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ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro
Published by Universitas Tanjungpura
ISSN : 18581463     EISSN : 25806807     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26418
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
The ELKHA publishes high-quality scientific journals related to Electrical and Computer Engineering and is associated with FORTEI (Forum Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik Elektro Indonesia / Indonesian Electrical Engineering Higher Education Forum). The scope of this journal covers the theory development, design and applications on Automatic Control, Electronics, Power and Energy Systems, Telecommunication, Informatics, and Industrial Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Listrik dan Elektro
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025" : 17 Documents clear
Optimalization of Load Balancing using Fuzzy Logic to Power Lost Costs in a 1 MVA Transformer Liliana, Liliana; Ullah, Aulia; Aini, Zulfatri
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.97809

Abstract

The 1 MVA transformer at UIN Suska Riau has experienced severe load imbalance, resulting in significant power losses, excessive neutral current, and reduced efficiency that accelerates insulation degradation and shortens its service life. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on static phase balancing or software-based estimations, this research introduces a real-time load balancing strategy using Fuzzy Logic and projects power loss costs over 10 years. Real-time current measurements were collected over eight consecutive days under peak load conditions and processed through a MATLAB-based Fuzzy Logic system employing triangular membership functions and expert-defined inference rules. The research methodology includes load balancing, calculation of power losses and operational costs, and a comparison of pre- and post-balancing conditions. The results indicate a 95.58% reduction in load imbalance and more than 90% decrease in power losses. Furthermore, the 10-year projection analysis shows long-term operational cost savings of up to 99.65%, while the method also contributes to extending transformer lifetime by preventing overheating and insulation deterioration. The proposed approach enables utilities to mitigate neutral current, reduce energy losses, and lower operating costs across distribution networks.
Techno-Economic Study of a Hybrid Solar-Diesel-BESS Power System in Remote Island, Indonesia: Reducing Energy Costs and Carbon Emissions Umar, Abdullah; Husnayain, Faiz; Rahmat, Ade; Yusmar, Yusmar
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.93893

Abstract

The primary goal of this study is to conduct a comprehensive study of the viability of deploying a Photovoltaic-Diesel Hybrid system on Kaleroang Island, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The focus of this study is to identify the system configuration that is able to generate the lowest cost of energy and the lowest emissions. Five distinct scenarios are formulated for development. Scenario A encompasses fully diesel generator (DG), scenario B hybrid system DG and photovoltaic (PV), scenario C includes DG integrated with battery storage, scenario D includes DG, PV, and battery configuration, and scenario E includes PV with Battery. A comprehensive techno-economic study was performed to rigorously ascertain which of these system configurations demonstrates the highest competitiveness in terms of cost-effectiveness and operational viability. The results indicate that scenario D, characterized by a net present cost (NPC) of $5,460,903, exhibits a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.264/kWh, the lowest among the other scenarios. This configuration has been demonstrated to reduce fuel usage, thereby decreasing CO2 emissions by 32.9%. Furthermore, to ensure optimal results, it is imperative to calibrate the PV tilt angle within the range of 3Ëš to 6Ëš, with the orientation of the PV facing north.
Performance Evaluation and QoS Optimization of LTE-WLAN Aggregation in Small Cell Networks Wijanto, Eddy; Sutanto, Kevin
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.96367

Abstract

The rapid surge in mobile data traffic continues to strain cellular networks, especially in dense urban areas where spectrum resources are limited. Long Term Evolution"“Wireless Local Area Network (LTE-WLAN) Aggregation (LWA), standardized in 3GPP Release 13, provides a promising approach by enabling simultaneous use of licensed LTE and unlicensed Wi-Fi bands. This study evaluates the performance and quality of service (QoS) of LWA in a small cell setting, focusing on the optimization of LTE-to-WLAN traffic ratios. A practical testbed was deployed using an ITRI LTE small cell, a Wi-Fi access point, and dual-connectivity user equipment (UE). Experiments were conducted under multiple aggregation ratios (1:1, 1:3, 2:1), user mobility scenarios, and real-world applications such as YouTube streaming. Key QoS indicators, including throughput, jitter, and bandwidth, were measured with iPerf and Network-Draw tools. Results indicate that a 1:3 LTE-to-WLAN ratio consistently delivers the best throughput and efficient spectrum use, particularly when UEs are located near the Wi-Fi access point. Moreover, application-level buffering and adaptive bitrate mechanisms successfully mitigate lower-layer fluctuations, ensuring seamless video playback. The novelty of this work lies in its real-world dual-user experiments, demonstrating how spatial proximity and traffic distribution jointly influence QoS in small cell environments, thereby offering practical insights for next-generation heterogeneous networks. These findings provide actionable guidance for network operators, showing how optimal traffic ratios and user proximity considerations can be applied to improve QoS, reduce congestion, and support high-bandwidth applications in real-world small cell deployments.
IoT-Based Application Design for Battery Discharge Condition With C-Rate Variation Saputra, Riza Hadi; Giyantara, Andhika; Dewanto, Muhammad Ridho; Sawung, Jheskia Ardito
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.96225

Abstract

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are one of the most widely used energy storage technologies due to their advantages in high energy density, fast rechargeability, and efficiency. However, behind these advantages lie the weaknesses of lithium-ion batteries, namely that their performance and lifespan are greatly influenced by factors such as C-rate and lithium-ion battery temperature. A high C-rate can increase temperature and accelerate battery degradation, while a low C-rate tends to result in lower temperatures and more optimal capacity. This study aims to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based State of Charge (SoC) monitoring system capable of real-time battery condition monitoring. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a voltage sensor, an ACS712 current sensor, and an LM35 temperature sensor. The collected data is sent to Firebase and displayed through an Android application based on MIT App Inventor. The study focused on discharge cycles with varying C-rates: 1C, C/2, C/5, C/10, and C/20. SoC estimation was performed using the coulomb counting method. The results showed that as the C-rate decreases, the obtained capacity tends to increase, even exceeding the nominal capacity at C/20. Accuracy evaluation using RMSE yielded error values ranging from 0.12% to 4.04%. This system can serve as an effective solution for IoT-based battery monitoring
Analysis and Design of Irrigation Pumps Using Hybrid Solar-Grid Energy with Arduino Uno Control Mangera, Paulus; Cipto, Cipto
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.93635

Abstract

The need for a reliable water supply system and encourages the development of renewable energy technology based on solar power. This study designs and builds a hybrid solar-grid energy system to operate a 12V submersible pump based on an Arduino Uno microcontroller that combines a 200 Wp solar panel energy source and a grid electricity source, with a PWM charge controller and energy storage using a 12V 70Ah lead-acid battery. The 125W submersible pump is the main load for water distribution. Photovoltaic Power Output (PVOUT) map data, Merauke Region has an average annual solar energy potential of 1600"“1800 kWh/kWp, indicating high feasibility for implementing a solar power system. Arduino Uno is used to control the automatic switching system between solar energy and the grid based on the battery voltage level. The test results show that the system is able to operate the pump effectively in sunny conditions without full dependence on the grid, and can switch automatically when the energy from the solar panel is insufficient. The amount of energy coming from the 200 WP solar cell (Pin) is 952.03 W, the amount of energy released by the 200 WP solar cell (Pout) is 145.20 W, with a solar panel efficiency of 15.2%, the average radiation intensity during testing is 732.33 W/m ² with a maximum temperature of 31 °C.
Integration of Matlab and LabVIEW for the Simulation of an AVR in a 1.1 kVA Synchronous Generator Mulyanto, Widodo Pudji; Leci, Geraldi; Sulistiawati, Irrine Budi
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.97417

Abstract

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) in the system functions to regulate and stabilize the output voltage of the synchronous generator to remain constant, even in the event of load changes or system conditions. This research uses a software-based approach by integrating LabVIEW data acquisition to measure the actual input and output voltages of the generator and to create the transfer function along with its simulation using Matlab. The Automatic Voltage Regulator used is designed for a 1.1 kVA synchronous generator, Delorenzo DL 1026A. Simulation in Simulink is performed to analyze the system response towards changes in the load using PID as the controller. With the auto-tuned values of Kp = 1.815, Ki = 288.290, and Kd = 0, the system maintained voltage stability under disturbances of 0.1 pu, 0.25 pu, and 0.5 pu. The developed AVR was able to respond to load changes quickly and maintain the stability of the generator"™s output voltage by showing relatively small steady-state error indicated with steady state conditions for 0.00018 pu, 0.00024 pu, and 0.00033 pu in every load change. This phenomenon proves the PID controller resulting from the proposed method is capable of maintaining the voltage magnitude according to the load changes that occur. This research is expected to serve as a basis development of a more reliable and adaptive voltage control system for small-scale generators.
Application of Anti-Collision Visual Detection Algorithm in Warehouse Management System Using Raspberry Pi Hidayati, Qory; Sari, Danar Retno; Prastya, Muhammad Ramadhan
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.93069

Abstract

Ensuring safety and efficiency at warehouse intersections has become increasingly vital in the era of automation and intelligent logistics. This study proposes a vision-based anti-collision traffic management system tailored to the dynamic warehouse environment. By combining YOLOv5 object detection with a real-time microcontroller-based actuation system, the system detects and prioritizes movement between forklifts and pedestrians. Four webcams positioned at warehouse intersections transmit visual data to a Raspberry Pi 4, which performs object detection and decision-making based on predefined priority rules. Actuation is executed via Arduino Uno and Nano for signaling "GO" or "STOP" using running text displays and buzzers. The system achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 94.7% and a response latency below 500 milliseconds, enabling safe, real-time operation. Experimental results demonstrated high detection accuracy and effective prioritization logic in four operational scenarios. Compared to traditional sensor-based systems, this approach is more cost-effective, scalable, and adaptable to real-world warehouse conditions. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of modular computer vision, decentralized microcontroller-based actuation, and intelligent traffic prioritization within a low-cost architecture"”features rarely combined in prior industrial safety solutions. Beyond warehouse environments, the proposed system is highly adaptable to other industrial settings such as factories, loading docks, and construction zones, where dynamic human"“machine interactions demand similar real-time visual monitoring and signaling. This work lays a foundation for smart industrial ecosystems, with future extensions toward IoT integration, predictive analytics, and reinforcement learning"“based decision-making.
Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on Performance Efficiency in Three Phase Transformers Nugraha, Yoga Tri; Pangestu, Adam; Wardani, Sumita; Irwanto, Muhammad; Pasaribu, Faisal Irsan; Evalina, Noorly
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.92879

Abstract

Transformers are essential components in electrical power distribution systems, and their performance is significantly influenced by operating temperature. High temperatures can lead to increased power losses, particularly copper losses, which reduce transformer efficiency. This research examines the impact of temperature on the efficiency of three-phase transformers, focusing on copper losses and the role of cooling systems in maintaining optimal performance. Using a combination of Thermovision infrared imaging and MATLAB simulations, this research introduces a novel integrated approach to correlate real-time thermal data with theoretical modeling of transformer losses. Unlike previous research that relies solely on either simulation or temperature sensors, the use of Thermovision provides spatially resolved, non-invasive temperature measurements that validate and enhance the accuracy of MATLAB-based thermal-electrical models. The results reveal that the operational temperature of 52.9 °C, as detected by Thermovision, is within safe limits; however, higher temperatures significantly decrease efficiency. The efficiency drops from 92.8% at 25 °C to 90.4% at 120 °C. The exponential trend in copper losses with temperature rise underscores the critical role of effective cooling and temperature monitoring systems. While the magnetic flux remains constant, maintaining lower operating temperatures is essential to prevent premature damage and extend transformer lifespan. Thermovision results were used to validate the simulations. Despite small discrepancies, the consistent pattern provides confidence that the simulation model is sufficiently accurate for performance prediction.
Evaluation of RSSI-Based Distance Estimation with ESP32 BLE Modules for Indoor Asset Tracking Al-Maktary, Omar; Susanto, Misfa; Mardiana, Mardiana
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.97739

Abstract

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a technology used for asset tracking, offering low power consumption and compatibility with embedded systems such as the ESP32. This paper evaluates the accuracy and reliability of Received Signal Strength Indicator based distance estimation using ESP32 BLE modules in three environmental conditions: clear line-of-sight, wall obstruction, and mobile tracking. It presents an empirical analysis of ESP32-specific RSSI limitations across these scenarios. The log-distance path loss model was employed, using a reference RSSI of -47 dBm at 1 meter and a path loss exponent of 2. Experiments were conducted with a BLE tag device (Asset_Tag_01) broadcasting BLE signals, while an ESP32 reader device collected RSSI data via Arduino IDE. Results indicate reliable estimation within 4 meters with under 25% error in line-of-sight conditions. However, beyond 5 meters, particularly in obstructed environments, RSSI values fluctuated significantly, causing distance overestimation. Wall obstructions resulted in an immediate 6 dBm signal degradation at just 1 meter. Packet loss increased from 0% at short distances to 50% at 8.5 meters. In mobile tracking, signal strength showed sudden jumps, complicating movement detection. These findings highlight that RSSI alone is not reliable for precise tracking. To improve accuracy, particularly in real-world settings like healthcare or industrial environments, further studies should explore advanced methods like Kalman filtering combining data from multiple sensors.
Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy Integration for Reliable and Cost Efficient of Isolated System Ardhyantoro, Novan Iman; Husnayain, Faiz
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.93891

Abstract

Nusmapi Island is one of Indonesia's isolated islands that rely on Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) with a capacity of 20 kW to meet the electricity needs of its 50 customers. However, this PLTD only operates 12 hours a day due to high operational costs, reaching IDR 215,240,980/year with fuel consumption of 20,889 liters of diesel, equivalent to 17.56 tons with a COE of IDR 7,132/kWh in 2023. The reliance on diesel generators exacerbates ecological harm by releasing COâ‚‚ emissions"”a critical contradiction to Indonesia"™s nationally determined contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, which mandates carbon neutrality by 2060. This research seeks to determine the most effective hybrid energy system design and configuration for Nusmapi Island, evaluating both technical feasibility and economic viability. The technical feasibility was assessed based on the unmet electric load, while the economic feasibility was evaluated using operational costs and the Cost of Energy (COE). The analysis indicates that the optimal system configuration comprises a 8,1-kW solar photovoltaic array, a 20-kW diesel generator, a 12-kW inverter, and five battery units housed within a single compartment. This configuration in real implementation will be able to produce 61,193 kWh/year, thereby increasing the power hours to 24 hours and reducing the unmet electric load to 0%. It will have a COE of IDR 3,280/kWh and will result in a fuel consumption reduction of 3,661 liters/year and operational costs of IDR 30,692,119/year. In addition, this configuration has environmental advantages with a renewable fraction reaching 18.3%

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