Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal)
MORFAI This journal will publish research articles or studies that are multidisciplinary in nature, including: education, law, health, agriculture, engineering, energy, technology, and social science. This journal is dedicated to explore and socialize many creative and innovative thought who focus in: Humanities: Art, History, Languages, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Religion, Theater, etc. Social Science: Geography, Sociology, Education, Political Science, Law, Policy, Social Review, Arts, History, Philosophy, Anthropology Management: Commerce, Economics, Finance, Accounting, Corporate Governance, Human Resources Management, Marketing Management, Quality Management Training and Development Engineering: Information Technology, Computer Application, Civil Engineering, Machanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics Medical Science: Medicine, Health, Nursing, Clinical Research, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry Biology: Botany, Bioscience, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Clinical Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environment and Ecology, Food Science, Nutrition, Plant Science, Entomology, Zoology, Fisheries Physical Education: Sports, Yoga, Physiotherapy, Physiology, Exercise, Health
Articles
1,525 Documents
<![CDATA[FISCAL AUTONOMY AND REVENUE GROWTH: THE IMPORTANCE OF SPATIAL CONTEXT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM ]]>
<![CDATA[Edem Lekettey]]>;
<![CDATA[Nugraha Nugraha]]>;
<![CDATA[Maya Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Denny Andriana]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4977
<![CDATA[This study examines the revenue growth performance of Ghana's Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) and explores the moderating influence of population density on the relationship between financial autonomy and revenue growth. This study analyzes the impact of institutional capability and spatial context on subnational fiscal performance in the context of Ghana's decentralization, based on fiscal federalism and institutional theory. Auditor-General's Reports and the Ghana Statistical Service provided data on 261 MMDAs from 2018 to 2023. Stata 18 and R 4.3 were used for fixed-effects estimation, the system generalized method of moments (GMM), robustness testing, and moderation analysis using Hayes' PROCESS Model 1. The results indicate that financial autonomy substantially improved subnational revenue growth (β = 0.0036, p < 0.001). Population density did not significantly reduce this association (β = -0.0031, p = 0.108). Further analysis indicates that the fiscal benefits of autonomy are more pronounced in low-density assemblies, suggesting that institutional and administrative efficiencies play a more critical role in fiscal performance than population size. The findings indicate that decentralization reforms should prioritize improving governance quality, institutional discipline, and fiscal accountability, rather than demographic or spatial considerations. This study represents the first application of moderated panel models to 261 Ghanaian MMDAs, demonstrating that institutional strength, rather than population density, serves as the principal determinant of fiscal benefits from autonomy in developing countries. This finding contributes to the discussion on fiscal federalism and institutional theories.]]>
<![CDATA[DETERMINANTS OF GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP, POLITICAL CONNECTIONS, PROFITABILITY, AND LEVERAGE ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING QUALITY IN PUBLIC COMPANIES IN INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Siti Asiah Murni]]>;
<![CDATA[James Tumewu]]>;
<![CDATA[Akhmad Zainuddin]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4979
<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the effects of government ownership, political connections, profitability, and leverage on the quality of sustainability reporting in public companies in Indonesia, as well as the moderating role of firm size. Sustainability reporting serves as a crucial tool for companies to demonstrate transparency, accountability, and commitment to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative design, and data were collected from 100 publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020–2024 using purposive sampling. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports, sustainability reports, ESG databases, and company profiles. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that government ownership and profitability have a significant positive effect on sustainability reporting quality, indicating that state-owned and financially strong companies are more motivated to produce transparent and comprehensive ESG disclosures. Conversely, political connections have a significant negative effect, suggesting that politically affiliated companies reduce transparency to minimize political risk exposure. Meanwhile, leverage does not have a significant effect, implying that debt levels are not a primary determinant of sustainability reporting quality in the Indonesian context. Furthermore, moderation analysis using PLS-SEM demonstrates that firm size strengthens the relationship between profitability and sustainability reporting quality. Large and profitable companies are more likely to prepare comprehensive sustainability reports due to greater resources and higher stakeholder pressures compared to smaller firms. This study contributes to the literature by integrating political, ownership, financial, and organizational factors in explaining sustainability reporting quality. The findings provide practical implications for regulators, investors, and corporate managers in designing effective ESG disclosure strategies and promoting transparency and accountability in public companies.]]>
<![CDATA[MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) IN ATTRACTING PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA ]]>
<![CDATA[Natasha Karina Djati]]>;
<![CDATA[Funny Mustikasari Elita]]>;
<![CDATA[Ira Mirawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4981
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) SY’s marketing communication strategy for attracting prospective students in the 2024/2025 academic year, highlighting key insights for marketing strategies in higher education. Amid intense competition among Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in West Java, SY demonstrated resilience by increasing digital engagement by 20% post-pandemic. This Research employs a qualitative case study approach within a post-positivist paradigm. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that SY successfully implemented a concentrated STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) model by shifting the institutional positioning from a mere 'degree provider' to 'career certainty' through international work-study programs. The integration of social media (Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook) as a persuasion engine proved effective in reaching Generation Z. At the same time, a hybrid management system involving professional creative vendors enhanced the visual quality of content. The study concludes that while digital strategies are highly effective at building awareness, final enrollment decisions remain deeply influenced by social validation and tangible alumni success stories, offering valuable insights for higher education marketing strategies.]]>
<![CDATA[A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF EMERGENCY ON THE CLIMATE CRISIS AND MINING MANAGEMENT ON THE SMALL ISLAND OF SANGIHE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY ]]>
<![CDATA[Muh. Jamil]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Adnan Madjid]]>;
<![CDATA[Anang Puji Utama]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4982
<![CDATA[Study This analyze relatedness between escalation crisis global climate , practices mining , and increasing vulnerability security Indonesian nationals on the islands small outermost with make the small island of Sangihe as studies case strategic . Crisis climate enlarge pressure ecological on the island small ones who have Power support limited at a time mark strategic for sovereignty and integrity of the country's maritime territory , especially when intersecting with mining scale big . Research This use method juridical normative through approach regulation legislation , conceptual , and analysis decision court For evaluate capacity law national in respond threat ecological and non - military findings show that Sangihe Island covering an area of ±73,700 hectares Once burdened concession mining of PT Tambang Mas Sangihe covering an area of ±42,000 hectares which triggered degradation environment , conflict social , and improvement risk climate . Although permission mining has canceled in a way powerful law remain in 2024, activity mine Keep going took place on an area of ±30 hectares by two companies local as proxy operation through scheme partnership with PT TMS. Framework law national , including ratification of the Paris Agreement, decision Supreme Court , and the Constitutional Court in particular consistent forbid mining on the island small with classify it as abnormally dangerous activity, emphasized that practice the is non- military threats to security national and demanding reconstruction policy integrated in situation emergency climate]]>
<![CDATA[BREACH OF CONTRACT AGAINST CONSUMERS IN CREDIT-BASED HOME PURCHASES AT DR HOUSING COMPLEX, BUKITTINGGI CITY ]]>
<![CDATA[Satria Wahyudi]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4984
<![CDATA[This study discusses breach of contract against consumers in purchasing houses on credit at Housing Complex in Bukittinggi City. The purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of breach of contract experienced by consumers and the legal protection provided to the aggrieved consumers. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, involving primary data from observations and interviews, as well as secondary data from legal literature and legislation. The results show that breaches such as delays in house handover and discrepancies in specifications cause both material and immaterial losses for consumers. Informal additional agreements that are not made formally and do not involve official developer parties weaken the consumers’ legal position. Legal protection regulated under the Civil Code and Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection has not been optimally implemented due to consumers’ lack of understanding, informal agreements, and complicated bureaucracy. The study recommends the necessity of formal agreements, increased supervision, legal education, and simplification of dispute resolution processes to strengthen legal protection for consumers of houses purchased on credit.]]>
<![CDATA[THE COMPETENCE OF AGAMA COURT AND ITS RELATION WITH THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS (STUDY OF MARRIAGE DISPENSATION IN THE CLASS I-B AGAMA COURT KISARAN) ]]>
<![CDATA[Diana Evrina Nasution]]>;
<![CDATA[Andoko]]>;
<![CDATA[T. Riza Zarzani]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4985
<![CDATA[This article aimed to examine the legal position of Agama Court in their authority to determine marriage dispensations at the Kisaran Class I-B of Agama Court. By using normative legal research methods, collecting data obtained from library sources. This research found that a marriage dispensation is a legal space to ensure legal justice for the community to obtain legal certainty for marriages conducted under the age of 19, as stipulated in the Indonesian Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974, as Amended by Law No. 19 of 2024. The Supreme Court promulgated Perma No. 5 of 2019 concerning Guiding Adjudication of Marriage Dispensation Application, which emphasizes that, in principle that the best interests of the child are the primary consideration. Of course, the courts are seen as perpetuating child marriage. However, this judicial mechanism actually demonstrates that the courts must adjudicate properly and carefully to ensure that the principle of the best interests of the child in cases where the marriageable age limit deviates from the marriageable age, fulfilling the requirements for establishing a household.]]>
<![CDATA[THE AUTHORITY AND ROLE OF THE REGIONAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN REALIZING CLEAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS IN THE ERA OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY ]]>
<![CDATA[Amos Harita]]>;
<![CDATA[Tamaulina Br. Sembiring]]>;
<![CDATA[Ali Yusran Gea]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4986
<![CDATA[The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 regulates the House of Representatives (DPR) and regional autonomous government. Articles 18 to 18B of the 1945 Constitution discuss the division of regions and the regional government system, and Articles 19 and 20 of the 1945 Constitution regulate the DPR. In Indonesia, the House of Representatives is a state institution representing the people tasked with carrying out legislative, budgeting, and oversight functions over the performance of the government. In relation to local governments, the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) and the local government are equal partners in administering regional governance, where the DPRD has the primary functions of legislation (enacting regional regulations), budgeting (preparing and approving the regional budget), and supervision (overseeing the implementation of regional regulations and local government policies), while the local government (led by the Head of the Region) has the function of executing regional regulations and local policies. They work together synergistically, with open communication, to ensure that development policies and programs meet the needs of the community and are implemented effectively and accountably. With the problem formulation being what are the inhibiting factors faced by the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) in realizing a clean government apparatus in the era of regional autonomy. The purpose of this research is to identify the inhibiting factors faced by the DPRD in realizing a clean government apparatus in the era of regional autonomy. The benefits of the research include academic benefits, theoretical benefits, and practical benefits. The research methods consist of: type of research, nature of research, approach method, data sources (primary legal materials and secondary legal materials), data collection techniques, and data analysis methods. That based on the research results, the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) is not performing its duties optimally due to limitations in human resource quality, lack of knowledge about regulations, procedures, and policies, as well as insufficient DPRD studies and a lack of intention to realize a clean government.]]>
<![CDATA[CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF HOLDING COMPANIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES COMMITTED BY SUBSIDIARIES ]]>
<![CDATA[Arman Candra]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitri Rafianti]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4987
<![CDATA[The structure of multinational corporations has created fundamental juridical challenges regarding criminal liability. The principle of separate legal personality has traditionally insulated holding companies from liability for environmental crimes committed by their subsidiaries, notwithstanding the parent company's dominant operational and economic control. This research examines how various legal systems address this accountability issue through doctrines such as piercing the corporate veil, vicarious liability, and systemic fault models. Furthermore, this study analyzes the effectiveness of the Indonesian legal framework, specifically the Law on Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH, Article 116) and Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2016 (Articles 4(2) and 6), while identifying the causes of implementation gaps. Comparative analysis reveals a global evolution from the restrictive identification doctrine toward a pragmatic organizational fault model. It is found that Indonesia's legal framework is de jure adequate, having adopted functional liability (UUPPLH) and organizational liability (Perma). However, the key finding highlights the absence of de facto jurisprudence due to structural barriers, particularly evidentiary challenges and institutional capacity. In conclusion, this research recommends the adoption of a hybrid prosecution model combining the functional instruments of the UUPPLH and the organizational instruments of Perma 13/2016 as an effective solution to combat holding company impunity.]]>
<![CDATA[THE BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE AS LEGAL PROTECTION FOR DIRECTORS IN BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING ]]>
<![CDATA[Meylinda]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Nurhayati]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4988
<![CDATA[The Business Judgment Rule (BJR) doctrine is an essential pillar of corporate governance. However, its implementation in Indonesia creates legal uncertainty, particularly for Directors of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) who are vulnerable to the criminalization of business decisions as corruption offenses. This study aims to comparatively analyze the implementation of the BJR in Indonesia through an international perspective (Delaware) to identify key challenges. Employing a normative-juridical method with comparative, statutory, and case study approaches, this research maps fundamental differences. The analysis reveals three distinct gaps: (1) A procedural gap, where Indonesia's BJR (Article 97(5) of the Company Law) functions as an affirmative defense rather than a presumption of protection as seen in common law jurisdictions; (2) A functional gap, namely the shift of the BJR’s function from the civil realm to a criminal defense (mens rea); and (3) A contextual gap, where SOE business losses are interpreted as “state losses.” The contrasting dynamics of court decisions (the case of the former President Director of PT. Pertamina vs. Jiwasraya) highlight the failure of the BJR to distinguish error of judgment from bad faith. Consequently, directors tend to become risk averse. This study recommends legislative clarification, harmonization among law enforcement agencies, and the strengthening of internal governance to restore legal certainty.]]>
<![CDATA[THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT MUTIA SARI GENERAL HOSPITAL BENGKALIS REGENCY ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Erwin Soaduan Pohan]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4989
<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the effect of leadership style on employee performance at Mutia Sari General Hospital in Bengkalis Regency. The method used is quantitative with data collection techniques through questionnaires to several employees of Mutia Sari General Hospital. Data analysis was carried out using validity, reliability, normality tests, simple linear regression, hypothesis testing, determination tests (R²), and t-tests. The results of the validity and reliability tests indicate that all research instruments are valid and reliable. The results of the normality test prove that the data are normally distributed. The results of simple linear regression and hypothesis testing indicate that leadership style has a positive effect on employee performance. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.939 indicates that job training contributes 93.9% to improved performance, while the rest is influenced by other factors. The t-test produces a significant value (Sig. > 0.05), so it can be concluded that leadership style has a significant effect on employee performance at Mutia Sari General Hospital. Thus, leadership style is an important factor in improving employee performance.]]>
