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Environmental sanitation and risk of stunting among under-five children: A cross-sectional study Sarwoko, Sabtian
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.698

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, where environmental sanitation conditions continue to pose significant health risks. Inadequate access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation facilities, and appropriate waste management increases children’s exposure to recurrent infections that may impair linear growth during the first 1,000 days of life. Despite national efforts to accelerate stunting reduction, sanitation-related risk factors remain prevalent in rural priority districts. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between environmental sanitation and the risk of stunting among children under five years of age in Jayapura Subdistrict, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, Indonesia. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2022 involving 280 children aged 12–59 months selected from a population of 1,026 eligible children. Data on drinking water quality, toilet use, solid waste management, and wastewater management were collected through structured interviews and direct household observations. Stunting status was determined using height-for-age Z-scores based on WHO Child Growth Standards. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s Exact Test at a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of stunting was 13.6%. Poor drinking water quality, lack of toilet use, inadequate solid waste management, and improper wastewater management were significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.001). Children living in households with unsafe drinking water had a stunting prevalence of 25.6%, compared with 4.9% among those with safe water. The highest proportion of stunting (28.9%) was observed among children exposed to poor wastewater management. Conclusion: Environmental sanitation factors are significantly associated with stunting among under-five children. Strengthening access to safe water, improved sanitation facilities, and proper waste and wastewater management is essential to reduce stunting risk in rural priority areas. Integrated environmental and nutritional interventions are recommended to accelerate sustainable stunting reduction.

Integrating progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery based on adaptation model for pain management in ovarian cancer: A nursing case study KK, Indra Frana Jaya; Nainggolan, Sutrisari Sabrina; Ningsih, Deasy Kurnia; Cahya, Febriani; Amalah, Frita Anesia; Rahayu, Rita Puji; Maharani, Shinta
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.702

Background: Ovarian cancer frequently causes severe pain and psychological distress that negatively affect patients’ physiological and psychological well-being. Effective pain management in oncology nursing requires comprehensive strategies that combine pharmacological treatment with supportive non-pharmacological interventions. However, evidence regarding the integration of these techniques within the Roy Adaptation Model for pain management in ovarian cancer patients remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of integrating Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Guided Imagery based on the Roy Adaptation Model to reduce pain and anxiety in patients with ovarian cancer through a nursing case study. Methods: This study employed a descriptive case study design conducted in the Paviliun Cemara ward at RSUD Siti Fatimah, South Sumatra Province. Three ovarian cancer patients experiencing acute pain were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out through interviews, physical examination, observation, and measurement of pain and anxiety levels using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The intervention consisted of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Guided Imagery sessions administered twice daily for three consecutive days. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing changes in pain and anxiety scores before and after the intervention. Results: The findings showed a consistent reduction in pain intensity and anxiety levels among all participants after the intervention. Patient 1 experienced a decrease in pain from NRS 7 to 3 and anxiety from HARS 24 to 12. Patient 2 showed a reduction in pain from NRS 8 to 0 and anxiety from HARS 18 to 8. Patient 3 demonstrated improvement with pain decreasing from NRS 8 to 2 and anxiety from HARS 25 to 10. Improvements were also observed in physiological parameters and patient comfort levels, indicating positive adaptive responses to the intervention. Conclusion: The integration of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Guided Imagery based on the Roy Adaptation Model demonstrated beneficial effects in reducing pain and anxiety among patients with ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that relaxation-based nursing interventions may serve as effective complementary strategies in oncology pain management and support patient adaptation to illness.

Perceived susceptibility and vaccine hesitancy among mothers in completing basic immunization: A qualitative study Amita, Dzikra Fitria; Risdianti, Helza; Firstania, Aurellia; Zaharany, Tsania Ayu; Rajagukguk, Sartika; Khoirot, Risyda Ma'arifatul; Fajri, Dinda Nur; Gunawan, Annisa Pratiwi; Pitora, Tobi
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.705

Background: Immunization is a highly effective public health intervention to reduce child morbidity and mortality. However, declining immunization coverage in several regions of Indonesia, including North Bengkulu Regency, reflects growing vaccine hesitancy. In Arga Makmur, concerns about post-immunization adverse events (KIPI) influence mothers’ decisions, indicating a shift in perceived susceptibility within the Health Belief Model. Objective: This study aimed to explore mothers’ perceived susceptibility related to childhood immunization and how these perceptions contribute to vaccine hesitancy in Arga Makmur, North Bengkulu. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between October and November 2022 in the working area of the Argamakmur Community Health Center, North Bengkulu Regency, Indonesia. Nine mothers of children with incomplete immunization status were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis. Results: Four major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) fear that injections could cause illness in children, (2) suspicion regarding the safety of vaccines and medications, (3) perceptions that children were physically weak or unfit to receive immunization, and (4) fatalistic beliefs reflected in surrender to divine destiny. Mothers tended to perceive the risks associated with vaccination as more immediate and threatening than the risks posed by vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. These perceptions were reinforced by misinformation, social narratives, and personal observations of post-immunization reactions. Conclusion: Vaccine hesitancy among mothers in Arga Makmur is strongly associated with a shift in perceived susceptibility—from concern about infectious diseases toward fear of vaccine-related risks. Addressing this imbalance requires effective risk communication, strengthening trust in healthcare providers, counteracting misinformation, and implementing culturally and religiously sensitive health promotion strategies to improve immunization acceptance.

The Relationship between locus of control based on King’s theory of goal attainment and nurses’ performance in hospitals: A cross-sectional study Dinah, Nur Eka Djihan; Setyowati, Wahyu Endang; Abdurrouf, Muh
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.710

Background: Nurses’ performance is a central determinant of hospital service quality, patient safety, and continuity of care. In demanding clinical environments, performance is influenced not only by organizational conditions but also by psychological factors, including locus of control. Within the perspective of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, locus of control is relevant because nurses’ beliefs about personal control may shape communication, responsibility, decision making, and the achievement of care goals. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between locus of control based on King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and nurses’ performance in hospitals. Methods: This study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at Weda Hospital, Central Halmahera Regency, North Maluku, Indonesia, in September 2025. The population consisted of 145 nurses working in the Male Internal Medicine Ward and Neurology Ward. A total of 117 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. Locus of control was measured using a 16-item questionnaire, while nurses’ performance was assessed using a 15-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate statistics, cross-tabulation, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Most respondents were aged 36–45 years (29.9%), female (72.6%), held a bachelor’s degree (66.7%), and had 21–30 years of work experience (32.5%). Internal locus of control was the most common category (45.3%), while low nurses’ performance was slightly more frequent (37.6%) than high performance (35.9%). Cross-tabulation showed that nurses with external locus of control were predominantly in the low-performance category (60.5%), whereas those with internal locus of control were predominantly in the high-performance category (52.8%). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between locus of control and nurses’ performance (r = 0.479; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.32–0.62). Conclusion: Locus of control was significantly associated with nurses’ performance in the hospital setting. Nurses with stronger internal control beliefs tended to demonstrate better performance. These findings suggest that strengthening nurses’ personal agency, responsibility, and goal-oriented professional attitudes may contribute to improving nursing performance and the quality of hospital care.

Association between physical housing conditions and pulmonary tuberculosis incidence: A cross-sectional study Meliyanti, Fera
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.714

Background: Environmental determinants, particularly physical housing conditions, play an important role in facilitating the transmission of airborne infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Poor ventilation, overcrowded living conditions, inadequate lighting, and substandard housing structures may increase the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission within households and communities. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between physical housing conditions and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Pengaringan, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a descriptive analytical approach using a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted from October to December 2025 among suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending UPTD Puskesmas Pengaringan. The study population consisted of 115 suspected tuberculosis patients, and a sample of 89 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula with a 5% margin of error. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through structured interviews and direct observational measurements of housing conditions. Data analysis included univariate analysis to describe variable distributions and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test with a significance level of α = 0.05 to examine associations between housing conditions and pulmonary tuberculosis incidence. Results: The results showed that 17 respondents (19.1%) were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Bivariate analysis demonstrated significant associations between physical housing conditions and pulmonary tuberculosis incidence, including ventilation area (p = 0.026), residential density (p = 0.047), floor type (p = 0.021), and household lighting (p = 0.011). Respondents living in houses with inadequate ventilation, overcrowded conditions, inappropriate floor materials, and insufficient lighting had a higher proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis cases compared with those living in houses that met health standards. Conclusion: Physical housing conditions are significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the study area. Improvements in household environmental conditions, including adequate ventilation, appropriate housing density, suitable floor materials, and sufficient lighting, are essential components of community-based tuberculosis prevention strategies.

Factors associated with family adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy based on the health belief model: A systematic review Gutteres, Domingos; Luthfa, Iskim; Setyowati, Wahyu Endang
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.709

Background: Family adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) plays an important role in preventing tuberculosis transmission and progression among household contacts. The Health Belief Model (HBM) provides a useful framework for explaining how families perceive risk, severity, benefits, and barriers related to preventive therapy. However, evidence on factors associated with family adherence to TPT based on the HBM remains scattered across studies and has not been synthesized comprehensively. Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize factors associated with family adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model. Methods: This study used a systematic review design. Literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect for articles published between 2019 and 2025 in English or Indonesian. The review included empirical studies that examined family-related adherence to tuberculosis treatment or preventive therapy and studies that used or reflected HBM constructs. Data were extracted using a structured form and synthesized narratively according to HBM domains and family-related adherence factors. Results: Eight studies were included in the final synthesis. The findings showed that family support consistently influenced adherence behavior in tuberculosis treatment and preventive therapy. Perceived benefits emerged as the strongest predictor of TPT acceptance, while perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy were also significantly associated with adherence-related behavior. Knowledge and attitudes contributed to treatment adherence, and HBM-based educational interventions improved medication adherence, nutritional practices, and transmission prevention behavior. Conclusion: Family adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy is a multidimensional behavioral outcome influenced by family support, HBM-related perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and contextual barriers. The Health Belief Model provides a relevant theoretical basis for understanding and strengthening adherence in family and household contexts.

The impact of quality of nursing care on patient satisfaction: A systematic review Hermansyah, Hermansyah; Sari, Dyah Wiji Puspita; Abdurrouf, Muh; Ardian, Iwan
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.711

Background: Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of healthcare quality and reflects how patients evaluate the care they receive during treatment. Among the determinants of patient satisfaction, the quality of nursing care has a particularly important role because nurses maintain the most continuous contact with patients across healthcare settings. A systematic synthesis is therefore needed to clarify how the quality of nursing care influences patient satisfaction. Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify, synthesize, and interpret the available evidence on the impact of quality of nursing care on patient satisfaction across various healthcare settings. Methods: This study used a systematic review design. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Directory of Open Access Journals for studies published between 2015 and 2025. The search strategy used combinations of keywords related to nursing care, nursing service quality, and patient satisfaction in English and Indonesian. Studies were included if they examined patients receiving care in hospitals, primary healthcare centers, or clinics and reported patient satisfaction in relation to nursing care. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized narratively. Results: The findings consistently showed that better quality of nursing care was associated with higher patient satisfaction across inpatient, outpatient, primary care, and specialty care settings. Interpersonal dimensions of nursing care, particularly responsiveness, attention, caring behavior, and therapeutic communication, emerged as the most influential contributors to patient satisfaction. Several studies also indicated that patient satisfaction was shaped by contextual factors such as hospital type, educational level, income, and service organization. Conclusion: The quality of nursing care has a meaningful and consistent impact on patient satisfaction across diverse healthcare contexts. Nursing care that is responsive, communicative, caring, and patient-centered contributes substantially to favorable patient evaluations of care.

Procedural implementation of the hospital integrated referral system (Sistem Rujukan Terintegrasi/ SISRUTE) in Indonesia: A systematic review Anggraini, Septi; Amal, Akhmad Ikhlasul; Melastuti, Erna
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.713

Background: The Integrated Referral System (Sistem Rujukan Terintegrasi or SISRUTE) has been introduced in Indonesia to strengthen coordination, timeliness, and continuity of patient referrals across health care facilities. However, the available evidence remains dispersed across local studies and broader referral system literature. Objective: This review aimed to examine the procedural implementation of SISRUTE in hospitals in Indonesia and to identify the factors that influence its effectiveness, supporting conditions, and implementation barriers within referral service procedures. Methods: This study employed a systematic review design. Literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect using combinations of terms related to SISRUTE, patient referral, emergency referral, and hospitals. Studies published between 2021 and 2025, available in full text, and relevant to SISRUTE implementation in Indonesian health care settings were considered. Data from the included studies were extracted systematically and synthesized using a narrative approach. Results: Ten studies were included in the final review. The findings showed that SISRUTE and other digital referral systems generally improved referral efficiency, accelerated response time, and strengthened coordination between health facilities. Hospital-based evidence indicated that referral response commonly occurred within a short time frame, while digital referral implementation also contributed to improved workflow efficiency and user satisfaction. However, implementation remained constrained by limited bed capacity, inadequate infrastructure, uneven system integration, information quality issues, and variations in staff readiness. The review also found that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions influenced system use, whereas broader evidence emphasized the importance of interoperability, training, and organizational support. Conclusion: The procedural implementation of SISRUTE in hospitals in Indonesia shows substantial potential to improve referral management and service coordination. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the system depends on technological readiness, institutional capacity, and sustained support for health workers. Strengthening infrastructure, integrating referral platforms with hospital service systems, and improving workforce preparedness are essential to optimize the contribution of SISRUTE to hospital referral quality in Indonesia.

Determinants of medication adherence among patients with tuberculosis in Ogan Komering Ulu, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study Heryanto, Eko
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.718

Background: Medication adherence among tuberculosis patients is influenced by multiple behavioral, social, and healthcare-related factors. In many developing regions, challenges related to patient knowledge, family involvement, treatment perceptions, and healthcare education continue to affect the success of tuberculosis treatment programs. Understanding the determinants of medication adherence is therefore essential for improving treatment outcomes and strengthening tuberculosis control strategies at the community level. Objective: This study aimed to identify the determinants of medication adherence among patients with tuberculosis in Ogan Komering Ulu, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach conducted at the UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Agung, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The study population consisted of all tuberculosis patients registered in the TB treatment program between January and August 2025. A total sampling technique was used, resulting in 44 respondents participating in the study. Data were collected using structured interviews with a questionnaire measuring patient knowledge, family support, perceptions of anti-tuberculosis drug side effects, quality of health education provided by healthcare workers, and medication adherence. Data analysis included univariate analysis to describe variable distributions and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that 72.7% of respondents were adherent to anti-tuberculosis medication, while 27.3% were non-adherent. Bivariate analysis revealed that patient knowledge (p = 0.003), family support (p < 0.001), perception of drug side effects (p = 0.001), and quality of health education provided by healthcare workers (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with medication adherence. Patients with good knowledge, supportive family environments, positive perceptions of medication side effects, and high-quality educational support from healthcare providers demonstrated higher adherence rates during tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion: Medication adherence among tuberculosis patients is significantly influenced by knowledge, family support, perceptions of medication side effects, and the quality of healthcare education. Strengthening patient education, promoting family involvement in treatment supervision, and improving communication between healthcare providers and patients may enhance adherence behavior and improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes.

Effect of finger-holding technique on pain and anxiety in patients after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): A quasi-experimental study Yanti S, Novi; Ashra, Fauzi; Apriadi, Dwi; Junios, Junios; Putra, Yuhendri; Liza, Fera
Lentera Perawat Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : School of Health Sciences Al-Ma'arif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/lp.v7i1.719

Background: Patients undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate frequently experience postoperative pain and anxiety during the early recovery phase. Non-pharmacological nursing interventions may help improve patient comfort and psychological stability during this period. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of the finger-holding technique on pain and anxiety among patients after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design was conducted at Siti Fatimah Hospital Palembang from July to September 2025. Thirty-four postoperative patients were recruited using purposive sampling and divided into an intervention group (n=17) and a control group (n=17). The intervention group received the finger-holding relaxation technique twice daily for three days in addition to standard postoperative care, while the control group received standard care only. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale, and anxiety levels were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative tests with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Both groups experienced reductions in pain and anxiety after the treatment period. The intervention group demonstrated a greater reduction in mean pain score from 6.47 to 2.06 compared with the control group, which decreased from 7.00 to 4.76. Anxiety scores in the intervention group decreased from 11.88 to 4.24, whereas the control group decreased from 11.53 to 7.18. Statistical analysis showed significant improvements in both groups, with a stronger effect observed in the intervention group. Conclusion: The finger-holding technique effectively reduces pain and anxiety in patients after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and may serve as a simple complementary nursing intervention to improve postoperative comfort.

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M. Agung Abar

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+6281377994124

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lenteraperawat@stikesalmaarif.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Dr. M. Hatta No.687-B, Sukaraya, Kec. Baturaja Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Sumatera Selatan

Location
Kab. ogan komering ulu,

Sumatera selatan

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Agung Abar

Contact Email magungakbar24@gmail.com

Phone +6281377994124

Journal Mail Official lenteraperawat@stikesalmaarif.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Dr. M. Hatta No.687-B, Sukaraya, Kec. Baturaja Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Sumatera Selatan

Location Kab. ogan komering ulu, Sumatera selatan INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Agung Abar

Contact Email
magungakbar24@gmail.com

Phone
+6281377994124

Journal Mail Official
lenteraperawat@stikesalmaarif.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Dr. M. Hatta No.687-B, Sukaraya, Kec. Baturaja Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Sumatera Selatan

Location
Kab. ogan komering ulu,

Sumatera selatan

INDONESIA