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Belli Ac Pacis (jurnal hukum internasional)
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 24605247     EISSN : 27210596     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20961/belli.v7i2
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Modern international law in the last few decades has experienced very rapid development, this is characterized by the emerge of the State in a modern sense, as well as a legal system that regulates relations between countries and international legal entities with each other. Relations between countries are no longer limited by absolute sovereignty, for example in the case of war crimes, the international community could sue countries or even individuals to be responsible for these actions based on universal principles. Recently, State practices is shifting from the hard law legal system to soft law which can be an alternative solution in breaking the deadlock when international political compromises are difficult to realize. Various international law development shows that there is a need for the international community to form a legal system that is acceptable to all parties, especially the State as a subject of international law par excellence. Therefore, the Belli ac Pacis Journal presents the multifarious developments in contemporary international law as a study of current State practices. The Belli ac Pacis Journal encompasses Public International Law, International Law of the Sea, International Humanitarian Law, International Environmental Law, International Criminal Law, International Organizational Law, International Dispute Settlement Law, Diplomatic Law, Air and Space Law, International Trade Organization Law, ASEAN Law, and International Economic Law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 110 Documents
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PERAN INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR DALAM MEMPERKUAT SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INTERNASIONAL: PENDEKATAN HISTORIS Deiny Setiyawan
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v9i1.68139

Abstract

This article discusses the role of Private International Criminal Investigators in international justice practices during the ICTY to ICC periods. This article uses the method of writing international law with statutory approach, case approach, and historical approach. The legal material used in writing this law is in the form of primary legal material originating from laws and regulations, and secondary law originating from library research by examining theories, dogmas, findings, and previous documentation in related fields. The results of this study indicate that the role of private investigators in international crime investigations varies depending on the existing international judicial institutions. In various ICTY performances, private investigators are used to assist with special reporting procedures by voluntarily and actively involving independent organizations such as OSCE, ECMM, and Human Rights Watch. In the performance of ICTR, private investigators consisting of third organizations, individual researchers from educational institutions, to advocates and NGO institutions, are involved in reports handled by the Special Committee to be able to prove indications of international crimes in Rwanda. Meanwhile, in the performance of the ICC, the involvement of private investigators has increased, for example in the Lubanga and Katanga cases, where information findings and field evidence collected by third parties were actively used in a series of trials indicating international crimes
Problematika the New Cold War: Dinamika Geopolitik, Ekonomi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Stabilitas Asia Pasifik Calyaretta Meiskha Wanodya; Yustine Juneytalenta; Arulina Firsta Ramadhina; Aurellia Zahra Ayundya
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 10, No 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v10i2.100740

Abstract

The new Cold War has been a hot topic of discussion recently–whether about its existence or how it was fought. The old Cold War was fought because of the clash of ideologies between the two superpowers; the United States and the USSR. Intellectuals argue that the new Cold War no longer involves ideology, as it no longer involves military hegemony. By limiting the problem to the Asia Pacific, the article focuses on the geopolitical and economic aspects of the related region. Through the research that has been conducted, the results were found to be; The Cold War that lasted from 1947–1991 was dominated by the ideological competition of Capitalism, led by the United States, and Communism, led by the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the New Cold War focuses more on economic and geopolitical competition, especially between the United States and China. Also, the ineffectiveness of international law in enforcing decisions related to maritime disputes and global trade dynamics shows the need for stronger reforms.
KAJIAN YURIDIS PERJANJIAN KERJA SAMA SISTER CITY ANTARA KOTA BANDUNG DENGAN KOTA SEOUL TENTANG PEMBENTUKAN KERJASAMA KOTA Hana Aulia
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 9, No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v9i2.47373

Abstract

This research raise issues regarding the status of the Sister City Cooperation Treaty Between Bandung City and Seoul City based on international law and the obstacles faced and solutions to solve the problem in its making. The method used in this research is a normative legal research and prescriptive research. The types and sources of research data used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials that are collected by collecting legal materials from literature studies. The data analysis technique used is the deductive mindset technique. This research results that the status of the Sister City Cooperation between Bandung City and Seoul City based on international law is a treaty based on the 1969 Vienna Convention and Law Number 24 of 2000 concerning International Treaties. The obstacles faced are; (1) budget constraints with solutions to create a special budget and receive grant assistance; (2) commitment constraints with solutions in the form of utilizing existing technology; and (3) communication constraints with solutions in the form of short training of staff that will be on duty.
LEGALITAS PENGGUNAAN AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE DITINJAU DARI HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL Gian William Sumule
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v9i1.42861

Abstract

This thesis aims to research on the legality of the use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles or AUV according to International Law of the Sea. AUV in general is a small ship compared to ship. AUV is equipped with sophisticated technology where AUV is able to operate autonomously in international seas even without the full supervision of the State. AUV often equated with drones that operate below sea level. The presence of AUV in the international sea law regime is certainly a challenge in regulating the use of AUV. This also impacts on the definition, rights, obligations, and the state's responsibility for the use of AUV according to International Law of the Sea. The technology of AUV has several benefits for a country, such as being able to conduct research in an ocean depth that is not capable of being reached by humans AUV is able to use sensors to look for objects in the sea, as well as to find the debris of aircraft and ships that fall and sink to the sea. This study uses a normative research method which also studies through international treaties that regulate the management and use of marine areas that have been in force. 
Strategi Amerika Serikat di Era Trump: Dampak Kebijakan terhadap Hukum Internasional dalam Konteks Perang Rusia-Ukraina Sekar Dhani Lintang Baruna
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 10, No 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v10i2.100780

Abstract

Pada abad ke-21, Rusia muncul sebagai kekuatan dominan di Eropa Timur, namun ambisi untuk mempertahankan peranannya sebagai kekuatan global terhambat oleh tantangan domestik dan eksternal. Perang Rusia-Ukraina yang dimulai pada 2014, dipicu oleh ketegangan politik dalam negeri Ukraina dan aneksasi Crimea oleh Rusia, telah memperburuk ketegangan geopolitik di dunia. Kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat di bawah Presiden Donald Trump, yang mengedepankan doktrin "America First," memainkan peranan penting dalam memperburuk situasi. Dengan mengutamakan kepentingan nasional AS, Trump menekankan pendekatan yang lebih selektif dalam kebijakan luar negeri, mengurangi keterlibatan internasional dan fokus pada kawasan yang dianggap strategis. Hal ini memengaruhi dinamika geopolitik, khususnya dengan Rusia, yang semakin meningkatkan ketegangan internasional. Dampak dari kebijakan luar negeri ini mencakup kebijakan sanksi terhadap Rusia dan ketegangan dalam perdagangan energi dan komoditas antara Rusia, Ukraina, dan negara-negara Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat di bawah Trump memengaruhi konflik Rusia-Ukraina dan dampaknya terhadap stabilitas ekonomi global, serta hubungan internasional dalam konteks sanksi ekonomi dan ketegangan perdagangan energi.
ANALISIS MENGENAI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KOMANDO TERHADAP KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL DAN BERBASIS GENDER (KSBG) YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH BAWAHAN (DITINJAU DARI PUTUSAN ICC NO. ICC-01/05-01/08 DALAM KASUS PROSECUTOR V. JEAN-PIERRE BEMBA GOMBO) Bella Kurnia Putri
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v9i1.68554

Abstract

This study examines the legal argument of the doctrine of command responsibility in relation to sexual and gender based crimes in the light of the case of Prosecutor v. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo  (NO. ICC-01/05-01/08). To achieve such aim, the author analyzed the ICC Trial Chamber and Appeals Chamber judgements of the Gombo’s cases and was using a statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The author argues that the Trial Chamber judgement to sentence Gombo with 18 years of prison based on command responsibility under article 28 (a) of the Rome Statute is legally in compliance with international criminal law in which Gombo’s actions have fulfilled all the elements of command responsibility.The Trial Chamber’s judgement was also in line with international norms applicable in other areas of international law, such as international humanitarian law and international human rights law which prohibit any form of sexual violence. However, the Appeals Chamber’s judgement to acquit Gombo from all charges was rather controversial as there was a change of standard of review and a different view of the “necessary and reasonable measure” as one of the elements required in crimes relates to command responsibility.
International Transportation of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials through the Lombok Strait as Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane Muhammad Sujana Prawira; Rahmat Edhi Harianto
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 10, No 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v10i2.100753

Abstract

A literature review has been carried out to determine international and national legal frameworks regarding international transportation of nuclear and radioactive materials through the Lombok Strait in Indonesia. The Lombok Strait is one of the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes which has been regulated both in the national and international legal frameworks as a pathway between two oceans that passes through Indonesian waters. Transportation of goods by ship is passage of innocent as stated in Sea Law Convention. However, due to nuclear and radioactive materials are not ordinary goods, the safety and security of nuclear and radioactive materials should be ensured. The paper examines Indonesian national laws on nuclear and radioactive materials transport through Lombok Strait. Review results that apart from the carrier should comply with national and international legal frameworks, coordination between governmental agencies in Indonesia including local governments plays an important role in the innocent passage through the Lombok Strait. Finally, ensuring nuclear and radioactive materials transports are safe and secure in the context of international shipment is a necessity to ensure safety and security for workers, public and the environment.Keywords: Lombok Strait; nuclear; transport.
KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN ARBITRASE ASIMETRIS BERDASARKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Purkon Abdul Latip
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 9, No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v9i2.91041

Abstract

This research analyzes the problem of the validity of an asymmetrical arbitration agreement in international commercial arbitrations based on international law such as the New York Convention, the UNCITRAL Model Law and the principle of general law. This research is normative legal research. Data used secondary one including primary legal materials, secondary, and tertiary ones. The data collection technique used library research, and deductive logic data as an analysis techniques. The results show that the validity of the arbitration agreement is influenced by the national law governing the agreement between the parties, the national law where the place where an award is made and will be enforced as it in accordance with the New York Convention, and the UNCITRAL Model Law provisions. Thus, each jurisdiction will have different considerations and decisions in granting the validity of the asymmetric arbitration agreement as it influenced by the principle of general law interpretation each jurisdiction.
PEMENUHAN HAK PENDIDIKAN ANAK BAGI PENGUNGSI DAN PENCARI SUAKA DI INDONESIA (Tinjauan Berdasarkan Konvensi Hak Anak Tahun 1989) Etta Nethania
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v9i1.85237

Abstract

Terhitung pada Juli 2023, data resmi yang dikeluarkan oleh UNHCR mencatat sekitar 12.097 jiwa pengungsi mencari perlindungan di Indonesia meskipun Indonesia bukan merupakan negara penandatangan Konvensi Pengungsi 1951. Indonesia memang bukan merupakan negara peratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi 1951, namun Indonesia merupakan negara bagian dari The United Nations Convention on The Right of Childs 1989 yang membuat Indonesia harus memenuhi peraturan yang ada pada konvensi, tidak terkecuali peraturan pemenuhan hak pendidikan bagi pengungsi anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pemenuhan hak pendidikan pengungsi anak dan memberikan perbandingan ketentuan nasional yang dimiliki Indonesia dengan negara yang memiliki kondisi serupa seperti Thailand dan Malaysia sehingga menemukan best practice yang dapat digunakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam evaluasi ketentuan nasional bagi pemenuhan hak pendidikan pengungsi anak di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat ketidaksesuaian dalam ketentuan nasional Indonesia terhadap pemenuhan hak pendidikan pengungsi anak.
Peran Organisasi IOSCO dalam Membuat Rekomendasi Regulasi Kripto Internasional dan Mengantisipasi Kejahatan Rug pull Pada Dunia Kripto Fahrel Ahmad Zidane
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 10, No 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v10i2.100764

Abstract

Rug pull adalah bentuk penipuan dalam industri kripto yang terjadi ketika pengembang menarik likuiditas setelah mengumpulkan dana investor, menyebabkan token kehilangan nilai. Modus yang digunakan meliputi manipulasi harga (pump and dump), penyalahgunaan smart contract, dan roadmap palsu. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) mengeluarkan rekomendasi regulasi terkait pengawasan transaksi, pelaporan aktivitas mencurigakan, serta kepatuhan terhadap standar anti money laundering (AML) dan know your customer (KYC). Beberapa negara, seperti Singapura, Jepang, Amerika Serikat, dan Uni Eropa, telah menerapkan kebijakan ketat guna meningkatkan transparansi dan perlindungan investor. Namun, tantangan tetap ada, terutama dalam pengawasan bursa terdesentralisasi (DEX). Oleh karena itu, kerja sama internasional serta pengembangan teknologi regulasi diperlukan untuk mencegah rug pull dan menjaga stabilitas ekosistem kripto

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