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QSAR Analysis and ADMET Prediction of Tamoxifen Derivatives Using LFER Hansch Model Andzar Fikranus Shofa; Rawwdha Luthfi Nur Muhammad; Norma Adityaningsih Prameswari; Sendi Handika Putra; Aisyah Afifah Setiawan; Dhia Salsabila Rizki
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v7i2.49191

Tamoxifen is a pharmaceutical compound that can be widely used in the therapeutic regimen for breast cancer, particularly for postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, this clinical efficacy is frequently diminished and limited due to the emergence of drug resistance and heterogeneous therapeutic impacts with different degrees of severity. This has led to the discovery of structurally connected compounds that are more effective than tamoxifen. The current research study describes QSAR modeling and predicting the ADMET parameters of tamoxifen derivatives for the treatment of breast cancer. SPSS software was used for analysis of multiple linear regression and found the pIC50 = -0.059CLogP + 0.759LUMO - 0.011MR + 3.444. Model validation yielded R = 0.921, R² = 0.848 and Q² = 0.651, which suggests high predictability. The most important characteristic being LUMO energy, the second most important descriptor was followed by CLogP and MR. The ADMET prediction showed high intestinal absorption values (HIA > 90%) and satisfactory permeability over skin. Water solubility was impaired but also low. The metabolism of compounds seemed to predominantly occur via CYP3A4 enzyme. However, LD50 values were of acceptable size, ranging from 324 to 3000 mg/kg (within the safety profile). The findings of this work will thus show help in designing anticancer tamoxifen derivative products with the least toxicity. Additional structural optimization is advocated to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit and least toxicity.

Exploration and Inventory of Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Medicinal Plants in Ternate: Tracing the Traditional Pharmacy Heritage of the Spice Islands Lina Elfita; Hijria Abd Gani; Ismiarni Komala
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v7i2.49235

The ethnobotanical wisdom of the Ternate community represents a rich heritage of traditional healing practices that are deeply rooted in the interaction between people and nature. However, the modernization of the healthcare system and cultural shifts have increasingly threatened the continuity of this indigenous knowledge. This study aimed to explore and inventory the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants traditionally used in the Ternate region as part of an effort to preserve the traditional pharmacy legacy of the Spice Islands. Data were collected through field-observations, semi-structured interviews with traditional healers, local residents, and plant specimen documentation. A purposive sample of 29 traditional healers was recruited for this study, based on their presumed expertise in medicinal plant knowledge. The study identified 70 medicinal plant species belonging to 40 families, which are empirically used to treat common ailments such as fever, digestive disorders, wounds, insomnia, diabetes mellitus, and urinary stones. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (approximately 64%) followed by roots and barks, with decocting being the dominant preparation method. Several endemic species have demonstrated pharmacological potential, consistent with findings in contemporary scientific literature, indicating promising opportunities for bioprospecting. This research highlights that preserving ethnobotanical knowledge is not merely a cultural duty but also a scientific imperative for sustainable natural product development rooted in Ternate’s local wisdom.

Peran Tenaga Kefarmasian Dalam Pelayanan Penyakit Faringitis Di Apotek Wilayah X Propinsi Banten Yardi Saibi; Suci Ahda Novitri; Erza Agustia
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v7i2.49343

Pharyngitis, or sore throat inflammation, is a disease generally caused by a virus and can heal on its own within a few days. However, symptoms such as pain when swallowing can cause discomfort for patients. Patients often come to the pharmacy to get medication without first consulting a doctor. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of pharmacists in region X in Banten province in providing pharmaceutical services to patients who come with complaints of sore throat. This study is a cross-sectional study using a survey method. Data collection methods were carried out using two methods, the first is participatory observation where researchers and observers acted as patients visiting selected pharmacies by conveying the complaints in question based on the scenario created. The second method was conducting interviews with pharmaceutical personnel at pharmacies in one of the selected areas who met the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that in the patient simulation method: methyl prednisolone was the most frequently prescribed drug (52%), followed by lozenges containing dequalinium chloride (32%), the most frequently asked questions by pharmaceutical personnel when assessing patients were the symptoms experienced (63%) followed by the patient's age (53%). Meanwhile, in the interview method, lozenges containing dequalinium chloride were the most frequently prescribed medication (78%), followed by methylprednisolone (46%). The most frequently asked questions during patient assessment were the patient's age (98%), followed by the duration of symptoms experienced (96%). The drug's usage information was the most frequently conveyed information in both methods. The patient assessment process and drug information provided to patients in the interview method were better than in the simulated patient method. In general, pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists to patients with sore throat problems are still not optimal and need to be improved

Quantitative Evaluation of Antibiotic Utilization Using the ATC/DDD and DU90% Methods and Length of Hospital Stay Among Pediatric and Adult Pneumonia Patients in Bima Jihan Istiqomah; Azrifitria; Marvel
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v7i2.49345

The primary treatment modality for pneumonia is antibiotic therapy, yet improper use can accelerate bacterial resistance and diminish therapeutic effectiveness. The study aims to evaluate the patterns of antibiotic utilization among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with pneumonia in a hospital in Bima City, as well as to examine the factors influencing the length of hospital stay during the period of January to August 2020. The evaluation employed the WHO ATC/DDD methodology combined with DU 90% analysis using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were obtained retrospectively from medical records, and total sampling. A total of 95 patients met the inclusion criteria, representing all age categories with complete and legible documentation. Quantitative analysis showed that the total antibiotic consumption in pediatric patients reached 39.27 DDD per 100 patient-days, while in adult patients it reached 121.26 DDD per 100 patient-days. Ceftriaxone was the antibiotic with the highest DDD value in pediatric patients and adult patients, with 19.53 and 98.00 DDD/100 patient-days respectively. In the pediatric group, antibiotics within the DU 90 percent segment comprised ceftriaxone, gentamicin, cefotaxime, and azithromycin, whereas in adults, the DU 90 percent segment included ceftriaxone and azithromycin. A total of 97.6 percent of prescriptions were aligned with the hospital formulary. The bivariate analysis indicates that the presence of comorbidities is significantly associated with the length of hospital stay among pneumonia patients (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, patient age and nutritional status did not show a significant association (p > 0.05). Overall, the findings demonstrate a predominance of ceftriaxone use in the management of pneumonia in the hospital. These results highlight the importance of ongoing quantitative surveillance to monitor prescribing trends, and support implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs to minimize resistance risk and maintain optimal therapeutic outcomes. Keywords: Antibiotic use; Antimicrobial Stewardship Program; ATC/DDD; Ceftriaxone; DU 90%; Pneumonia

Korelasi Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Pasien dalam Penggunaan NSAIDs untuk Swamedikasi Nyeri di Apotek Zainul Islam; Lulu Isra Safira
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v7i2.49682

The use of drugs for self-medication without proper knowledge and behavior can have a negative impact. This study explores the relationship between knowledge and behavior of patients self-medicating for pain at Serang City pharmacies. This study adopted cross-sectional research and sampling using purposive sampling. The level of knowledge and behavior was assessed using a questionnaire. This study included a total of 222 respondents (age 18-59 years) who were using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and had taken them for the previous 3 months. The analysis of the relationship between knowledge and behavior was measured using the Spearman rho test. The results of showed a sufficient level of knowledge of the respondents (59.9%) with responsible behavior (57.2%). Spearman rho correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and behavior with a fairly strong correlation value (r = 0.715) in a positive direction. The higher the knowledge in self-medication, the better the behavior will be.

Mikroenkapsulasi Daun Pala Menggunakan Maltodekstrin dan Gom Arab dengan Teknik Spray Drying Sabrina Dahlizar; Della Irsalina; Nelly Suryani; Ofa Suzanti Betha; Estu Mahanani Dhilasari; Sofa Fajriah; Maulina Handayani; Mutia Sari Wardana
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v8i1.46181

Nutmeg leaves (Myristica fragrans H.) are a rich source of various types of phenolic compounds that have exhibited a strong correlation with antioxidant capacity. The inherent instability of phenolic compounds poses significant challenges for their application in the pharmaceutical sector. Spray–drying microencapsulation has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these challenges. The research aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant activity of the spray-dried microcapsule of nutmeg leaves. There are variations in extract: encapsulant concentration, including FM-1 (1:2), FM-2 (1:3), and FM-3 (1:4), with a 1:1 encapsulant ratio between maltodextrin and gum arabic. The spray-dried nutmeg leaves were evaluated for morphology, particle size distribution, yield, moisture content, flowability, angle of repose, and encapsulation efficiency. Additionally, antioxidant activity tests were conducted using the DPPH method. The research showed that microcapsules of each formula have spherical and wrinkled shapes. The characteristics of the microcapsules for each formula yield 29.63%, 33.23%, and 33.85%, with moisture content of 7.31%, 9.32%, and 10.01%. The particle sizes measured were 4.58 μm, 5.55 μm, and 7.16 μm; flow rates were 0.59 g/s, 0.75 g/s, and 1.04 g/s; angles of repose were 41.71 °, 37.7 °, and 36.72 °, respectively (FM-1, FM-2, FM-3). The encapsulation efficiencies were 46.63%, 34.32%, 25.66%, respectively. The nutmeg leaves extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 36.1 ppm. In contrast, the antioxidant activity of the microcapsules was relatively weak, with IC50 values of 239.07 ppm, 555.29 ppm, and 755.84 ppm, respectively (FM-1, FM-2, FM-3). This study showed that the spray-dried microcapsules of nutmeg leaves from the three formulas have morphologies, particle size distribution, angle of repose, and moisture content that met the requirements. However, the yield, flow rate, and encapsulation efficiency have not met the requirements.

Anti-Anemia Effect of Red Beetroot and Roselle Extract Combination with NaNO2 Induction in White Rats Nina Herlina; Moerfiah; Nadya Putri Utamai
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v8i1.49813

Anemia remains a major global health problem characterized by reduced erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit levels, often resulting from iron deficiency and oxidative stress. Plant-based alternatives with proven hematological efficacy offer promising therapeutic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-anemic effect of combined red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts in sodium nitrite (NaNO₂)-induced anemic rats and to determine the most effective combination ratio. The extracts were prepared by maceration using 70% ethanol. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats (±200 g body weight (BW) were randomly divided into six groups: negative control (Na-CMC), positive control (blood supplement tablet), roselle flower extract (40 mg/200 g BW), and three combination groups consisting of beetroot–roselle extracts at ratios of 1:2 (90 mg + 80 mg/200 g BW), 2:1 (180 mg + 40 mg/200 g BW), and 1:1 (90 mg + 40 mg/200 g BW). Anemia was induced using NaNO₂ for 14 days, followed by oral treatment for another 14 days. Hematological parameters, including erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value, were measured on days 0, 7, and 14 of treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). NaNO₂ induction significantly reduced erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels, confirming successful anemia induction. All treatment groups showed significant hematological improvement compared to the negative control (P<0.05). Roselle extract alone produced the highest hemoglobin increase (84.1%), whereas combination treatments resulted in greater erythrocyte recovery. The beetroot–roselle combination at a 2:1 ratio demonstrated the most balanced improvement across erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit parameters. In conclusion, the combination of beetroot and roselle extracts exhibited synergistic anti-anemia activity, likely associated with enhanced iron utilization and antioxidant effects, with the 2:1 ratio showing the most favorable overall hematological response.

Assessing Patient Satisfaction and Sociodemographic Determinants in Outpatient Pharmaceutical Care Dian Ayu Juwita; Chofifah Putri Isnania Syaiful; Dita Permatasari
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v8i1.51282

Abstract: Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of pharmaceutical service quality, reflecting the interaction between healthcare providers and patients. The shift from drug-oriented to patient-oriented care requires healthcare professionals to improve service quality to meet patient needs and expectations. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at the Outpatient Pharmacy of Semen Padang Hospital and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, education, occupation, and payment type. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach using the Larson questionnaire as the research instrument. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Spearman tests. The study involved 391 patients who met the inclusion criteria at the Outpatient Pharmacy of Semen Padang Hospital. Most respondents were female (67.3%), adults (81.1%), had a high school education (37.1%), were unemployed (65.7%), and used BPJS insurance (82.1%). Overall, patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services was categorized as “satisfied” with a mean score of 3.87. The Friendly Explanation dimension showed a higher score (3.95) than the Managing Therapy dimension (3.77). Gender, age, and occupation did not affect patient satisfaction (p>0.05), while education and payment type affected patient satisfaction (p<0.05). Overall, patients at the Outpatient Pharmacy of Semen Padang Hospital were satisfied with the pharmaceutical services provided, indicating good service quality and positive patient perceptions toward pharmaceutical care. Keywords: Outpatient Pharmacy, Patient Satisfaction, Pharmacy Services, Sociodemographic Characteristics

The Effect of Purified Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) and Vitamin C on Aspartate Aminotransherase (AST) Levels of Male White Mice Yoneta Srangenge; Annisatulkhairat Annisatulkhairat; Almahdy Almahdy
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v8i1.43581

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purified gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.), vitamin C, and their combination on AST levels in male mice subjected to maximal physical activity. Twenty-five male albino mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=5/group): normal control, maximal physical activity control, purified gambir 200 mg/kg body weight + maximal physical activity, vitamin C 65 mg/kg body weight + maximal physical activity, and a combination of purified gambir 100 mg/kg body weight and vitamin C 32.5 mg/kg body weight + maximal physical activity. Treatments were administered orally for 7 days. On day 8, maximal physical activity was induced by forced swimming for approximately 15 min. Serum AST levels were measured photometrically at 340 nm. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene’s test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and exploratory Mann-Whitney U test. The mean serum AST levels in Groups I, II, III, IV, and V were 141.4 ± 5.98, 146.6 ± 6.88, 122.6 ± 14.26, 124.8 ± 9.96, and 118.8 ± 6.46 IU/L, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant overall difference among groups (p=0.007). Descriptively, the purified gambir, vitamin C, and combination groups showed lower AST levels than the maximal physical activity group. The combination group showed the lowest mean AST level; however, no significant difference was found between the combination group and the single-treatment groups in exploratory pairwise analysis. Purified gambir, vitamin C, and their combination were associated with lower serum AST levels in male mice subjected to maximal physical activity compared with the physical activity-only group. Although the combination treatment showed the lowest mean AST level, its statistical superiority over purified gambir alone or vitamin C alone was not demonstrated. These findings suggest a potential protective effect against exercise-associated tissue stress, although further studies using larger sample sizes and more specific biomarkers are needed.

Model Konseptual Pendidikan Farmasi Berbasis Worldview Islam dan Tibb Nabawi Ofa Suzanti Betha; Maemunah Sa'diyah; Budi Handrianto
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v8i1.49190

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purified gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.), vitamin C, and their combination on AST levels in male mice subjected to maximal physical activity. Twenty-five male albino mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=5/group): normal control, maximal physical activity control, purified gambir 200 mg/kg body weight + maximal physical activity, vitamin C 65 mg/kg body weight + maximal physical activity, and a combination of purified gambir 100 mg/kg body weight and vitamin C 32.5 mg/kg body weight + maximal physical activity. Treatments were administered orally for 7 days. On day 8, maximal physical activity was induced by forced swimming for approximately 15 min. Serum AST levels were measured photometrically at 340 nm. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene’s test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and exploratory Mann-Whitney U test. The mean serum AST levels in Groups I, II, III, IV, and V were 141.4 ± 5.98, 146.6 ± 6.88, 122.6 ± 14.26, 124.8 ± 9.96, and 118.8 ± 6.46 IU/L, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant overall difference among groups (p=0.007). Descriptively, the purified gambir, vitamin C, and combination groups showed lower AST levels than the maximal physical activity group. The combination group showed the lowest mean AST level; however, no significant difference was found between the combination group and the single-treatment groups in exploratory pairwise analysis. Purified gambir, vitamin C, and their combination were associated with lower serum AST levels in male mice subjected to maximal physical activity compared with the physical activity-only group. Although the combination treatment showed the lowest mean AST level, its statistical superiority over purified gambir alone or vitamin C alone was not demonstrated. These findings suggest a potential protective effect against exercise-associated tissue stress, although further studies using larger sample sizes and more specific biomarkers are needed.

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Contact Name
Ismiarni Komala

Contact Email
pbsj@uinjkt.ac.id

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+6282125509705

Journal Mail Official
pbsj@uinjkt.ac.id

Editorial Address
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Jl. Kertamukti No. 5, Pisangan, Ciputat 15412 Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia Telp: (62-21)74716718 Fax: (62-21) 7404985

Location
Kota tangerang selatan,

Banten

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Ismiarni Komala

Contact Email pbsj@uinjkt.ac.id

Phone +6282125509705

Journal Mail Official pbsj@uinjkt.ac.id

Editorial Address Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Jl. Kertamukti No. 5, Pisangan, Ciputat 15412 Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia Telp: (62-21)74716718 Fax: (62-21) 7404985

Location Kota tangerang selatan, Banten INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Ismiarni Komala

Contact Email
pbsj@uinjkt.ac.id

Phone
+6282125509705

Journal Mail Official
pbsj@uinjkt.ac.id

Editorial Address
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Jl. Kertamukti No. 5, Pisangan, Ciputat 15412 Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia Telp: (62-21)74716718 Fax: (62-21) 7404985

Location
Kota tangerang selatan,

Banten

INDONESIA