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KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen
Published by sekolah tinggi teologi bethel ambon
ISSN : 27229033     EISSN : 27229033     DOI : 10.55798/kapata
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education,
Religion Humanities Education
dalam meningkatkan kompetensi dalam penelitian tetapi juga penulisan maka kami sangat merasa penting untuk bergabung dalam jurnal Garuda sehingga dapat menjadi wadah untuk kami dapat membagikan karya-karya kami terkait dengan perkembangan ilmu teknologi terkhususnya bagi eksistensi taman yang begitu pesat.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 48 Documents
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Penggunaan Analisis Kontekstual atau Analisis Konteks Sastra untuk Membangun Doktrin Teologi dalam Surat Galatia Andrew Lucas Tjong; Sri Binar; Priskila Elizabeth Rawung
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 4, No 1 (2023): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v4i1.158

Abstract

This research focuses on a contextual analysis to develop doctrine within the Epistle to the Galatians as a hermeneutical study. Contextual analysis is employed in order to uncover the theological content found in Galatians and to structure it according to coherent lines of thought. The study applies hermeneutics to the Epistle to the Galatians using contextual analysis, including both the immediate and broader context, to identify the interrelated connections within the text that form the integrity of the letter, thereby allowing theological doctrines to be drawn. Based on the method used, five doctrines are identified: Proper, Christology, Pneumatology, Soteriology, and Ecclesiology. Christology holds the most prominent place in Galatians, primarily because the central issue addressed in the letter concerns “a different gospel” (Gal. 1:6–7).
Pandangan Bapa-Bapa Gereja mengenai Kristus: Studi Komprehensif tentang Kristologi Patristik dan Perkembangan Sejarahnya Markus Santoso
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 6, No 1 (2025): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v6i1.151

Abstract

Christology as a major branch of Christian theology has undergone significant development since the time of the Church Fathers. Their thinking not only formed the basis of the doctrine of Christ, but also responded to various emerging theological challenges, such as Arianism, Nestorianism, and Monophysitis. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the views of the Church Fathers, especially Origen, Athanasius, Augustine, and Cyril of Alexandria, in formulating the doctrine of christology. The research method used is a qualitative approach with historical, theological, and philosophical analysis of primary and secondary sources. The results show that the Church Fathers have a great contribution to affirming the divinity and humanity of Christ and maintaining the orthodoxy of the church. Concepts such as homoousios and hypostatic unity that they formulated still have relevance in contemporary Christian theological discourse. Their thinking not only became the foundation for church doctrine, but also provided important insights into the challenges of faith and theological differences in the modern world. 
Antara Toleransi Dan Sinkretisme: Telaah Kritis Terhadap Pluralisme Dalam Kehidupan Sosial Dan Keagamaan Pada Masyarakat Indonesia Yang Majemuk Thio Donald Sugiarto
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 7, No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v7i1.170

Abstract

Pluralism is one of the most widely discussed concepts in contemporary social and religious studies. However, debates surrounding pluralism are often marked by conceptual ambiguity because social pluralism and religious pluralism are frequently treated as identical concepts. This situation gives rise to two equally problematic tendencies: syncretism, which obscures religious identity, and intolerance, which fosters hostility toward differences. Therefore, examining the boundaries of pluralism is essential within pluralistic societies that seek to preserve social harmony without compromising the integrity of religious convictions. This article is based on the thesis that social pluralism constitutes an important foundation for communal life, whereas religious pluralism, when developed into theological relativism, has the potential to blur religious identity and encourage syncretism. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research. Data were gathered from literature in the fields of sociology of religion, philosophy of religion, theology of religions, human rights, and religious freedom, and were analyzed through descriptive and critical approaches. The findings indicate that social pluralism contributes positively to democratic life, respect for human dignity, and cooperation across social identities. In contrast, religious pluralism faces conceptual difficulties when fundamental differences among religions are reduced to expressions that are assumed to be equally valid responses to the same reality. At the same time, the preservation of religious identity must not develop into intolerance. This article proposes a new concept, namely coexistence without relativism, as a model that rejects two opposing extremes: syncretism, which erases identity, and intolerance, which is hostile toward difference. This model enables respect for diversity while simultaneously preserving the integrity of each religious community’s beliefs.
Model Integrasi Teologi dan Pendidikan: Kajian Komparatif Pemikiran Agustinus dari Hippo, John Amos Comenius, Dan Paulo Freire Rumiyati Rumiyati
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 6, No 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v6i2.157

Abstract

This article examines models of integration between theology and education through a comparative analysis of three major figures: Augustine of Hippo (354–430 CE), John Amos Comenius (1592–1670 CE), and Paulo Freire (1921–1997 CE). Employing a qualitative research method based on library research and content analysis, this study identifies three distinct yet complementary integration models: the hierarchical-theocentric model (Augustine), the pansophic-encyclopedic model (Comenius), and the praxis-dialogical model (Freire). The analysis reveals that the development of theology-education integration models moves from a spiritualist-individual orientation toward a social-transformative orientation without losing its theological essence. A synthesis of these three models yields an integrative framework relevant to contemporary Christian education in Indonesia, encompassing epistemological, anthropological, and praxiological dimensions.
Dari Sunat Fisik ke Sunat Hati: Evolusi Makna Sunat dalam Iman Kristen Royke Lontoh
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 6, No 1 (2025): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v6i1.147

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of the meaning of circumcision in Christian faith from a physical covenantal sign in the Old Testament to the concept of “circumcision of the heart” in the New Testament. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach based on library research, this article analyzes biblical texts and theological perspectives concerning circumcision within the continuity of God’s covenant. The findings indicate that physical circumcision in the Old Testament functioned as a sign of God’s covenant with Israel, symbolizing identity, holiness, and obedience to the Law. However, the New Testament reinterprets circumcision as an inward spiritual transformation accomplished through faith in Christ and the work of the Holy Spirit. The Apostle Paul emphasizes that true circumcision is not merely external ritual practice but the renewal of the heart that produces a new life in Christ. Therefore, physical circumcision is no longer a requirement for salvation for non-Jewish Christians. This study concludes that the essence of Christian identity lies in spiritual transformation, obedience, and holiness manifested through the “circumcision of the heart.”
Keselamatan Sebagai Pembebasan Batin dan Penenbusan Ilahi: Analisis Komparatif Sapta Darma dan Teologi Reformed Widyawati Sultana; Jonathan Octavianus
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 7, No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v7i1.162

Abstract

This study is based on the reality that the understanding of salvation within religious societies is not singular, particularly in the pluralistic context of Indonesia. Sapta Darma, as one of the indigenous belief systems, views salvation as inner liberation achieved through spiritual exercises and a harmonious way of life, whereas Reformed theology understands salvation as the work of God in saving humanity from sin through Jesus Christ. This study aims to examine the concept of salvation in Sapta Darma, compare it with Reformed theology, and evaluate its theological implications. The method used is a qualitative approach through library research with descriptive, analytical, and comparative characteristics. The findings show that Sapta Darma emphasizes salvation as a subjective process of self-cultivation centered on inner experience, while Reformed theology emphasizes salvation as an objective act of God rooted in the redemptive work of Christ. This study concludes that the two concepts cannot be equated because they arise from fundamentally different foundations of thought. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative analysis of the concept of salvation in Sapta Darma from the perspective of Reformed theology.
Kristus sebagai Juruselamat dalam Perspektif Soteriologi Kristen: Relasi Anugerah, Iman, dan Keselamatan di Tengah Krisis Spiritualitas Modern Rendy Herwindo Wibisono
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 6, No 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v6i2.152

Abstract

This study examines Jesus Christ as the only Savior of humanity from the perspective of Christian soteriology by emphasizing the relationship between grace, faith, and Christ’s salvific work. The background of this research is rooted in the rise of religious relativism and the crisis of modern spirituality, which tend to reduce the meaning of Christian salvation to merely moral achievement and subjective spiritual experience. This study aims to analyze the sinful condition of humanity, the person and work of Jesus Christ, the concept of salvation by grace, and humanity’s response of faith toward God’s saving work. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach through biblical and theological analysis of Scripture, theological books, and relevant scholarly journals. The findings reveal that fallen humanity is incapable of saving itself and therefore requires a perfect Savior, namely Jesus Christ as fully God and fully human. Salvation is granted solely by the grace of God through Christ’s redemptive work on the cross and is received through faith in Him. Christ’s resurrection becomes the assurance of victory over sin and death as well as the foundation of eternal hope for believers. This study affirms that Christian salvation is Christ-centered and exclusive, making it highly relevant for strengthening the faith foundation of the church amid the challenges of pluralism and modern spiritual relativism. 
Rekonstruksi Kepemimpinan Gereja dari Paradigma Sarkikos menuju Pneumatikos: Analisis Teologis 1 Korintus 3:1–9 Victorius Soebagio; Yanto Paulus Hermanto
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 7, No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v7i1.171

Abstract

The issue of spiritual immaturity remains a persistent challenge within contemporary Christian communities, often manifested through divisions, leadership cults, and dependency on charismatic leaders. This study explores Paul’s teaching in 1 Corinthians 3:1–9 as a theological foundation for reconstructing church leadership from a sarkikos (fleshly) orientation toward a pneumatikos (spiritual) paradigm. Using a qualitative biblical-theological approach combined with contextual analysis of the Corinthian socio-cultural setting, this research examines Paul's critique of factionalism and his theology of ministry collaboration. The findings reveal that Paul reframes leadership as participatory service within God’s mission rather than hierarchical authority centered on personal charisma. The study contributes to contemporary ecclesiology by proposing a reconstructive leadership model rooted in spiritual maturity, collaborative ministry, and Christ-centered formation. Such a paradigm challenges modern churches to move beyond personality-driven leadership toward a spiritually formative community.
Studi Masa Bait Suci Kedua: Analisis terhadap Gulungan Perang (1QM, 1Q33, 4Q491–7, 4Q471) Andrew Lucas Tjong; Jonathan Octavianus
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 5, No 1 (2024): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v5i1.156

Abstract

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the mid-20th century opened up a significant treasure trove for the study of Second Temple Judaism. One of the most striking texts is the War Scroll (1QM) and its associated fragments (1Q33, 4Q491–497, 4Q471), which presents an eschatological narrative of divine warfare between the Sons of Light and the Sons of Darkness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the War Scrolls to understand their content, structure, theological meaning, and historical significance within the Dead Sea Scrolls and their relationship to the biblical text. This qualitative, literature-based study applies a historical-philological approach to analyze the manuscript’s paleography (Herodian Book-Hand), content analysis to dissect the text’s structure, and comparative analysis to compare the theology of the scrolls. The analysis shows that the War Scrolls are complex, multi-genre documents that combine military regulations, tactical strategies, and liturgical rhetoric. Paleographically, this manuscript belongs to the Herodian Book-Hand of the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. This text represents an ideological synthesis of the Community Rules and the Damascus Document, reflecting the life principles of the Qumran community into a strategy for physical and spiritual warfare in the end times. Furthermore, this text adapts the Old Testament tradition of holy war (such as the prophecies of Daniel and Ezekiel) and shares apocalyptic patterns with the New Testament (Book of Revelation and Pauline Epistles) although it differs in its messianic exclusivity. The War Scroll represents the dramatic culmination of the theological system of the Qumran community, depicting their active role as instruments of future divine judgment. This study contributes significantly to providing a historical framework for the development of Second Temple Period biblical theology. 
Mirroring Treatment dalam Perspektif Kristen: Pembentukan Karakter Melalui Teladan Yesus Hendri Hendri
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 6, No 1 (2025): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v6i1.148

Abstract

This article examines the concept of Mirroring Treatment from a Christian perspective as a theological approach to character formation through the Word of God, the example of Jesus Christ, and the work of the Holy Spirit. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach through the analysis of biblical texts and relevant theological literature. The findings reveal that humanity was originally created in the image and likeness of God to reflect His character fully. However, the fall into sin damaged this reflective function, causing humans to reflect sinful nature rather than the character of God. Through the Word of God as a spiritual mirror, individuals become aware of their sinful condition and are called to repentance and renewal. Jesus Christ becomes the primary model and standard in this restorative process, while the Holy Spirit transforms believers progressively into the likeness of Christ. This study concludes that Christian Mirroring Treatment is not merely a form of psychological reflection or moral improvement, but a Christ-centered and continuous spiritual transformation process in Christian character formation.

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