tipe hubungan sosial, dan (3) Jaringan sosial berdasarkan kuat lemahnya ikatan. Sementara itu, tindakan rasional nelayan dalam membentuk suatu jaringan sosial merupakan tindakan rasionalitas instrumental.Kata kunci: Jaringan Sosial, Kemiskinan Nelayan, Masyarakat Nelayan, Strategi Adaptasi, Tindakan Rasional

The Vulnerability of Mantigola Bajo Household In Wakatobi Marine National Park Isiyana Wianti, Nur; ., Suriana; La Ola, Taane; Tadjuddah, Muslim
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is for describing vulnerability’s typologies by Bajo Mantigola household as a result of the prohibition of fishing activity in Maromaho reef, after the establishment of zonation and regional autonomy as the starting point of marine tourism development in Wakatobi Regency. The research was conducted from March to May 2017, on Bajo fishing community in Mantigola Village, South Kaledupa Subdistrict, Wakatobi Regency, South-east Sulawesi Province. This research was a descriptive study using quantitative research paradigm and supported by qualitative (post-positivistic) research. The results showed that based on a side of human capital, Bajo fisher head of households were a very low formal education. This fact have consequences to Bajo Mantigola households. They can not expand their livelihoods other than capture fisheries activities. In terms of social capital, Bajo fishermen’s households are relatively more vulnerable when they related to kaledupa land-dweller who do not provide opportunities for their economic development in Kampung Mantigola. Meanwhile, physical capital side, Bajo Mantigola Kampung is low in economic facilities such as the market, which should be a catalyst for economic development in the village of Bajo Mantigola. These four capital conditions eventually result in vulnerability to economic capital. Low income in the West wind season related to debt traps, consumptive attitudes, and less alternative income. The vulnerability can ultimately lead to illegal fishing practices that damage the environment due to the emergence of livelihood instability. And also, this paper will criticize the role of Bajo identity concerning to vulnerability dimension of The Bajo.Keywords: Vulnerability, Household, Mantigola Bajo, WakatobiABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui gambaran tipologi kerentanan yang dialami oleh rumahtangga nelayan Bajo di Mantigola akibat dari pelarangan kegiatan penangkapan ikan pada wilayah Karang Maromaho setelah terbentuknya TNKW dan otonomi daerah sebagai starting point pengembangan wisata Bahari di Kabupaten Wakatobi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2017 di komunitas nelayan Bajo di Desa Mantigola, Kecamatan Kaledupa Selatan, Kabupaten Wakatobi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan paradigma penelitian kuantitatif dan didukung oleh penelitian kualitatif (post-positivistic). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari sisi modal manusia, nelayan Bajo berpendidikan formal sangat rendah sehingga rumahtangga nelayan Bajo Mantigola tidak bisa memperluas mata pencaharian selain kegiatan perikanan tangkap. Dari sisi modal sosial, rumahtangga nelayan Bajo relatif lebih rentan ketika terkait dengan interaksi dengan orang darat, khususnya orang darat Kaledupa yang tidak memberikan peluang bagi berkembangnya perekonomian di Kampung Mantigola. Dari sisi modal fisik, Kampung Bajo Mantigola rendah dalam fasilitas ekonomi antara lain pasar, yang semestinya menjadi katalisator perkembangan ekonomi di kampung Bajo Mantigola. Kondisi empat modal ini akhirnya menghasilkan kerentanan pada modal ekonomi. Pendapatan rendah di musim angin Barat, rentan dengan jebakan hutang, sikap konsumtif, dan kurang alternative nafkah selain menangkap ikan. Kerentanan pada akhirnya bisa memicu timbulnya perilaku perikanan illegal yang merusak lingkungan akibat munculnya ketidakstabilan mata pencaharian. Tulisan ini juga mengkritisi peran identitas Bajo terhadap dimensi kerentanan orang Bajo.Kata Kunci: Kerentanan, Rumahtangga, Bajo Mantigola, Wakatobi

Domination of Expert Agent in The Rural Development Programs Fatma Chawa, Anif; Wira Harjo, Indhar Wahyu
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe study aims to examine the implementation of rural development programs. The study also shows an alternative model in how these programs could be conducted effectively. A case study approach were implemented to unveil the distribution of development programs organized by groups of farmers (Poktan) and the union of them (Gapoktan) in Sidoasri village, Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang. The result of the study reveals that Gapoktan Committee as the expert agent dominated the mechanism and distribution of programs. In contrast, Gapoktan members only received passively the development programs and were not able to participate and initiate a change on these mechanism. In order to distribute the programs effectively, a participative model is highly required. There should be an ongoing assistance so the farmers could participate in decision making processes continualy, from identifying problems, finding the solution to the problems, and monitoring as well as evaluating these programs. This model would be effective to achieve empowerment objective of the rural development programsKeywords: Gapoktan, Participation, Rural Development Programs, farmers and PoktanABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengelolaan bantuan Kementrian Pertanian yang diberikan kepada petani. Kajian tersebut dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk menggagas model pendampingan yang efektif dalam mengelola bantuan pertanian. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus diimplementasikan untuk menelaah pengelolaan bantuan pertanian yang diorganisir kelompok tani (Poktan) dan gabungan kelompok tani (Gapoktan) di Desa Sidoasri Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan Kabupaten Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan bantuan pertanian petani di Desa Sidoasri didominasi pengurus Gapoktan sebagai expert agent. Anggota Gapoktan hanya berperan sebagai pihak penerima bantuan saja dan tidak memiliki kemampuan atau kesempatan untuk menciptakan inisiatif untuk melakukan perubahan terhadap kebijakan pengelolaan bantuan yang diterapkan para pengurus. Kondisi ini menjadikan pengelolaan bantuan terpusat dan tidak tepat sasaran. Agar bantuan pertanian ini berjalan lebih efektif, maka model pengelolaan bantuan yang bersifat partisipatif menjadi penting dilakukan. Partisipasi anggota Gapoktan dalam model tersebut perlu ditopang pendampingan yang berkelanjutan supaya keterlibatan petani bersifat holistik dan konsisten. Pendampingan berkelanjutan diproyeksi mendorong anggota Gapoktan terlibat sejak tahap mengidentifikasi masalah, memunculkan alternatif pemecahan masalah, memutuskan solusi untuk mengatasi problematika hingga mengevaluasi solusi yang diimplementasikan. Pendampingan dengan model ini berpotensi meningkatkan partisipasi petani dalam penentuan kebijakan pengelolaan bantuan pertanian. Partisipasi inilah yang ditawarkan sebagai jalan keluar bagi perbaikan pengelolaan bantuan pertanian.Kata kunci: Gapoktan, partisipasi, pendampingan berkelanjutan, petani, dan Poktan

Corporatization of Salt Farmer: The Dynamic of Social Economic and Ecological Transitions Baekhaki, Khamid; A. Kinseng, Rilus; Soetarto, Endriatmo
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTAs an effort to maintain the consumption salt surplus production and to supply industrial needs, Indonesian goverment implement Pengembangan Usaha Garam Rakyat [Devolepment of People Salt Business] by encouraging salt farmers to manage their business using corporate pattern, and bring up a new concept called “corporitization of salt farmer”. They have been requested to use corporate pattern and apply some useful equipments and technology, land integration, formulating contracts, and other corporatization components. The aims of this research is to analyze corporatization model in people salt business by using corporatization concept with some descriptions of the socio-economic transition, and the impact of ecologycal changes. The method used is qualitative and quantitative, starting with survey, focuss group discussion, indepth interview, and observation. The results are (i) the interpretation of corporatization by farmers is diverse, it is different with government conception, (ii) Socio-economic transition indicated by the relation between small-large farmer and salt farmer trader, new incarnation of trader, and the economic farmer revenues, (iii) the dynamics of ecologycal changes caused by intersection with mangrove and housing that will effect of the large ammounts of plastic waste in the future.Keywords: corporate pattern, corporatization, transition of social, economy, and ecologyABSTRAKSebagai upaya mempertahankan surplus garam konsumsi dan mencoba menyediakan garam industri, pemerintah melaksanakan Pengembangan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGaR) yang salah satu strateginya mendorong sebagian petambak garam mengelola usaha dengan pola korporasi, hal ini memunculkan konsep “korporatisasi garam rakyat”. Petambak didorong menerapkan peralatan/teknologi tepat guna, integrasi lahan, memperbanyak kontrak dengan perusahaan, dan komponen–komponen korporatisasi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin menganalisis pemaknaan korporatisasi dari sudut pandang petambak garam, menganalisis dinamika transisi sosial ekonomi, dan dinamika perubahan ekologi yang ditimbulkan oleh korporatisasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuntitatif dan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui survei, focus group discussion, wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (i) korporatisasi ditanggapi secara beragam oleh petambak garam, yang didasari atas rasionalitas mereka selaku aktor, dan pemakanaan terhadap komponen korporatisasi tidak selalu sama dengan pamaknaan pemerintah, (ii) transisi sosial ekonomi dapat dilihat dari hubungan antara pemilik moda produksi dan pedagang-petambak garam yang mulai bergeser, jelmaan pedagang dalam bentuk baru, dan peningkatan pendapatan petambak garam, (iii) dinamika perubahan ekologi dilihat dari persinggungannya dengan pemukiman dan mangrove belum terlihat secara besar, namun terdapat potensi sampah plastik yang besar di masa mendatang.Kata kunci: pola korporatisasi, pemaknaan korporatisasi, transisi sosial, ekonomi dan ekologi

Political economy of Agrarian Conflict of Small Island: Case Study in Pari Island, Seribu Islands, Capital Province of Jakarta Christian, Yoppie; Satria, Arif; Sunito, Satyawan
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTA small island of Pari currently experiencing agrarian conflicts over land involving locals and tourism corporations. This conflict has lasted for more than twenty years and there has been no solution to this dispute. This research chooses a case study approach to discover how the appropriation of the means of production by capital to Pari’s locals and analyze the critical point of capital penetration into the insular region. The data were taken using observation, interviews, archives, focused discussions, and mass-media as a qualitative analysis material by generalizing the empirical findings into the intermediate theoretical analysis. The results show that this process of dispossession involves the state apparatus essentially by manipulating the lack of local knowledge of the formal property system and the application of pseudo-legal system to strengthen the land acquisition process. The Marxian political economic perspective sees the relation between corporation and state in land dispossession in Pari is in order to create a pre-condition for the formation of a new space of capitalism. This new space is based on primitive accumulation by separating humans from their means of production and creating landless people as the foundation for the operation of capital accumulation by the tourism industry and potentially excluding fishers or local communities as actors in small island resource management.Keywords: accumulation by dispossesion, agrarian conflict, political economy, small islandABSTRAKPulau kecil Pari saat ini mengalami konflik agraria atas tanah yang melibatkan masyarakat lokal dan korporasi wisata. Konflik ini telah berlangsung selama lebih dari duapuluh tahun dan belum ada solusi atas sengketa ini. Penelitian ini memilih pendekatan studi kasus untuk menemukan cara kerja perampasan alat produksi oleh kapital terhadap wargan Pari dan menganalisis kegentingan dari penetrasi kapital ke wilayah insular. Data diambil memanfaatkan observasi, wawancara, arsip, diskusi terfokus, dan media massa sebagai bahan analisis secara kualitatif dengan menggeneralisasi temuan empirik dalam analisis teoritik level menengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses perampasan ini melibatkan aparat negara secara esensial dengan cara memanipulasi ketiadaan pengetahuan warga lokal terhadap sistem properti formal dan bekerjanya sistem pseudo-legal untuk menguatkan proses akuisisi tanah tersebut. Perspektif ekonomi politik Marxian dalam penelitian ini melihat bahwa relasi kapitalistik antara korporasi dan negara dalam perampasan tanah di Pari adalah dalam rangka menciptakan pra-kondisi bagi pembentukan ruang baru kapitalisme. Ruang baru ini berbasis akumulasi primitif dengan melucuti manusia dari alat produksi dan menciptakan manusia tanpa tanah sebagai fondasi bagi operasi akumulasi kapital oleh industri wisata dan berpotensi menyingkirkan nelayan atau masyarakat lokal sebagai aktor dalam pengelolaan sumber daya pulau kecil.Kata kunci: akumulasi dengan perampasan, ekonomi politik, konflik agraria, pulau kecil

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