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International Journal of Education and Social Science (IJESS)
Published by International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26862239     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Social,
Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science is an international, peer-reviewed journal publishing articles on all aspects of EDUCATION and SOCIAL SCIENCES. IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science welcomes submissions of the following article types: (1) Papers: reports of high-quality original research with conclusions representing a significant advance, novelty or new finding in the field; (2) Topical Reviews: written by leading researchers in their fields, these articles present the background to and overview of a particular field, and the current state of the art. Topical Reviews are normally invited by the Editorial Board; (3) Comments: comment or criticism on work previously published in the journal. These are usually published with an associated Reply. IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science publishes four issues per year, published by IPEST, International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi, Indonesia, and published in English. Focus and Scope: IJESS publishes original research from all areas of the Social Sciences (Miscellaneous)
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 180 Documents
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Bankruptcy Risk Analysis of PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk Using the Altman Z-Score Model for the Period 2015-2024 Tri Sulistyani; Yhonanda Harsono; Neneng Tita Amalya
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i2.758

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the financial ratios that are components of the Altman Z-Score model, calculate the Altman Z-Score value, and evaluate the potential bankruptcy risk of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for the period 2015–2024. The study was conducted to determine the company's financial health as a form of early detection of the possibility of financial distress and the risk of corporate bankruptcy. The research method used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data used are secondary data in the form of the annual financial report of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for the period 2015–2024 obtained from the company's official reports and the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis technique is carried out by calculating the financial ratios that are components of the Altman Z-Score, namely Working Capital to Total Assets (X1), Retained Earnings to Total Assets (X2), Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) to Total Assets (X3), Market Value of Equity to Total Liabilities (X4), and Sales to Total Assets (X5). Furthermore, the Z-Score value is calculated and classified into healthy, gray zone, or distress categories. The results of the study indicate that most of PT Garuda Indonesia's financial ratios are in an unhealthy condition. The X1 and X2 ratios consistently show negative values, indicating weak liquidity and prolonged accumulation of losses. The Altman Z-Score calculation results show that during the 2015–2024 period, the company was consistently in the distress zone or at risk of bankruptcy. The Z-Score value experienced a significant decline during the 2020–2021 pandemic, with the lowest value reaching -3.984 in 2021. Despite improvements after restructuring in 2022–2024, the company's financial condition still does not demonstrate the characteristics of a healthy company. Thus, PT Garuda Indonesia still needs to strengthen its liquidity, profitability, and capital structure to achieve long-term business sustainability.
The Influence of Capital Structure, Profitability, and Liquidity on The Stock Prices of Telecommunications Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Hadijah Febriana; Muhamad Badru Zaman
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i2.772

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Structure, Profitability, and Liquidity on the stock prices of telecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2024. The study employs a descriptive quantitative method and utilizes secondary data in the form of financial statements from telecommunications companies listed on the IDX. The sample consists of 8 companies selected from a population of 19 telecommunications companies based on criteria regarding significant market capitalization or industry relevance during the 2018–2024 period. The results indicate that Capital Structure (DER) has no effect on stock prices, as evidenced by a t-statistic of -0.353016 (less than the t-table value of 2.00665) and a significance value of 0.7255 (greater than 0.05). Profitability (ROA) was found to influence stock prices, indicated by a t-statistic of 2.609730 (greater than the t-table value of 2.00665) and a significance value of 0.0118 (less than 0.05). Conversely, Liquidity (CR) does not affect stock prices, as shown by a t-statistic of 0.458161 (less than the t-table value of 2.00665) and a significance value of 0.6487 (greater than 0.05). Simultaneous testing revealed that Capital Structure (DER), Profitability (ROA), and Liquidity (CR) collectively influence the stock prices of telecommunications companies listed on the IDX from 2018 to 2024, with an F-statistic of 6.866335 (greater than the F-table value of 2.783) and a significance value of 0.0005 (less than 0.05). The Coefficient of Determination (R²) test indicates that the independent variables influence the dependent variable by 24.2414%.
Digital Marketing Capabilities, Innovation Capabilities, and Omnichannel Integration Quality on Digital Marketing Performance via Customer Value Co-creation: A Systematic Literature Review Marwaji; Hasanudin; Rahayu Lestari
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i2.775

Abstract

Digital transformation has fundamentally changed the marketing paradigm, moving organizations beyond simply delivering information toward technology-driven ecosystems that emphasize data, innovation, channel integration, and customer participation as important sources of value. This transformation requires organizations to develop digital capabilities that effectively connect technological resources with evolving customer needs. This study aims to synthesize existing literature on the relationships among Digital Marketing Capability, Innovation Capability, Omnichannel Integration Quality, Customer Value Co-Creation Behavior, and Digital Marketing Performance, while proposing a conceptual framework that explains how these constructs are interconnected. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted through several stages, including literature identification, selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and synthesis of findings from previous studies. Relevant literature was obtained from academic databases and search engines using combinations of keywords associated with Digital Marketing Capability, Innovation Capability, omnichannel integration, Customer Value Co-Creation, and marketing performance. The review primarily considered scholarly journal articles published from 2020 to 2026, complemented by seminal studies to establish construct definitions and theoretical foundations. The findings indicate that Digital Marketing Capability enables organizations to effectively combine technology, data, and marketing activities, while Innovation Capability supports the continuous development of services and processes. Meanwhile, Omnichannel Integration Quality contributes to a consistent and seamless customer experience. Together, these capabilities can encourage Customer Value Co-Creation Behavior, which functions as a key mechanism for improving Digital Marketing Performance. Grounded in Dynamic Capability Theory, the study proposes an integrative conceptual model and highlights future research opportunities, particularly in digital public services and utility platforms such as New PLN Mobile.
The Influence of Source Credibility and Information Quality on Follower Trust Muhammad Rafi Fadhillah Feirdy
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aims to determine the influence of source credibility and information quality—both individually and simultaneously—on public trust in the Instagram content of Komnas HAM (@komnasham). In the digital era, social media has become a communication channel for state institutions, making message quality and sender credibility crucial factors. This study employs a quantitative explanatory approach, collecting data via questionnaires distributed to active Instagram users ranging from adolescents to young adults. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample, and data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The results demonstrate that source credibility has a positive and significant effect on public trust. Information quality is also shown to have a positive and significant impact on public trust. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence public trust. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 61.9% indicates that the variation in public trust can be explained by the combined influence of source credibility and information quality, while the remainder is attributed to factors outside the scope of this study. Between the two variables, information quality makes a slightly more dominant contribution than source credibility, although both exert a nearly equal influence. Overall, these findings confirm the relevance of Source Credibility Theory and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory. Communicator attributes-expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness (source credibility)-combined with accurate and comprehensive message content, prove to be vital stimuli in shaping the public trust response on social media
Climate Crisis and Social Inequality: Resilience of Vulnerable Communities Facing Recurrent Disasters in Indonesia Syamsiah Badruddin; Adilita Pramanti; Paisal Halim
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): VOL 7 NO 1 APRIL 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i1.790

Abstract

The climate crisis does not produce socially uniform impacts. Intensifying hydrometeorological hazards interact with poverty, asset inequality, housing quality, access to services, gender and age inequalities, employment status, and institutional capacity, causing socially vulnerable groups to experience greater losses and slower recovery. This article examines how recurrent disasters can transform community resilience from a learning process into a process of capacity erosion. The study employs a structured integrative review and secondary-data synthesis focused on Indonesia with global comparative evidence. The core literature comprises 40 sources selected for substantive relevance, traceability, publisher quality, and methodological strength; 20 are peer-reviewed international journal articles published between September 2023 and 2026. Current data are drawn primarily from WMO, BNPB, BPS-Statistics Indonesia, UNDRR, IPCC, and the World Bank. Four principal findings emerge. First, repeated exposure does not automatically strengthen resilience; when the interval between shocks is shorter than the time required for recovery, asset losses, debt, livelihood disruption, and impaired social functioning can accumulate. Second, social inequality acts as a risk multiplier by limiting households' ability to mitigate hazards, access assistance, and convert experience into adaptive investment. Third, social capital is essential but finite; recent longitudinal evidence indicates that cumulative disaster exposure can erode bonding social capital, social support, and social functioning. Fourth, adaptive social protection, inclusive governance, risk financing, and ex-ante investment can interrupt cumulative vulnerability. The article's principal novelty is the Cumulative Vulnerability-Resilience Spiral (CVRS), a framework connecting structural inequality, recurrent exposure, recovery debt, depletion of livelihood and social capital, and greater vulnerability to subsequent shocks. The framework advances a dynamic, distributive, and justice-oriented approach to measuring resilience and designing disaster policy in Indonesia. Keywords: climate crisis; social inequality; community resilience; recurrent disasters; vulnerability; adaptive social protection; climate justice.
When AI Becomes a Friend: AI Companions, Social Loneliness, and The Transformation of Social Relationships in The Digital Generation Havizathul Hanim; Syamsiah Badruddin; Batari Wahyu Pangesti
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): VOL 7 NO 1 APRIL 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i1.791

Abstract

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has expanded digital technology from an information and productivity tool into an interactive system capable of emotional responses, conversational memory, personalization, and simulated social presence. This development has accelerated the emergence of AI companions used as conversational partners, spaces for self-disclosure, sources of emotional support, and, in some cases, virtual romantic partners. This article examines sociologically the relationship between AI companion use, social loneliness, and the transformation of social relationships among digital generations. The study employs a structured integrative literature review, thematic synthesis, and triangulation of official secondary data. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 were identified through academic indexing and publisher platforms, focusing on social chatbots, human-AI relationships, loneliness, emotional attachment, social support, anthropomorphism, and psychological dependence. Contextual evidence was drawn from the World Health Organization, Statistics Indonesia, and UNICEF. The synthesis indicates that AI companions can alleviate situational loneliness through perceived responsiveness, feeling heard, constant availability, non-judgmental interaction, personalization, and self-disclosure. Yet relief from loneliness is not equivalent to stronger social integration. Risks intensify when AI moves from complementing human relationships to substituting for them through intensive attachment, anthropomorphism, weak human social support, and engagement-oriented platform design. The article proposes a Relational Substitution Threshold Model (RSTM) to explain the transition from instrumental use to emotional supplementation, relational attachment, and eventual substitution or dependence. The article's novelty lies in conceptualizing AI companions as simulated relational actors capable of reshaping norms of friendship, intimacy, reciprocity, and social capital in digital society.
Patriarchal Hegemony and Women’s Triple Roles in Indonesia: An Integrative Review of Unpaid Work, Power Relations, and Agency Muthia Amelia; Syamsiah Badruddin; Adilita Pramanti
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i2.792

Abstract

This article revises and sharpens an earlier discussion of patriarchal hegemony and women’s triple roles in Indonesia by removing unsupported causal generalizations and replacing questionable references with traceable sources. The study uses an integrative literature review and thematic synthesis of 35 verified sources: 28 peer-reviewed journal articles (24 published in reputable international journals), three academic books, and four institutional reports. Empirical studies from 2019–2026 are prioritized, while foundational works are retained for conceptual purposes. The analysis combines Moser’s triple-role framework, structural accounts of patriarchy and gendered organizations, and Kabeer’s resources agency achievements approach. Four patterns emerge. First, women’s participation in productive work does not automatically reduce reproductive and community responsibilities, producing time poverty and mental load. Second, inequality is sustained not only by cultural norms but also by childcare shortages, workplace design, urban mobility, and unequal household authority. Third, expanded access to education and employment does not necessarily translate into equivalent control over time, income, assets, and strategic decisions. Fourth, women exercise agency through household negotiation, economic resources, leadership, and digital counterpublics, yet such agency remains stratified by class, life-course position, and institutional support. The article proposes a redistribution control gap to explain why expanded access may outpace the redistribution of care and the equalization of decision-making power. Policy implications emphasize recognizing, reducing, redistributing, rewarding, and representing care work through childcare services, work family policy, time-use data, and survivor-centered protection.
Social Media as a Contested Arena of Gender Inclusion among Generation Z: Digital Activism, Identity Construction, and Platform Risks from a Sociological Perspective Muhammad Dafa Fahmi Riyadi; Syamsiah Badruddin; Havizathul Hanim
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i2.793

Abstract

Social media occupies a central position in Generation Z’s everyday life and creates new spaces for gender learning, identity expression, solidarity, and activism. Yet digital visibility does not automatically produce substantive inclusion because platforms can also intensify stereotypes, objectification, technology-facilitated gender-based violence, and algorithmic bias. This article analyzes the sociological mechanisms through which social media simultaneously expands and constrains gender inclusion among Generation Z. The study employs an integrative literature review of 38 selected sources comprising peer-reviewed journal articles, theoretical works, and official institutional publications. The search prioritizes publications from 2020–2026 while retaining selected foundational works for conceptual framing. The synthesis identifies four interrelated dimensions of digital gender inclusion: epistemic inclusion through access to and negotiation of gender knowledge; expressive-representational inclusion through voice, visibility, and identity construction; relational-mobilizational inclusion through support networks and collective action; and protective-governance inclusion shaped by safety, moderation, literacy, and platform accountability. The findings also show that greater visibility can heighten vulnerability to harassment, misogyny, body surveillance, and algorithmic discrimination. The article develops the concept of a “visibility–vulnerability paradox” to explain why social media can operate as a space of empowerment and exclusion at the same time. The study argues that digital gender policy should move beyond access and exposure toward safe, equitable, meaningful, and sustainable participation.
Inclusion That Is Not Yet Fully Inclusive: Stigma, Institutional Ableism, and Accommodation Barriers for Children with Disabilities in Indonesian Primary Schools Syifa Aulia Fairuza; Syamsiah Badruddin; Qonitah Basalamah
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i2.794

Abstract

Inclusive education cannot be evaluated merely by the presence of children with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. This article examines how stigma, pedagogical ableism, and limitations in accessibility and reasonable accommodation can reproduce exclusion even when schools are administratively designated as inclusive. The study employs an integrative literature review of 39 verifiable sources, comprising 32 peer-reviewed journal articles and seven legal or institutional documents. Twenty-seven sources (69.2%) are articles published in reputable international journals. Thematic synthesis was organized across three domains: symbolic-interactional, pedagogical, and structural. The findings show that stigma operates through labeling, low expectations, social separation, and heightened bullying risk; pedagogical ableism emerges when a single standard of ability, learning pace, instruction, and assessment is treated as universally normal; and structural exclusion occurs through inaccessible facilities, insufficient support personnel and learning resources, and inconsistent implementation of reasonable accommodation. The article conceptualizes a presence-participation gap to describe situations in which learners are physically present but do not yet experience belonging, social participation, curriculum access, and equitable support. Its analytical contribution is a three-layer model of substantive inclusion: recognition and belonging, participation and learning, and accommodation and governance. The findings imply that primary schools need to integrate anti-stigma culture, inclusive pedagogy, Universal Design for Learning, anti-bullying systems, reasonable accommodation, and accountable governance.
Who Bears the Burden of Indonesia's Waste Emergency? Risk Society, Governance Capacity Gaps, and the Crisis of Ecological Citizenship Adilita Pramanti; Syamsiah Badruddin
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): VOL 7 NO 1 APRIL 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i1.795

Abstract

Indonesia is facing a recurring waste emergency in which the accumulation of municipal solid waste increasingly exceeds the capacity of local systems to collect, process, and safely dispose of it. This is not merely a technical failure of waste management infrastructure, but a sociological problem concerning who is exposed to waste-related risks, who has access to adequate services, who bears the costs of governance gaps, and whose voice is represented in decision-making. Official data illustrate the scale of the problem: the Ministry of Environment reported 56.63 million tonnes of waste generation in 2023, with 60.99% unmanaged, while SIPSN recorded 34.21 million tonnes in 2024 from 317 districts and cities, with 40.26% classified as unmanaged. By the end of 2025, 336 districts and cities had been identified as experiencing waste emergencies. This article employs an integrative literature review and policy document analysis to examine how waste risks are produced, distributed, and governed. The analysis integrates risk society, environmental justice, governance capacity gaps, and ecological citizenship. Findings indicate that waste emergencies reflect cumulative environmental and health risks, unequal exposure and service access, fragmented coordination, weak institutional capacity and enforcement, and the reduction of citizenship to behavioral responsibility. The article proposes a triple burden of waste emergency framework comprising exposure burden, service burden, and voice burden, arguing that a just transition requires redistributing not only waste flows, but also institutional responsibilities, resources, decision-making power, and protection.

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