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All Journal Cendekia Medika : Jurnal Stikes Al-Ma`arif Baturaja Journal of Community Nursing and Primary Care Indonesian Journal of Health Services
KK, Indra Frana Jaya
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Dentistry Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Family support in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A literature review KK, Indra Frana Jaya; Putri, Amelia; Wijaya, Brahma Putra; Zulkarnaen, Ahmad
Journal of Community Nursing and Primary Care Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): July - Desember
Publisher : Science Center Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63202/jcnpc.v1i2.41

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence among the elderly and requires long-term management to prevent complications. Effective diabetes management depends not only on medical treatment but also on consistent self-care behaviors and medication adherence, in which family support plays an essential role. Objective: This study aimed to examine the role of family support in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among elderly patients through a literature review. Methods: A literature review was conducted by analyzing relevant articles published in international peer-reviewed journals focusing on family support and diabetes management in elderly populations. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to study population, family support dimensions, and diabetes management outcomes. The selected literature was systematically reviewed and synthesized to identify patterns and key findings regarding the role of family support. Results: The findings demonstrated that family support, including emotional, informational, and instrumental support, was associated with improved glycemic control, better medication adherence, enhanced self-care behaviors, and improved quality of life among elderly patients with T2DM. However, several barriers were identified, such as limited family knowledge about diabetes management and restricted access to healthcare services, which may reduce the effectiveness of family support. Conclusion: Family support plays a critical role in the effective management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the elderly. Strengthening family-centered health education and integrating family involvement into long-term diabetes care models are recommended to optimize clinical outcomes and improve the overall quality of life of elderly patients with T2DM.
Effect of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in patients with bronchial asthma KK, Indra Frana Jaya
Indonesian Journal of Health Services Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): January - March
Publisher : Science Center Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63202/ijhs.v1i1.5

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by airway narrowing and increased airway resistance, leading to recurrent episodes of dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. Effective nursing management of asthma requires the identification and control of trigger factors as well as supportive interventions to improve respiratory function. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be applied in nursing care is the Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, which aims to enhance ventilation efficiency and oxygenation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in patients with bronchial asthma. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 37 patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma were recruited using purposive sampling. Participants received the diaphragmatic breathing exercise intervention. Data were collected by measuring respiratory rate and oxygen saturation before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine differences between pretest and posttest values. Results: The findings indicated a significant improvement in respiratory parameters after the intervention. The mean respiratory rate decreased from 24.95 (SD = 1.649) at pretest to 17.54 (SD = 1.789) at posttest, showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). Oxygen saturation also demonstrated a significant change, with a mean pretest value of 96.16 (SD = 1.068) and a posttest value of 98.62 (SD = 0.681) (p = 0.000). These results suggest that diaphragmatic breathing exercise contributes to improved respiratory efficiency and oxygenation among patients with bronchial asthma. Conclusion: The implementation of diaphragmatic breathing exercise significantly reduces respiratory rate and improves oxygen saturation in patients with bronchial asthma. This intervention can be incorporated into nursing care as a simple, non-pharmacological strategy to enhance respiratory function and support holistic patient management. Nurses are encouraged to provide education and training on diaphragmatic breathing exercises as part of comprehensive asthma care.
NURSING CARE USING HANDHELD FANS (BASED ON ROY'S ADAPTATION MODEL) FOR PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPNEUMONIA AND DYSPNEA KK, Indra Frana Jaya; Zulfikri, Ahmad; Pratiwi, Afrida; Ningsih, Deasy Kurnia; Cahya, Febriani; Ayunani, Sabrina; Akbar, M Agung
Cendekia Medika: Jurnal Stikes Al-Ma`arif Baturaja Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January - March
Publisher : LPPM STIKES Al-Ma'arif Baturaja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52235/cendekiamedika.v11i1.670

Abstract

Bronchopneumonia remains a common respiratory condition that frequently leads to impaired breathing patterns in pediatric patients. Dyspnea that is not properly managed may lead to hypoxia and increased respiratory workload. Simple, safe, and evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions are needed to alleviate dyspnea symptoms. One such intervention is handheld fan therapy, which works by stimulating trigeminal mechanoreceptors to improve breathing comfort and support physiological adaptation. This study aimed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of handheld fan therapy based on the Roy Adaptation Model in managing impaired breathing patterns among patients with bronchopneumonia. This study employed a descriptive case study design. The subjects consisted of three pediatric patients diagnosed with bronchopneumonia who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through nursing assessment, clinical observation, physical examination, and medical record documentation. The handheld fan therapy intervention was administered twice daily for three consecutive days, with each session lasting 5–10 minutes. Nursing care implementation followed the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards (SDKI), Nursing Outcome Standards (SLKI), and Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI). Data were analyzed descriptively to evaluate adaptive response changes in patients. The findings indicated that all patients presented with primary complaints of dyspnea and cough with a nursing diagnosis of impaired breathing pattern. Following three days of intervention, improvements in respiratory status were observed, including decreased respiratory rate, reduced dyspnea levels, decreased cough frequency, improved oxygen saturation, and increased patient comfort. Handheld fan therapy based on the Roy Adaptation Model is an effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention for reducing dyspnea and improving breathing patterns in patients with bronchopneumonia. This intervention has the potential to be integrated into evidence-based nursing practice for respiratory care management.
Co-Authors Ahmad Zulkarnaen Akbar, M. Agung Ayunani, Sabrina Cahya, Febriani Ningsih, Deasy Kurnia Pratiwi, Afrida Wijaya, Brahma Putra Zulfikri, Ahmad