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Nurnadiyah Syuhada
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Prodi Ilmu Falak - Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Jl. Gajah Mada 100, Jempong – Kota Mataram,Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB).
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INDONESIA
Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram
ISSN : 26850176     EISSN : 27220176     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20414/afaq.v3i2
Core Subject : Science, Social,
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Jurnal Al-Afaq merupakan jurnal yang dibentuk oleh Prodi Ilmu Falak Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Mataram. Jurnal ini membahas keilmuan Ilmu Falak terkait kajian arah kiblat, Hisab dan Rukyah awal Bulan Hijriah, Kalender Dunia dan Fenomena Gerhana. Selain itu, jurnal Al-Afaq juga membahas kaitan antara fenomena astronomi umum dengan kajian ilmu falak.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 204 Documents
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The Accuracy of Lunar Eclipse Calculations in Irsyad al-Murid Book By Ahmad Ghozali Fathulloh Sukarni; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; Muhammad Zainal Mawahib; Fitriyatul Laili
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

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Abstract

The issue of eclipses relates to how to determine when an eclipse will occur, where it can be observed, and how to perform eclipse prayers. The book Irsyad al-Murid discusses calculation methods for determining the time of a lunar eclipse. In determining lunar eclipses, this book makes more corrections than other books. Although it does not use supporting tables or schedules, Irsyad al-Murid applies contemporary mathematical formulas. This does not reduce its accuracy, because this book is used as a reference in the study of astronomy in Madura, especially at the Lanbulan Sampang Islamic Boarding School, and is also used as a guideline for determining the beginning of the lunar month by the Calculation and Observation Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the method of calculating lunar eclipses in Irsyad al-Murid and to measure its accuracy using NASA data. This is a qualitative study with the primary source being the Irsyâd al-Murîd book and secondary sources in the form of interviews and supporting literature. The analysis was conducted using content analysis and comparative methods to determine the comparison of the calculation results between the book and NASA. The results of the study show that Irsyad al-Murid uses a contemporary calculation method with complex corrections for the positions of the Moon and Earth, referring to Jean Meeus' Astronomical Algorithms. The difference lies in the use of the Hijri year, while Meeus' book uses the Gregorian year. The level of accuracy is very good, with a difference of only about one to two minutes from NASA's results.
Initial Formulation of the Isha Prayer Time in the Book Al-Fiqh 'Alaa Madzahib Al-Arba'ah Durrotun Nahdliah An Najiah; Ahmad Izzuddin; M Bathoni
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

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Abstract

This study discusses the formulation of the beginning time of Isha prayer according to the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence, namely Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali, as explained in the book Al-Fiqh 'ala al-Madzahib al-Arba'ah by Abdurrahman al-Jaziri. The main issue in this study lies in the different interpretations of the meaning of syafaq as the sign of the end of Maghrib prayer time and the beginning of Isha prayer time. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, employing descriptive-comparative analysis techniques to compare the opinions of scholars and relate them to astronomical phenomena. The results show that the Hanafi school argues that the beginning of Isha time starts after the disappearance of syafaq abyadh (white twilight), while the Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools argue that it begins after the disappearance of syafaq ahmar (red twilight). These differences are influenced by the interpretation of hadith, geographical conditions, astronomical observations, and the legal reasoning methods of each school. In the Indonesian context, the opinion of the majority scholars is more widely applied because it is more suitable for the geographical conditions of the equatorial region and serves as the basis for determining prayer schedules by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This study shows that differences of opinion regarding the beginning of Isha prayer time are not contradictions, but rather a form of the richness of ijtihad in Islamic jurisprudence.
Harmonization Of Fajr Time In Indonesia: The Strategic Role Of Mui Fatwa In Uniting Different Views Alamsyah; Lomba Sultan; Mualimin Mochammad Sahid; Abdul Halim Talli
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v8i1.15367

Abstract

Variations in determining the beginning of Fajr time in Indonesia, especially the difference between the -18° and -20° solar depression criteria, have sparked debate among Muslim communities. Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Wahdah Islamiyah apply different criteria based on fiqh reasoning, astronomical calculation, and observational interpretation of fajr ṣādiq. This condition often confuses the public and may weaken communal unity, particularly when different prayer schedules circulate without a shared explanatory framework. This study examines the strategic role of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa as an integrative instrument for harmonizing differences in determining Fajr prayer time. Using a literature study method, the research integrates bayani, burhani, and irfani approaches and analyzes relevant documents and fatwas qualitatively. The bayani approach examines Islamic legal arguments, the burhani approach analyzes astronomical criteria and observational differences, while the irfani approach explains ethical and spiritual considerations in maintaining communal harmony. The findings show that an MUI fatwa can function as a harmonizing mechanism if supported by transparent astronomical evidence and inclusive fiqh reasoning. Such a fatwa can strengthen Islamic legal credibility, reduce public confusion, and reinforce ukhuwah Islamiyah through synergy between science and sharia for contemporary Indonesian Muslims facing diverse institutional prayer-time standards today in practice.
Reconstructing the Qibla Change through Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani’s Fath al-Bārī: A Historiographical Analysis Annisa Nurfadilah; Ahmad Izzuddin; Eman Sulaiman
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

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Abstract

This study reconstructs the chronology and historical context of the qibla change – the redirection of Muslim prayer from Baitul Maqdis to the Ka‘bah – through a rigorous textual analysis of Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī’s hadith commentary, Fath al-Bārī. While previous Islamic historiography has rarely treated hadith commentaries as viable primary sources, this study addresses that gap. Employing a qualitative framework that integrates historical-hermeneutic analysis with an interpretive-historical approach, it examines Fath al-Bārī to produce a chronologically precise and contextually grounded account. To reconcile conflicting reports on the date of the change, Ibn Ḥajar applied al-jam’ wa al-tawfīq (compromise) by specifying the lunar count from Rabī‘ al-Awwal to Rajab, explaining the 16‑ versus 17‑month discrepancy through inclusive and exclusive calculations. He then used tarjīḥ (critical selection) based on sanad quality to establish mid‑Rajab of the second Hijri year as the definitive moment of transition. The research also illuminates the socio‑political climate of Madinah, including Muslim‑Jewish relations, the Companions’ role in transmitting the news, and the event’s impact on consolidating early Muslim identity. The study concludes that Fath al-Bārī functions not merely as hadith exegesis but as a significant historiographical document, offering a methodological model for integrating hadith scholarship with historical inquiry.

Page 21 of 21 | Total Record : 204

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