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PENENTUAN HARI DALAM SISTEM KALENDER HIJRIAH Rofiuddin, Ahmad Adib
Al-Ahkam Volume 26, Nomor 1, April 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Calendar is an organizing system to calculate the time for a certain period. By convention, the day is the smallest unit of the calendar, while the measurement part of a day using timing systems (hours, minutes, and seconds). Some calendar systems refers to an astronomical cycle, follow the rules anyway. The concept of day used by most people on earth is the concept of the day where the day begins at midnight and the day started online within 1800 of the City of Greenwich. This qualitative study intends to analyze the determination of days in the Hijriyah calendar. The main problem is the disagreement about the start of the day and where the beginning of the day begins. In contrast to the international community in general, Muslims have several criteria to determine where and when the day begins in Islam. There are three opinions about the beginning of theday. First, the dawn as a benchmark of the start of the day. Second, the start of the day occurs when the setting sun. Third, the day began at midnight (00:00).Kalender merupakan sebuah sistem pengorganisasian untuk menghitung waktu selama periode tertentu. Secara konvensi, hari adalah unit kalender terkecil, sementara untuk pengukuran bagian dari sebuah hari digunakan sistem perhitungan waktu (jam, menit, dan detik). Beberapa sistem kalender mengacu kepada suatu siklus astronomi, mengikuti aturan yang tetap. Konsep hari yang dipakai oleh sebagian besar manusia dibumi adalah konsep hari dimana hari dimulai pada tengah malam dan hari dimulai di garis yang berjarak 1800 dari Kota Greenwich. Penelitian kualitatif ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis penentuan hari dalam kalender Hijriah. Masalah utama adalah perbedaan pendapat tentang awal hari dan di mana awal hari dimulai. Berbeda dengan masyarakatdunia pada umumnya, umat Islam mempunyai beberapa kriteria dalam menentukan dimana dan kapan hari dimulai dalam Islam. Ada tiga pendapat tentang permulaan hari. Pertama, fajar dijadikan patokan dari permulaan hari. Kedua, permulaan hari terjadi saat terbenamnya matahari. Ketiga, hari dimulai sejak tengah malam (pukul 00.00).

Pemikiran Muhammad Abdul Hayy tentang Penentuan Awal Bulan Hijriah dengan Metode Rukyatul Hilal pada Siang Hari Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
JURNAL LENTERA : Kajian Keagamaan, Keilmuan dan Teknologi Vol 18 No 1 (2019): Maret 2019
Publisher : LP2M STAI Miftahul 'Ula (STAIM) Nganjuk

The determination of the beginning of the Hijri month is crucial for Muslims, especially in Indonesia. During this time, the Indonesian people used the Rukyat, Hisab and Imkanurrukyat methods to determine the beginning of the Hijri month. n addition, there is a method of determining the beginning of the month of qamariyah, which is by setting the crescent moon during the day, as an alternative in determining the beginning of the month of kamariyah. The Book of Al-Falak Ad-Dawwār fī Ru’yatil Hilāl bi an-Nahār by Muhammad Abdul Hayy al-Hindi is one of the classic books that explains the phenomenon of the crescent in the afternoon. This book uses the method of khumasi. That is the day from the month of kamariyah is now the first month of the month of kamariyah next year. Jurisprudently, there is a crescent during the daytime which is not a new moon which is made a benchmark in the initial arrangement of Kamariyah month. Various opinions from several scholars support this argument. The last month of the month that can be used in the first month of the month of kamariyah seen at sunset last month. In an astronomical perspective, the crescent during the day is an observational phenomenon that is common. The existence of scientists who succeeded in capturing the crescent during the day is a result of the development of science and technology so that it is feasible to occur. The crescent seen during the day cannot provide certainty in the afternoon it will also be seen. This is because during the day the sky is still blue and there are not too many cloud variations. The determination of the beginning of the Hijri month is crucial for Muslims, especially in Indonesia. During this time, the Indonesian people used the Rukyat, Hisab and Imkanurrukyat methods to determine the beginning of the Hijri month. n addition, there is a method of determining the beginning of the month of qamariyah, which is by setting the crescent moon during the day, as an alternative in determining the beginning of the month of kamariyah. The Book of Al-Falak Ad-Dawwār fī Ru’yatil Hilāl bi an-Nahār by Muhammad Abdul Hayy al-Hindi is one of the classic books that explains the phenomenon of the crescent in the afternoon. This book uses the method of khumasi. That is the day from the month of kamariyah is now the first month of the month of kamariyah next year. Jurisprudently, there is a crescent during the daytime which is not a new moon which is made a benchmark in the initial arrangement of Kamariyah month. Various opinions from several scholars support this argument. The last month of the month that can be used in the first month of the month of kamariyah seen at sunset last month. In an astronomical perspective, the crescent during the day is an observational phenomenon that is common. The existence of scientists who succeeded in capturing the crescent during the day is a result of the development of science and technology so that it is feasible to occur. The crescent seen during the day cannot provide certainty in the afternoon it will also be seen. This is because during the day the sky is still blue and there are not too many cloud variations.

PENENTUAN HARI DALAM SISTEM KALENDER HIJRIAH Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
Al-Ahkam Volume 26, Nomor 1, April 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Calendar is an organizing system to calculate the time for a certain period. By convention, the day is the smallest unit of the calendar, while the measurement part of a day using timing systems (hours, minutes, and seconds). Some calendar systems refers to an astronomical cycle, follow the rules anyway. The concept of day used by most people on earth is the concept of the day where the day begins at midnight and the day started online within 1800 of the City of Greenwich. This qualitative study intends to analyze the determination of days in the Hijriyah calendar. The main problem is the disagreement about the start of the day and where the beginning of the day begins. In contrast to the international community in general, Muslims have several criteria to determine where and when the day begins in Islam. There are three opinions about the beginning of theday. First, the dawn as a benchmark of the start of the day. Second, the start of the day occurs when the setting sun. Third, the day began at midnight (00:00).Kalender merupakan sebuah sistem pengorganisasian untuk menghitung waktu selama periode tertentu. Secara konvensi, hari adalah unit kalender terkecil, sementara untuk pengukuran bagian dari sebuah hari digunakan sistem perhitungan waktu (jam, menit, dan detik). Beberapa sistem kalender mengacu kepada suatu siklus astronomi, mengikuti aturan yang tetap. Konsep hari yang dipakai oleh sebagian besar manusia dibumi adalah konsep hari dimana hari dimulai pada tengah malam dan hari dimulai di garis yang berjarak 1800 dari Kota Greenwich. Penelitian kualitatif ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis penentuan hari dalam kalender Hijriah. Masalah utama adalah perbedaan pendapat tentang awal hari dan di mana awal hari dimulai. Berbeda dengan masyarakatdunia pada umumnya, umat Islam mempunyai beberapa kriteria dalam menentukan dimana dan kapan hari dimulai dalam Islam. Ada tiga pendapat tentang permulaan hari. Pertama, fajar dijadikan patokan dari permulaan hari. Kedua, permulaan hari terjadi saat terbenamnya matahari. Ketiga, hari dimulai sejak tengah malam (pukul 00.00).

DINAMIKA SOSIAL PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN HIJRIAH DI INDONESIA Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
istinbath Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (438.147 KB)

Penentuan Awal Bulan Hijriah di Indonesia selalu menjadi perhatian masyarakat Islam Indonesia khsusnya pada bulan Ramadhan, Syawal dan Dzulhijjah karena tiga bulan tersebut sering mengalami perbedaan. Fenomena ini berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan negara tetangga seperti Malaysia danBrunei yang cenderung memiliki keputusan bulat dalam penentuan awal bulan Hijriah. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk melihat fenomena tersebut dalam perspektif Pierre Bourdieu melalui Teori Habitus dan Teori Modal yang mempunyai pengaruh kuat dalam dinamika sosial di masyarakat. Merujuk pada teori tersebut, Dinamika Penentuan Awal Bulan Hijriah merupakan sebuah pertarungan modal antar ormas-ormas Islam Indonesia yang meliputi modal sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan simbolik meskipun Kementerian Agama RI telah menggunakan kriteria imkanurrukyat sebagai jalan tengah atas perbedaan yang ada. Selain itu, adanya terminologi Madzhab Hisab dan Madzhab Rukyat dalam wacana kalender Hijriah di Indonesia menunjukkan adanya simbolsimbol kekuasaan yang pada akhirnya akan menimbulkan kekerasan simbolik diantara kedua madzhab tersebut.

NGOs CONTESTATION ON ISLAMIC HIJRI CALENDAR IN URBAN MUSLIM SOCIETY IN INDONESIA: FROM AUTHORITY TO IDENTITY Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; Ahmad Luqman Hakim
Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Vol 27 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/akademika.v27i2.5357

This article discusses on religious contestation on determination of Islamic Calendar in Urban Muslim society in Indonesia. An Indonesian Islamic calendar discourse is always dominated by Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah as two largest Islamic NGOs. The choice of individuals from this group to fill the office of Minister of Religious Affairs, the official authority, is a sign of the domination amongst these mass organizations. To analyze the contestation of religious authority, this paper recommends the application of an analytical framework of the Gramsci’s hegemony theory which illustrates the contestation between them. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with the two organizations' experts in Islamic astronomy, which were then evaluated using a descriptive approach. The finding of this paper reveal that the contestation between Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah not only in relation to the power, but also strengthening the identity of each group to shows their power on Islamic Calendar discourse in Indonesia.

OPTIMIST AND PESSIMIST MOON-SIGHTING: THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC CALENDAR DETERMINATION IN INDONESIA Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; Ahmad Izzuddin
Muẚṣarah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): Desember
Publisher : UIN ANTASARI BANJARMASIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18592/msr.v4i2.7543

The Islamic calendar decision has always been a public discourse among Muslims at the beginning of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhulhijjah. It is often the case that different decisions made among Muslim groups in determining the first of Ramadhan, Syawal, and Dhulhijjah which will affect the public holiday in Muslim majority countries. This study incorporates the theory of limit proposed by Muhammad Syahrour to analyze the ongoing contestation of Islamic calendar determination. Based on the in-depth analysis, this study suggests that the height criteria of the crescent can be categorized as optimistic and pessimistic criteria. Crescent's altitude of 3 degrees is the lower limit of optimism in crescent observations. Pessimism can be seen from astronomical calculations in which hilal altitude is below 3 degrees. These two criteria could be supported by the existing scientific proof through the image of the hilal altitude below 3 degrees.

NGOs CONTESTATION ON ISLAMIC HIJRI CALENDAR IN URBAN MUSLIM SOCIETY IN INDONESIA: FROM AUTHORITY TO IDENTITY Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin; Ahmad Luqman Hakim
Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Vol 27 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/akademika.v27i2.5357

This article discusses on religious contestation on determination of Islamic Calendar in Urban Muslim society in Indonesia. An Indonesian Islamic calendar discourse is always dominated by Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah as two largest Islamic NGOs. The choice of individuals from this group to fill the office of Minister of Religious Affairs, the official authority, is a sign of the domination amongst these mass organizations. To analyze the contestation of religious authority, this paper recommends the application of an analytical framework of the Gramsci’s hegemony theory which illustrates the contestation between them. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with the two organizations' experts in Islamic astronomy, which were then evaluated using a descriptive approach. The finding of this paper reveal that the contestation between Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah not only in relation to the power, but also strengthening the identity of each group to shows their power on Islamic Calendar discourse in Indonesia.

Robot Pengukur Arah Kiblat Berbasis Offline Untuk Penyandang Tuna Netra Ikhsan Mahaendra; Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin
Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v10i2.2728

The Qibla is fundamental in matters of Muslim worship so it needs to be given more attention. This research is intended to design a Qibla robot to determine the Qibla direction for blind people. This research uses research and development research methods, namely, by designing an offline-based robotic Qibla direction measuring device for the blind. This research produced findings in the form of a Qibla measuring tool called "Kibla Robot". The disadvantage of this Qibla Robot is that, firstly, it cannot be used in sloping, uneven or wavy places. Second, it cannot be used in rooms where there are too many magnetic fields, and third, the battery power runs out quickly, affecting the working function of the tool, fourth, when the latitude and longitude of the location are different, it must be reprogrammed. The first advantage of this Qibla Robot is its ergonomic shape. Second, he helps blind people determine the direction of the Qibla. Third, it can be used in areas with minimal internet signal, fourth it can be used indoors and outdoors. The level of accuracy of measurements on the Qibla Robot compared with the Theodolite is that there is no difference, and calculations in retrieving Solar Azimuth data from manual calculations and the Stellarium Application have a difference of 0 o 35' 36.09". A difference of less than one degree indicates that this tool is accurate.

KAJIAN ETNOASTRONOMI DALAM KOSMOLOGI KEPERCAYAAN ALUK TO DOLO DI TANA TORAJA Farid, Firdaus; Rofiuddin, Ahmad Adib
ELFALAKY: Jurnal Ilmu Falak Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Desember
Publisher : UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ifk.v8i2.51927

This research examines ethnoastronomy in the context of the cosmology of Aluk ToDolo belief in Tana Toraja. Aluk Todolo is a traditional belief system of the Toraja people that has a close relationship with astronomical symbols and cosmology. This research aims to explore how the people of Tana Toraja utilize ethnoastronomical knowledge in the cosmological belief system of Aluk To Dolo and how this affects their traditional rites, ceremonies and social structures. The research method involved literature analysis, interviews with traditional leaders, and qualitative descriptive participatory observation using socio-historical, ethnological, and anthropological approaches and data collection was obtained from the review of textual studies. The results show that the elements of Ethnoastronomy in the Cosmology of Alok ToDolo belief are symbolized in the mapping of the universe in horizontal and vertical forms. The vertical form here is interpreted in the “four cardinal directions”, while the vertical mapping of the universe means that the universe consists of several layers.

The Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Determining the Beginning of Islamic Calendar in Indonesia Rofiuddin, Ahmad Adib; Ardliansyah, Moelki Fahmi
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 10, No 2 (2024): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v10i2.16803

Recent technological advancement, artificial intelligence (AI), allows for the integration of human intelligence algorithms and application machines. As AI develops, it will be able to assist people in a variety of areas, including business, health, education, and others. The advantages of AI in establishing the start of the Hijri month are one of the benefits that we will discuss in this paper. Muslims, especially Indonesian Muslims, are now highly interested in learning about the Hijri calendar, especially as the months of Ramadan and Shawwal begin. Community organizations have repeatedly criticized the government's determination of the month's beginning in recent years with some argumentation provided. In order to address this issue, we will attempt to apply AI to pinpoint the start of Islamic Calendar especially in these months. This paper shows that in Fiqh and Astronomical Perspectives, Artificial Intelligence cannot be used as the main instrument in determining the beginning of the Islamic Calendar in Indonesia.

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