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Tulus Burhannudin Sitorus
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Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara J17 Building 3rd Floor Mechanical Engineering Department Jl. Almameter Kampus USU Medan Telp.061-8213250, Fax 061-8213250
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Dinamis
Published by TALENTA PUBLISHER
ISSN : 02167492     EISSN : 28093410     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/dinamis
Core Subject : Science, Education, Engineering,
Education Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Transportation
Focus and Scope Dinamis Journal is a national electronic journal as a means to publish scientific works in Mechanical engineering and other relevant fields. This journal has strengths and focuses on the sub-fields of energy conversion, structural materials and materials engineering, production processes, and maintenance systems which are all part of mechanical engineering science. This journal is managed by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara. Scientific works published in the Dinamis Journal are the results of research, both experimental, literature reviews, and simulations and contribute significantly to the development of science and technology. The Dinamis Journal publishes scientific papers in the field of Mechanical engineering related to the following fields of study: Experimental and Computational Mechanical Systems Solar Energy Fuel Cell Noise and Vibration Alloy and Processing
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 253 Documents
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Analyzing Supply Chain Risks in the Tea Industry Using SCOR and HOR Shalihin, Ahmad; D Sihombing, Clarisa; Sinulingga, Sukaria
DINAMIS Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Dinamis : In Press
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v13i2.20215

Abstract

The tea plantation sector has a complex supply chain, and the production process at the black tea processing company is often affected by various operational issues. One of the main problems is delays in raw material processing caused by the late arrival of wet tea leaves, which are further aggravated by machine breakdowns and a lack of worker discipline. These conditions can disrupt or even halt production, emphasizing the need for effective risk mitigation measures. This study aims to identify risk factors in the black tea production supply chain using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and to formulate priority mitigation strategies through the House of Risk (HOR) method. The results of the HOR Phase I analysis identified 21 risk events and 4 priority risk agents with a cumulative Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) value of 76.82%. The four main risk agents are: (A2) irregularities or delays in the transportation of wet tea leaves, (A6) lack of worker discipline, (A7) machine damage or malfunction, and (A8) low employee awareness during work. The HOR Phase II analysis produced seven mitigation actions, which were ranked based on the Effectiveness to Difficulty Ratio (ETD). The top three priority actions are (PA₁) conducting analysis and evaluation of employee performance (ETD = 6.00), (PA₃) increasing supervision of foremen at each station (ETD = 5.00), and (PA₂) creating a schedule for picking wet tea leaves (ETD = 5.00). Supporting actions include quality control of raw materials (PA₄), routine machine maintenance (PA₅), increasing awareness to work carefully (PA₇), and limiting machine loads to maximum capacity (PA₆). The results indicate that human and managerial factors—including employee performance, supervision, and work scheduling—are the dominant contributors to supply chain risk. Therefore, mitigation strategies should prioritize management and behavioral improvements, supported by technical maintenance and process control, to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and resilience of the black tea supply chain.
Technological Readiness of Indonesia's Photovoltaic Sector: A Technometric Analysis Atikah, Nurul; Ashari Syawal, Ferdy
DINAMIS Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Dinamis : In Press
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v13i2.21041

Abstract

Despite Indonesia's vast solar potential (207.8 GWp), its utilization remains far below the 2025 target (0.87 GW), hampered by unmapped industrial capabilities. This study addresses this gap by mapping the technological capabilities of Indonesia's photovoltaic (PV) industry and its supporting sectors using Technometric models. By adopting a quantitative survey methodology involving key industry players (n=3) representing the solar panel, cable, and mounting structure sectors , the study evaluated technoware (T), humanware (H), and infoware (I) components. The main results show that the solar panel industry has “excellent” technology content with a Technology Contribution Coefficient (TCC) of 0.7204 , driven by strong humanware and infoware contributions (both exceeding 70%). In contrast, cable companies, with a TCC of 0.5651 , are categorized as having “good” technology content, indicating a need to improve technoware, which only contributes 47%. Meanwhile, the structure (mounting) company also showed “very good” technological capability with a TCC of 0.7297. The TCC value, which ranges from 0 to 1, measures the contribution of technology in value-added creation, with values of 0.7-0.9 indicating an “excellent” category. The proposed recommendations include prioritizing technoware development through product design computing and test optimization, humanware improvement through innovation training, and infoware strengthening through comprehensive information dissemination. This study provides the first Technometric benchmark for the Indonesian PV sector, offering a clear diagnostic tool for policymakers and industry to enhance competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth targets.
Optimization Optimization of Parallel Solar Water Heater Using Six Flat-Plate Collectors with Stainless Steel Pipes Wiranata, Anggi; Fuazen; Eko Julianto
DINAMIS Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Dinamis : In Press
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v13i2.22440

Abstract

This study aims to optimize the thermal performance of a parallel-type solar water heating system employing six flat-plate solar collectors with stainless steel pipes. Experimental testing was conducted in Pontianak City, Indonesia, under tropical equatorial conditions during three time sessions from 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM. The system was designed as a passive configuration to enhance heat absorption and uniform flow distribution. Data were recorded at 5-minute intervals, including water temperature variation, solar radiation intensity, and thermal efficiency. The results indicate that the water temperature increased significantly with a temperature difference (ΔT) ranging from 3.4˚C to 13.6˚C, while the thermal efficiency varied between 1.74% and 6.31%, reaching its maximum during the 1:00–2:00 PM session. Solar radiation intensity was observed in the range of 65–89 Lux, which showed a direct influence on system performance. Although efficiency decreased slightly under high thermal load conditions, the overall results demonstrate that the proposed parallel collector configuration performs effectively even in the afternoon period. These findings confirm that a parallel-type flat-plate solar water heater using stainless steel pipes has strong potential as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly water heating system for tropical regions. Keyword: Solar Water Heater, Flat-Plate Collector, Thermal Efficiency, Stainless Steel Pipe, Renewable Energy
Finite Element Analysis and Root Cause Analysis of Wire Rope Failure in STS Cranes Ariani, Farida; Pulungan, Bgd. Sinomba Pebi Nanda
DINAMIS Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Dinamis : In Press
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v13i2.22583

Abstract

Wire rope is a critical lifting component in Ship-to-Shore (STS) cranes, whose failure can lead to catastrophic system breakdowns, posing significant safety risks and operational losses. This study investigates the root causes of wire rope failure on a 40-ton capacity STS crane. The methodology integrates Root Cause Analysis (RCA) with a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation using ANSYS Static Structural. The analyzed wire rope has a 28 mm diameter, a 6x36 IWRC configuration, and is made of galvanized high-carbon steel. Simulation results under full operational load revealed a maximum von Mises stress of 681 MPa, exceeding the material's yield strength (≈650 MPa), a total displacement of 16 cm, and a critically low safety factor of 0.53. The failure location was identified on the outer strands at the contact points with sheaves, indicating high-stress concentration zones. Furthermore, the calculated Safe Working Load (SWL) for a standard safety factor of 5 was 82.83 kN, which is drastically lower than the 400 kN operational load per rope, confirming severe overstress conditions. The RCA fishbone diagram identified key contributing factors: material specification mismatch, suboptimal sheave design, inadequate maintenance protocols, and insufficient design-stage analysis. The study concludes that the wire rope is unfit for service under current conditions and recommends immediate replacement, revised preventive maintenance schedules incorporating FEA, design optimization of support components, and implementation of real-time load monitoring systems.
Development of a Special Tool for Prefilter Glass Removal on Excavator PC400-8 Hendro Purwono
DINAMIS Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Dinamis : In Press
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v13i2.22954

Abstract

Periodic maintenance of hydraulic excavators, such as the PC400-8, is essential to ensure optimal performance in tasks like loading materials such as soil, rocks, and others into dump trucks. One of the challenges during periodic maintenance is the removal of the prefilter glass, which is often difficult due to the hardness of the material. The tool currently used, a standard filter wrench, lacks precision and frequently slips, increasing the risk of breaking the prefilter glass and causing potential injury to mechanics. To address this issue, this study develops an innovative prefilter glass removal tool using the 7 Ups++ method, an approach that involves evaluating aspects such as usability, efficiency, ergonomics, safety, sustainability, precision, and quality. The innovation aims to reduce the risk of glass breakage and enhance the safety of mechanics. The research results indicate that the designed tool can significantly reduce difficulties and is estimated to reduce the risk of prefilter glass breakage by approximately 90% during use, while also saving 50–105 seconds per operation. This leads to a performance improvement of 83%–87.5% and enhanced occupational safety, and has the potential to make a positive contribution to periodic service procedures and workplace safety in the heavy equipment industry.
Erosion Behavior of SKD11 Tool Steel Under Different Impact Angles and Particle Velocities: A Finite Element Analysis Study Deva Ihsan Khoirunas; Purba, Riki Hendra; Situmorang, Riky Stepanus; James Julian; Fitri Wahyuni; Elvi Armadani; Fathin Muhammad Mardhudhu
DINAMIS Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Dinamis : In Press
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The study utilizes the Single Particle Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method with a Cowper-Symonds Strain Rate Material Model to understand the response of SKD11 tool steel to erosion under varying impact angles and velocities. In this study, SiO₂ particles measuring 0.7 mm in diameter were selected as the erodent, while the target material, SKD11, was sized at 1x1x0,5 mm. The impact angle was varied at 30, 60, and 90 degrees, and the impact velocity was set at 25 and 50 m/s. The simulation results show that SKD11 performs best at lower impact angles. It was observed that as the impact angle increases, the erosion also increases significantly, particularly at 60 degrees. Different impact angles also resulted in different erosion mechanisms on the material's surface. The impact velocity further contributed to an increase in erosion, with material failure and material reduction occurring at 50 m/s.
Performance Analysis of a Portable Solar Panel Charging System for Urban Parks FAHMI NORCAHYO Fahmi Norcahyo; Edy Susanto
DINAMIS Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Dinamis
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v14i1.24247

Abstract

The increasing use of portable electronic devices in urban parks has created a growing demand for independent and environmentally friendly charging facilities. This study aims to analyze the performance of a portable solar panel charging system under variations in solar irradiance, panel capacity, and panel configuration. Three irradiance levels (2.5, 4.5, and 5.5 kWh/m²/day), three panel capacities (100 Wp, 150 Wp, and 200 Wp), and three configurations (single panel, parallel, and series) were evaluated. Engineering-based energy calculations were validated using MATLAB/Simulink through the PV Array Model to analyze the current–voltage (I–V) and power–voltage (P–V) characteristics of the photovoltaic system. The results show that solar irradiance is the dominant factor affecting daily energy production. Under medium irradiance conditions (4.5 kWh/m²/day), the estimated daily energy outputs of the 100 Wp, 150 Wp, and 200 Wp panels were approximately 315 Wh/day, 472.5 Wh/day, and 630 Wh/day, respectively, while the highest energy output of 770 Wh/day was achieved by the 200 Wp panel under high irradiance conditions (5.5 kWh/m²/day). Among the evaluated configurations, the parallel arrangement provided the most suitable performance for portable charging applications because it delivered higher output current and improved battery charging capability. Based on the obtained results, a portable solar panel system with a capacity of 150–200 Wp in a parallel configuration is recommended for charging electronic devices in urban parks. These findings demonstrate that combining appropriate panel capacity, solar irradiance conditions, and system configuration can significantly improve the performance and practicality of portable photovoltaic charging systems for public outdoor facilities.
Fabrication and Experimental Evaluation of a Small-Scale Pyrolysis Reactor for Coconut Shell Charcoal Production Melvin Emil Simanjuntak; Jandri Fan H.T. Saragi; Muhammad Iqbal Murti; Prisca Caesa Moneteringtyas; Paini Sri Widyawati
DINAMIS Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Dinamis
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v14i1.24710

Abstract

The utilization of coconut shell biomass for small-scale charcoal production through pyrolysis offers a renewable energy alternative, yet the time-dependent evolution of charcoal properties during carbonization remains underexplored. This study aims to fabricate a small-scale fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor and experimentally evaluate the effect of pyrolysis time on coconut shell charcoal characteristics at a constant operating temperature of 400°C. The reactor was fabricated from carbon steel with an effective volume of 150.6 L. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted for 300 minutes, with charcoal samples collected at 30‑minute intervals. The results show that increasing pyrolysis time progressively reduced both charcoal yield and bulk density, with final values of 14.7 % and 6.67 kg/m³, respectively at 210 minutes, after which both stabilized. The carbonization process exhibited three distinct stages: early gradual devolatilization (30–120 min), rapid structural transformation (120–180 min), and stabilization (after 210 min). Visual observations revealed a transition from dark brown to deep black coloration with increasing residence time, followed by increased fragility at prolonged durations. The novelty of this work lies in the application systematic interval‑based sampling that reveals the dynamic evolution of charcoal properties as a function of residence time, rather than reporting only final product characteristics. These findings confirm that pyrolysis time is a key operational parameter and provide a practical basis for selecting optimal durations (120–180 min) to obtain structurally stable charcoal in small‑scale fixed‑bed reactors.
Anthropometric Design of a Patient Transfer Aid for Wheelchair to Bed Transfer: Enhancing Safety and Reducing Musculoskeletal Risk Ziandra Indar Pratama; Franka Sukma; Wakhit Ahmad Fahrudin; Riki Effendi; Ahmad Yunus Nasution
DINAMIS Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Dinamis
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v14i1.24919

Abstract

This study develops an anthropometric-based patient transfer aid for wheelchair-to-bed transfer aimed at reducing musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk among healthcare workers. The research was conducted at Pesanggrahan Community Health Center involving 100 respondents whose anthropometric data were used as the basis for ergonomic design development, including body weight, hip width, elbow-to-elbow breadth, forearm length, foot length, and popliteal height. The collected data were analyzed using validity, reliability, adequacy, uniformity, and percentile methods (5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles) to ensure statistical robustness and to derive ergonomic design dimensions. The results were translated into engineering specifications, including a lifting capacity of 100 kg, base width of 50 cm, handle spacing of 43.2 cm, seat width of 25 cm, and minimum clearance of 45 cm. The proposed design was developed using solid works software through parametric 3D modeling and assembly integration to ensure geometric accuracy, structural feasibility, and functional system configuration. The design enables seated-position transfer without requiring patients to stand, improving usability for individuals with limited mobility and reducing caregiver physical strain. From an ergonomic perspective, the system is expected to reduce MSD risk by minimizing manual lifting, trunk flexion, and asymmetric loading during transfer activities. However, the study is limited to CAD-based design and does not yet include prototype fabrication or biomechanical validation. The findings demonstrate that integrating anthropometric data with SolidWorks-based engineering design provides an effective and practical approach for developing ergonomic patient transfer aids in healthcare environments.
Effect of Carbonization Temperature, Particle Size, and Binder Type on the Quality and CO Emissions of Oil Palm Shell Bio-Briquettes Novrida Harpah Hasibuan; Isra Suryati; Rahmi Karolina; Orisa Sativana Megawati; Trie Nova Marito Sitanggang; Yerica Magdalena Silaen; Sarah Patumona Manalu
DINAMIS Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Dinamis
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v14i1.25169

Abstract

Bio briquettes from palm kernel shells have the potential to replace fossil fuels as an alternative energy source. However, their quality is largely determined by the characteristics of the raw materials and the type of binder. This study aims to analyze the effect of binder type (starch and molasses), carbonization temperature, charcoal particle size, and binder concentration on briquette quality. The parameters tested included moisture content, ash content, compressive strength, calorific value, and CO2 emissions, as specified in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Briquettes were produced through carbonization, mixing, molding, and drying, then tested by proximate analysis, compression testing, calorimetry, and gas emissions analysis. The results indicated that binder type affects moisture content, ash content, and strength, but does not impact calorific value. Briquettes with molasses produced the lowest moisture content of 1.1%, namely in samples with 350°C, 100 mesh, 20% molasses. The lowest ash content and highest sample strength were obtained in samples with starch binder (350°C, 60 mesh, 20% starch), namely 2.2% and 39.91 Kg/cm2. The sample with the highest calorific value was 6561.49 Cal/g (400°C, 60 mesh, 20% molasses). Interestingly, the binder type did not significantly affect the calorific value; particle size was the dominant factor. In terms of emissions, molasses produced lower CO2 (812 ppm) than starch, at 400°C, 60 mesh particles, and a molasses concentration of 15%. This study confirms that the choice of binder significantly influences the physical and mechanical properties of bio briquettes, but does not significantly affect their calorific value. These findings provide important guidance for optimizing palm oil waste-based briquette formulations to produce efficient, environmentally friendly, renewable energy.

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