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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by TALENTA PUBLISHER
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374888     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v11i1
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU merupakan jurnal elektronik yang mempublikasikan karya ilmiah di bidang teknik kimia yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal ini tidak terbatas pada mahasiswa dan dosen Universitas Sumatera Utara, tetapi terbuka untuk mahasiswa, dosen dan peneliti dari instansi lain.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 337 Documents
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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kapang dan Lama Waktu Fermentasi terhadap Kadar Bioetanol dari Limbah Kulit Singkong (Manihot esculenta) Setyawan Jati, Sasani; Widayatno, Tri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.8279

Abstract

The purpose of this research is the manufacture of bioethanol by utilizing cassava peel, this process is through acid hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Making bioethanol with variations in the effect of the rate of fermentation time (5th days and 10th days), as well as with variations in the amount of mold concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%). The mold used is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, then the mixed bioethanol is separated through the distillation process and will produce bioethanol. Based on the data obtained, the highest ethanol content was found in the variation of the addition of 30% mold on the 5th day of 8.09% and the lowest ethanol content was found in the variation of the addition of 10% mold on the 10th days of 5.86%. This proves that each variation has an optimum value in producing bioethanol content from cassava peels.
Pengujian Kualitas Biodiesel dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dengan Katalis Heterogen Abu Daun Kucai (Allium schoenoprasum): Parameter Berat Katalis, Rasio Mol Minyak Terhadap Metanol dan Waktu Reaksi Bani, Okta; David; Febianto, Toby
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.8924

Abstract

The Chives’s Plant (Allium schoenoprasum) came from the wild ancestors that is the native of European and Asian. The ash of chive leaves contain considerable amount of metal, enabling its usage as catalyst in the making of biodiesel. Based on the Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) characterization, chive leaf ash calcined at 600 ˚C contained 26.14% potassium oxide, 17.55 calcium oxide, 21.94% carbon, and 22.05% phosphorus pentoxide. The ash of chive leaves later on, used as the catalyst on the biodiesel making from the palm oil. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.42% was achieved at reaction temperature of 60 ˚C, 3% catalyst amount, ratio of oil and methanol 1:12, and reaction time 120 minutes. Based on its density, viscosity, moisture, and total glycerol biodiesel has met the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7182:2015. However, the purity of biodiesel still haven’t met the standards, in which methyl ester content was 69.13% and the triglyceride was 18.83%.
Evaluasi Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) di PT. Rohul Sawit Industri Yasmin Nabilah; Putri, Tanti Nabella; Widiasa, I Nyoman; Tito, Adryan; Adyaksa, M. Nur
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.8969

Abstract

This paper reports the performance evaluation results of the wastewater treatment plant and the quality of the effluent from the palm oil mill of PT. Rohul Sawit Industri in 2021, which uses Ponding System methods. PT. Rohul Sawit Industri are allowed to reuse the results of their waste treatment into the Land Application System. The faculative waste is monitored once a month where the data is in accordance with the UKL–UPL matrix. In the liquid waste test, samples of liquid waste are taken from the last outlet which will be flowed to the study area, referring to the applicable water sampling method. The results of laboratory tests showed that for 6 months the pH was relatively constant between ​​7–8 and the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)  was always below 5,000 mg/L. Both of these parameters have met the quality standards that have been set in the Decree of the State Minister of the Environment No. 29th in 2003. The level of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in wastewater is between 1912.2 mg/L–9389.67 mg/L, oil and fat content in wastewater is between 6.1 mg/L–15.3 mg/L, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) liquid waste is between 700 mg/L–55,920 mg/L, ammonia levels in palm oil waste are around 62.5 mg/L–215.5 mg/L, Pb levels in waste are between 0 .08 mg/L–0.155 mg/L, Cu levels in waste are always less than 0.005 mg/L, Cd levels in sewage are always less than 0.01 mg/L, and Zn levels in waste are between 0.012 mg/L–0.098 mg/L. Based on this, the processing of liquid waste from the palm oil mill of PT. Rohul Sawit Industri is quite good because the quality of the liquid waste is still below the quality standard.
Analisis Kuat Tarik dan Umur Perekat Poliamida Berbasis Gelatin dan Asam Adipat dengan Variasi Jumlah Minyak Sawit sebagai Pemlastis Santosa, Alvin Rizani Ardiansyah; Zain, Anisya Salsabiela; Pancasakti, Bima Prasetya; Budhijanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.9115

Abstract

The adhesive that is widely used today is the synthetic one, which is carcinogenic to humans. It is necessary to produce adhesives based on natural resources (bioadhesive) to reduce the use of synthetic adhesive. Gelatin is a compound that has amine groups, while adipic acid is an organic acid that has carboxylic groups in its chemical structure so they can be primary ingredients to make adhesive. The research objective is to reduce the use of synthetic adhesives with best quality of bioadhesive. The steps of making the adhesives included polymerization reaction and hydrolyzed palm oil addition. The polymerization reaction is carried out in batches at 90 ℃ and 1 atm with mole ratio palm oil to gelatin variety of 0; 0.04; 0.08; 0.17; 0.33; 0.5; and 1. The best result for tensile strength is the ratio of 0.33 mole ratio of palm oil to gelatin for 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days of curing time, respectively 1575.71 kPa, 2197.30 kPa, 3387.31 kPa, dan 3708.23 kPa.
Optimasi Pengaruh Waktu Kontak dan Dosis Adsorben Limbah Daun Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) dengan Metode Isoterm Adsorpsi Langmuir Kusumaningrum, Dinar Ika Pambudi; Sudarni, Dyan Hatining Ayu; Wahyuningsih, Sri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.9119

Abstract

Liquid waste from the textile industry contains harmful dyes that can damage the environment. Pollution to the environment can be minimized by processing dye waste before being discharged into rivers or sewers. The dye waste treatment process can be carried out using the adsorption method. The adsorbent used was non-activated and acid-activated eucalyptus leaf waste (HCl 2 M). The solution used as adsorbate is malachite green. This study aims to optimize the absorbance level of eucalyptus (Melaleuca cajuputi) leaf waste against malachite green dye using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm method. The variables used are the mass variation of the adsorbent, the contact time and the adsorption isotherm model. The absorption efficiency value produced by the adsorbent of eucalyptus leaf waste with 2 M HCl activation was 87.4279%. Meanwhile, the non-activated adsorbent is 86.0290%. For time variations of 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes on 2 M HCl activated adsorbent resulted in an absorbance of 0.026; 0.022; and 0.02. Based on the graph of the relationship between Ce and Ce/Qe for the non-activated adsorbent, R2 was obtained at 0.7039 while the 2 M HCl activation was 0.966. So, the eucalyptus leaf waste can be used as an adsorbent without a carbonization process, only needs to be given activation treatment using an acid solution.
Biosintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO-NPs) Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Kenitu (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) Syamsul Arifin, Fawaid; Nazriati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.9127

Abstract

Nanoparticles are materials that have superior properties compared to similar materials that are larger in size when used as raw materials. One of the nanoparticles that is trending and has many applications is zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). This study aimed to synthesize ZnO-NPs using kenitu leaf extract (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) and determine the effect of extract composition and pH on the size of ZnO-NPs. Kenitu leaf extract can prevent agglomeration in the synthesis of nanoparticles because it contains secondary metabolites such as antioxidants and polyphenols. ZnO-NPs were synthesized using green method by reacting kenitu leaf extract with zinc sulfate. The success of the synthesis was indicated by the similarity of the peaks of the synthesized compounds to the standard peaks of ZnO in X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and supported by the presence of Zn-O vibrations in the 405-768 cm-1 region in Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. Analysis of UV-Vis spectra showed that ZnO-NPs were relatively stable at wavelength of 308-330 nm with an absorption peak at 317 nm and a bandgap energy of 3.25 eV. The results of FTIR characterization showed the presence of vibrations of the carbonyl and hydroxy groups in kenitu leaf extract. The results of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)  characterization showed that the ZnO-NPs synthesized using 10 mL kenitu leaf extract at pH 7 with 0.15 M zinc sulfate had predominantly spherical shape with a size of 14.10 nm. Based on experiment result addition of kenitu leaf extract may reduce the size of ZnO-NPs, while increase of mixture pH during formation reaction of ZnO-NPs may increase the size of ZnO-NPs.
Pengaruh Selulosa Nanokristal dari Serat Buah Kelapa Sawit sebagai Pengisi dan Kalium Klorida sebagai Agen Pendispersi Terhadap Sifat Fisik Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Biji Alpukat (Persea americana) M. Thoriq Al Fath; Lubis, Maulida; Ayu, Ghendis Ekawati; Dalimunthe, Nisaul Fadilah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.9239

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and potassium chloride (KCl) to bioplastics from avocado seed starch and glycerol as plasticizer. In this study, nanocrystal cellulose obtained from palm fruit fiber was hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at a concentration of 50%. The starch used in this study was obtained from the avocado seed extraction process. On producing bioplastic, the casting method was used with the addition of nanocrystal cellulose as filler of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (%w), KCl as dispersing agent of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% (%w), and glycerol as plasticizer by 30 (%w). Based on the density test, the optimum value was obtained at 2% of nanocrystal cellulose and 2% of KCl with the value around 0.041 gram/cm3. The best water absorption values were 57.1% and 53.8% which obtained at 2% of nanocrystal cellulose and 1% of KCl. Scanning Electron Microscope test results showed uniformly distributed nanocrystal cellulose granules filling the surface of the bioplastic. The addition of KCl as dispersion agent give a good impact.
Pemanfaatan Tandan Pisang Kepok sebagai Sumber Alkali pada Pembuatan Sabun Cair Amelia, Reny Elvira; Hasibuan, Rosdanelli; Irvan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v12i1.5383

Abstract

Kepok banana bunches were used as a source of natural alkali in the study of determining the ratio of coconut oil and palm oil in the saponification process using banana bunch ash. Alkali is obtained from the calcination process with variations in temperature of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C for 4 hours. Characterization of potassium from Kepok banana bunch ash using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer resulted in the highest potassium being 58.41% at 600 °C. The potassium obtained is used as a source of alkali in the saponification process of liquid bath soap. In this study, variations in the amount of alkali (30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%), the ratio of coconut oil and palm oil (60:40, 70:30, 80:20, and 90:10 (w/w)) with reaction times were carried out 2.5 hours, 3 hours, and 3.5 hours. The best liquid bath soap was obtained at a ratio of 70:30 (w/w) coconut oil and palm oil and 30% alkali with a reaction time of 2.5 hours which was 81.34%.
Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Pirolisis terhadap Karakteristik Arang dari Tempurung Kelapa Hasibuan, Rosdanelli; Pardede, Hans Martua
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v12i1.8534

Abstract

The increased production of coconut has increased by the shell produced, even though this coconut shell has lignin content of 33.30% so it has the potential to be converted into charcoal through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that occurs without air or with little air to convert biomass into charcoal. Coconut shell charcoal can be used for coal co-firing in developing new and renewable energy. This study aimed to obtain the best pyrolysis temperature and time in the manufacture of high-calorific value coconut shell charcoal in accordance with SNI 06-4369-1996. Coconut shell pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C and pyrolysis times of 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours. The results showed that charcoal with the highest calorific value was produced at a temperature of 450 °C and a pyrolysis time of 3 hours. The resulting charcoal had calorific value of 7,750.96 cal/g, yield of 30.10%, and contained 2.75% water, 2.70% ash and 9.50% volatile matter.
Pengaruh Komposisi Bahan Baku dan Ukuran Partikel Terhadap Kualitas Biobriket dari Cangkang Buah Karet dan Ranting Kayu Iriany; Hasibuan, Rosdanelli; Novita, Dian; Ummah, Nisa’a Mufidatul
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v12i1.9818

Abstract

Biobriquette is a solid fuel derived from raw materials that can be renewed continuously because it is made from a mixture of biomass such as wood, twigs, leaves, grass, straw and other agricultural wastes. The research aims to examine the effect of variations in the composition of raw materials and particle sizes were 50 mesh, 70 mesh, 100 mesh, and 120 mesh. This research was started by carrying out the pyrolysis process on the raw material with temperature 350 oC for sixty minutes, then the refined pyrolysis charcoal powder was mixed with starch adhesive 10% of the weight of the raw material which was then manually pressed cylindrical. The measurement results in this research were compared with quality parameters based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI), Japan, England, and America. The best result for this research is obtained at a ratio of rubber fruit shells and wood twigs 1:5 with a particle size of 100 mesh, that is with inherent moisture of 4.50%, ash content of 2.19%, volatile matter of 13.73%, density 2.2502 g/cm3, and caloric value 6,653.60 cal/g.

Page 29 of 34 | Total Record : 337

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