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Nurnadiyah Syuhada
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Prodi Ilmu Falak - Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Jl. Gajah Mada 100, Jempong – Kota Mataram,Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB).
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Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram
ISSN : 26850176     EISSN : 27220176     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20414/afaq.v3i2
Core Subject : Science, Social,
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Jurnal Al-Afaq merupakan jurnal yang dibentuk oleh Prodi Ilmu Falak Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Mataram. Jurnal ini membahas keilmuan Ilmu Falak terkait kajian arah kiblat, Hisab dan Rukyah awal Bulan Hijriah, Kalender Dunia dan Fenomena Gerhana. Selain itu, jurnal Al-Afaq juga membahas kaitan antara fenomena astronomi umum dengan kajian ilmu falak.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 191 Documents
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Historiography of Imkan ar-Ru'yah Thought Sayid Uthman bin Yahya Salsabila, Nazilah
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.11371

Abstract

The difference in determining the beginning of the lunar month is still a matter in society whether to use hisab or ru'yah, therefore the government has proposed the concept of imkan ar-ru'yah in order to unite the rukyat and hisab schools of thought. The criteria for imkan ar-ru'yah in question are when the Hilal is at an altitude of 3 degrees and an elongation of 6.4 degrees. This criterion is very different from the criteria for Imkan ar-ru'yah of Sayid Utsman, a classical Indonesian falak scholar. Utsman said that the Hilal can only be seen when it has a minimum altitude of 7 degrees. From here there is a gap between the imkan ar-ru'yah that applies now and the criteria for imkan ar-ru'yah proposed by Sayid Utsman. This article discusses how the criteria for Imkan ar-ru'yah of Sayid Utsman were valid at that time and the relevance of Sayid Utsman's thoughts on imkan ar-ru'yah in the present day. This paper refers to qualitative data collected using documentation methods to determine the criteria for imkan ar-ru'yah of Sayid Utsman at his time and the relevance of the criteria for imkan ar-ru'yah of Sayid Utsman at the present time. It was found that according to Sayid Utsman Imkan ar-ru'yah is at a height of 7 degrees under certain conditions and sometimes even reaches 8 degrees, using the hakiki takribi calculation system to determine the position of the Hilal. This calculation system has high accuracy and is applied by the wider community at that time, but if brought to the present day, this calculation system has been replaced by a more accurate hisab system, namely the contemporary hakiki.
Syamsul Anwar’s Vision: Establishing a Unified Global Islamic Calendar Arafat, Muhammad; Budiwati, Anisah
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.11438

Abstract

This article examines Syamsul Anwar's endeavours to promote the unification of the global Hijri calendar, which is essential for aligning Islamic religious observances, including Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. Discrepancies in establishing the commencement of the Hijri month, especially in Indonesia, arise from the contrasting methodologies employed by Nahdatul Ulama, which relies on rukyat (moon sighting), and Muhammadiyah, which utilizes hisab (astronomical calculations). Syamsul Anwar's methods aims to amalgamate these techniques via five fundamental principles: acknowledgement of hisab, transference of imkanu rukyat, the cohesion of matlak, worldwide synchronization of days and dates, and acknowledgement of the International Date Line. The study employs qualitative methodologies, such as observation, interviews, and document analysis, to comprehend Anwar's perspectives. Notwithstanding extensive backing from Islamic astronomy professors, obstacles persist in Indonesia owing to the cultural importance of rukyat. This study suggests that additional research and discourse are necessary to reconcile these disparities and establish a worldwide unified Hijri calendar, thereby minimizing inconsistencies in religious rituals throughout the Muslim world.
The Systematic Implications of the Hijri Calendar in the Caliph Umar bin Khattab’s Period for the Present Amajida, Shafira
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.11449

Abstract

This article explains the origin of the history of the preparation of the Hijri calendar calendar system during the Caliph Umar bin Khattab. This preparation was initiated by Umar bin Khattab when he received a letter of letter sent by Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari regarding time, in this case the month and year of writing his letter. The author uses a qualitative method with a historical approach based on library research by collecting data from primary sources, namely from the book of al-Muntazham fi dating al-muluk wa al-umban and secondary sources analyzed and then verified to obey a historical event to be easily understood. In his journey to formulate a calendar, Umar bin Khattab encountered many differences of opinion among friends. The considerations made by Umar bin Khattab are not solely for personal interests, but for the interests of the people. Therefore, the systematic calendar of Hijri is a way of synifying God's religion
Differentiation of Methods for Determining the Beginning of the Month of Muharram 1446 H in the Perspective of Islamic Law Muhammad Abdul Aziz; Ahmad Izzuddin; Muhyar Fanani; Ahmad Adib Rofiudin
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11457

Abstract

The report of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia on the determination of the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H which falls on Sunday raises differences with perukyat and hisab from Nahdhatul Ulama' which makes disputes among Muslim communities. The purpose of this research, to complete a deficiency in existing studies by looking back at how the method of determining the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H has been implemented by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia and Nahdhatul Ulama' has been realized or not, has opened a place of difference. This writing uses a normative legal method, which uses an Islamic Law approach.  And this research uses primary data which includes in-depth interviews with academics from lecturers, students, and Muslim communities. The results obtained show that there are factors of differentiation in the method of determining the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H due to the existence of different provisions. The Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia sets the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H or on July 07, 2024 because the hilal is above the MABIMS criteria. And Nahdhotul Ulama' set the date of July 8, 2024 based on the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. It is Nahdhotul Ulama' to normalize the calculation of the moon to be even 30 days in determining the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H.
Astronomical Review of the Pandita Board (Wong-Wong and Tike Lime) in Determining Good Days in Banyu Urip Village Namira, Namira Marizkia Milinia; Eva Puspitasari
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.11537

Abstract

The Pandita board is an ancestral heritage that has functions such as determining a good time for traveling, farming, or performing rituals. The Sasak community knows this board as Warige and is an interesting topic to discuss because the calculation results are quite accurate with modern astronomical calculations, where the calculation system refers to the movement of the Moon. This research aims to understand the system of determining good days using the Pandita Board (Wong-wong and Tike Lime), and analyze it based on the phases of the Moon. This research is field research with a qualitative approach. The data collection methods used are direct observation, unstructured interviews, and documentation using qualitative descriptive analysis methods. The results of this study are the system of determining good days using Papan Pandita seen from 3 concepts, namely, referring to the Rowot Sasak calendar which is the same as the urfi lunar calendar which has a month number of 29 or 30 days, calculating days, dates, and human characters using wong-wong and calculating time or hours using tike lime. Meanwhile, the determination of good days based on Papan Pandita is influenced by astronomical observations of the phases of the Moon. The phases of the Moon influence the determination of dates that are considered good or bad (Kalen Bulan). Kalen Bulan refers to certain phenomena such as eclipses, planetary conjunctions or positions of the Moon that are considered unfavorable.
Dynamics of Changes from the Abajadun Numbers to the Ghubari System Dina Nur Amilah Balbisi; Ahmad Izzuddin
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.13154

Abstract

The numbering system has undergone significant evolution along with the development of human civilization. One form of a numerical system with historical and symbolic value is the Abajadun numerals that associate Arabic letters with certain numerical values. However, along with the increasing need for efficiency in scientific calculations and documentation, especially in astronomy and mathematics, there was a transition to the Ghubari numeral system. This paper attempts to trace the history of the shift in using Abajadun numerals to modern numerals. In addition, this study examines the influence of Middle Eastern culture on the use of Abajadun numerals in various contexts, especially in astronomy and astrology. This study uses a qualitative approach with historical methods to examine the transition from the Abajadun numeral system to the Ghubari system. The results show that Abajadun numerals were used in various fields such as astronomy, astrology, administration, and mathematics before being replaced by more practical Indian numerals. The process of transmitting knowledge and trade in the Persian region during the reign of Khosru Nusirwan played an important role in the spread of the Ghubari numerals. In conclusion, this study reveals that the Abjadun numbering system does not merely function as a counting tool but reflects a cosmology of numbers that is integrated with the classical Arab-Islamic intellectual tradition. The transition from the Abjadun to the Ghubari system marks a crucial point in the history of number epistemology, where efficiency, clarity of notation, and compatibility with the development of arithmetic and astronomy became urgent needs
Analysis of Determination and Deviation of Qibla Direction in Telaga Ngembeng Cemetery, Nyurlembang, Narmada -, Jundil Ikrom; Dosen, Ma'shum Ahmad
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.13199

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the determination of the Qibla direction at Telaga Ngembeng Cemetery, Nyurlembang Village, Narmada District, with a primary focus on the misalignment of grave orientations caused by inconsistent Qibla determination methods. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with fieldwork methods, supported by Qibla direction measurements using the scientific approach of spherical trigonometry. The findings reveal varying deviations in Qibla orientation among graves, resulting from reliance on estimations by religious figures, limited access to proper instruments, inconsistent use of Qibla compasses, and the community's lack of awareness regarding the importance of directional consistency. The novelty of this research lies in the application of spherical trigonometry to recalibrate Qibla direction across a traditional cemetery with high precision. The practical implication of this study highlights the urgency of religious education and the use of accurate tools in burial practices, while the academic implication shows how integrating Islamic astronomy (falak) and socio-religious studies can improve cemetery management in line with Islamic law.
Reconstructing Ijtih?d in Unifications the Islamic Calendar: Jasser Auda's Maq?shid al-Shar?`ah Approach Muh Rasywan Syarif; Sakirman
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.13229

Abstract

The determination of the beginning of the Hijri month often triggers differences among Muslims due to differences in methods between rukyat (hilal observation) and hisab (astronomical calculation), which have an impact on social fragmentation and uncertainty in the implementation of worship. This study offers a reconstruction of ijtih?d in determining the beginning of the Hijri month through Jasser Auda's maq?shid al-shar?'ah approach, which emphasizes holistic thinking, openness to change, and orientation to the benefit of the people. This research responds to two questions: (1) How can the maq?shid al-shar?'ah approach reconstruct ijtih?d in determining the beginning of the Hijri month? and (2) To what extent can unification of the Islamic calendar be achieved through the integration of rukyat and hisab methods based on maq?shid principles? The research method is qualitative with literature analysis and comparative study of classical fiqh books, contemporary fatwas, and astronomical documents related to the Neo-MABIMS criteria. The results show that this approach allows synergistic rukyat-hisab integration, strengthens legal certainty, accommodates the development of hilal observation technology, and makes the benefit and unity of the ummah as the top priority, in line with the principles of ?if? al-d?n, ?if? al-'aql, and ?if? al-ummah. This reconstruction of ijtih?d offers a new paradigm that is strategic, contextual, and inclusive, as a solution to reduce socio-theological differences and build a uniform and sustainable Islamic calendar
A Methodological Study of Qibla Direction Determination in Mar?q?l Al-'Ub?diyah: The Perspectives of Astronomical Science (Falak) and Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) of Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani Muhammad, Naila Arifa; Ahmad Izzuddin; Iqbal Muhammad
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.13394

Abstract

This research examines the methods for determining the Qibla direction in the book Maraqil Ubudiyah by Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani, which combines principles of Islamic jurisprudence with traditional astronomical observations. The study focuses on the Ainu al-Kibla and Qaidah Mutsallatsah methods described in the book. Using a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, data were gathered from the book's text, supporting literature, and interviews with experts in Islamic astronomy to assess the validity and relevance of these methods in the modern technological era. The findings reveal that the traditional methods in Maraqil Ubudiyah still hold practical relevance, despite differences from technology-based methods such as digital compass applications and GPS satellites. These findings are expected to enrich the literature on Islamic astronomy and provide a deeper understanding of Qibla direction determination from both Sharia and astronomical perspectives.   
The Concept of Qibla Direction in Sayyid Usman’s Tahrir Aqwa Al-Adillah Fi Tahsil ‘Ain Al-Qiblah nanaridwan, Mau'idhatul Hasanah Ridwan; Ahmad Izzuddin; Fatmawati Hilal
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i1.13400

Abstract

Establishing the correct Qibla direction is essential for Muslims when performing prayers, particularly in distant regions like Southeast Asia, far from the Kaaba. This study examines the viewpoints and techniques of Sayyid Usman bin Abdullah bin Aqil bin Yahya in ascertaining the Qibla, as documented in his manuscript Tahrir Aqwa al-Adillah fi Tahsil ‘Ain al-Qiblah, while evaluating its significance within the framework of Islamic astronomy and historical context. A qualitative methodology was adopted, relying on textual analysis of the primary source alongside supplementary scholarly references. The research highlights Sayyid Usman’s integrative approach, blending religious principles with astronomical calculations to ensure precision in Qibla alignment. His techniques included observing rasd al-qiblah the phenomenon where the sun aligns vertically above the Kakbah and tracking the position of the star Arcturus (as-Simak) for regions like Java and the Malay Peninsula. His work differentiates between the exact bearing of the Kaaba (‘ain al-qiblah) and its approximate direction (jihah al-qiblah), advocating for expertise in astronomical science (‘ilm al-falak) to issue accurate religious rulings. Furthermore, he challenged unsubstantiated practices, urging adherence to rigorous scholarly interpretation (ijtihad) or the guidance of qualified jurists. In conclusion, Sayyid Usman’s contributions in Tahrir Aqwa al-Adillah fi Tahsil ‘Ain al-Qiblah advanced both theoretical and practical dimensions of Qibla determination in the Malay Archipelago. His methodologies transcended their era, retaining applicability in contemporary settings and offering potential synergy with modern advancements. This work exemplifies how interdisciplinary harmony between Islamic jurisprudence and empirical science can yield actionable solutions to theological challenges.

Page 19 of 20 | Total Record : 191

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