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Buletin Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Prima
Published by Universitas Prima Indonesia
ISSN : 28289994     EISSN : 28289994     DOI : https://doi.org/10.34012/bkkp
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Media publikasi ilmiah di bidang kedokteran dan kesehatan yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan Maret dan September. Berisi tulisan hasil penelitian lapangan atau laboratorium maupun studi pustaka dari bidang ilmu seperti kedokteran klinis, kedokteran tropis, kedokteran gigi, biomedis, farmasi klinis dan kesehatan masyarakat.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 262 Documents
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Dietary patterns and hypertension among daily laborers at Belawan Community Health Center Eliza Juliana Hutabarat; Johannes Bastira Ginting; Pahala Maringan Jubel Simangunsong
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8470

Abstract

Background: Occupational health problems in the informal sector, particularly among daily laborers in coastal areas such as the working area of Belawan Community Health Center, require special attention. Heavy physical activity, environmental exposure, and individual characteristics are strongly suspected to be associated with fluctuations in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) that may increase hypertension risk. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among daily laborers in the working area of Belawan Community Health Center. Method: This study uses an analytical method with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design to assess the relationship between dietary variables and the incidence of hypertension through a single-point data collection. This study will be conducted at the Belawan Community Health Center (Puskesmas Belawan) located at Jl. Stasiun No. 1, P. JKA Complex, with implementation starting in April and continuing through completion. The target population for this study is all daily laborers within the Belawan Community Health Center (Puskesmas Belawan) working area. The accessible population is daily laborers aged 18-49 who visited the Belawan Community Health Center during the study period and met the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, which determines the sample based on specific considerations and criteria tailored to the research objectives. Purposive sampling was chosen because the researcher only selected respondents who met the inclusion criteria consistent with the research objectives. Therefore, respondents were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria and recruited during the data collection period. Results: Univariate analysis showed that most respondents had poor dietary patterns (64.1%) and were classified as having hypertension (44.6%) or prehypertension (28.3%). The Chi-square test yielded a p-value of less than 0.001, indicating a significant relationship between dietary pattern and hypertension among daily laborers in this population. Respondents with poor dietary patterns predominantly had elevated blood pressure, while those with good dietary patterns were more likely to have normal blood pressure. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between dietary pattern and hypertension among daily laborers at Belawan Community Health Center. Regular health screening programs for informal sector workers in this area are recommended.
Impact of work ability and motivation on health worker performance at Rantauprapat Primary Health Center T. Halomoan Dalimunthe; Ermi Girsang; Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution; Syahrul Ramadan Rambe; Billi Billi; Surya Dharma; Haryadi Haryadi; Denny Eka Praja; Charles Charles; Agus Pramono
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8471

Abstract

Background: Health development is a main pillar in improving the quality of life of the Indonesian population. Primary health centers (Puskesmas) serve as the frontline of health services. Health worker performance is influenced by multiple factors, including work ability and work motivation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of work ability and work motivation on the performance of health workers at the Rantauprapat City Primary Health Center. Method: This was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The population comprised all health workers at the Rantauprapat City Primary Health Center, totaling 100 individuals. A total sampling method was used. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring work ability, work motivation, and performance. Univariate, bivariate (chi-square test, α=0.05), and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were performed. Results: Most respondents were female (55.0%), aged >52 years (62.0%), and had junior high school education (37.0%). Work ability was rated as poor by 52.0%, work motivation as poor by 60.0%, and performance as good by 64.0%. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between work ability and performance (p<0.001) and between work motivation and performance (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified work motivation as the dominant factor (OR=22.993; p<0.001), indicating that health workers with good motivation were nearly 23 times more likely to perform well compared to those with low motivation. Conclusion: Both work ability and work motivation significantly influence health worker performance, with motivation being the dominant factor. Health centers should allocate budgets for motivation enhancement programs, including performance-based incentives and workplace improvements.
Self-efficacy, family support, and diet adherence in hypertension at Bestari Health Center Leony Angelia Sitorus; Venia Rosa Br. Sembiring; Rapael Ginting; Nila Sari
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8486

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide. Adherence to a low-salt diet is essential for blood pressure control. Self-efficacy and family support are known to influence dietary adherence. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and family support with low-salt diet adherence among hypertension patients in the working area of Bestari Primary Health Center in 2026. Method: A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The population comprised 98 hypertension patients registered at Bestari Primary Health Center in December 2023. Total sampling was used, including all 98 patients. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires measuring self-efficacy, family support, and low-salt diet adherence. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis (frequencies and percentages) and bivariate analysis using the Fisher exact test (α = 0.05). Results: Most respondents were male (52.0%), aged 36-45 years (34.7%), had senior high school education (51.0%), and worked as self-employed (48.0%). Low self-efficacy was found in 79.6% of respondents, lack of family support in 59.2%, and non-adherence to low-salt diet in 77.6%. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between self-efficacy and low-salt diet adherence (p = .014; OR = 4.091, 95% CI [1.413, 11.847]) and between family support and low-salt diet adherence (p = .025; OR = 3.365, 95% CI [1.251, 9.053]). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and family support with low-salt diet adherence among hypertension patients in the working area of Bestari Primary Health Center. Patients with low self-efficacy and lack of family support had higher risks of non-adherence. Strengthening patient self-efficacy and family involvement in dietary management is recommended.
Barriers and experiences of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in maintaining dietary patterns and glycemic control at Bhayangkara TK II Hospital, Medan Laura Elisa Tampubolon; Cristina Br. Sinulingga; Masryna Siagian; Widya Yanti Sihotang; Andry Simanullang; Nila Sari
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8487

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring continuous self-management, including dietary regulation and glycemic control. However, many patients face barriers in maintaining these behaviors. This study aimed to explore the barriers and experiences of T2DM patients in maintaining dietary patterns and glycemic control at Bhayangkara TK II Hospital, Medan. Method: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, including 5 T2DM patients (aged >45 years, diagnosed >5 years), 5 family caregivers, and 1 internist. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Results: Five themes emerged from patient interviews: (1) emotional response to diagnosis and lifestyle adaptation; (2) health monitoring (blood glucose checks and medication adherence, including complementary therapy use); (3) lifestyle and dietary management (difficulty resisting cravings and diet discipline); (4) family support (instrumental and emotional); (5) future hopes (productivity and quality of life). From family caregivers, five themes emerged: role in diet management, instrumental support for healthcare access, psychological and financial burden, social and cultural navigation strategies, and family hopes. From the physician, four themes emerged: dynamics of patient adherence and barriers, perspectives on patient experience and quality of life, clinical management and interventions, and development of sustainable strategies and solutions. Conclusion: T2DM self-management is a dynamic and complex process involving emotional adaptation, dietary challenges, family support, and healthcare engagement. Strengthening patient self-efficacy, family involvement, and practical strategies such as bringing home-cooked meals are essential for improving glycemic control and quality of life.
Profile of glibenclamide prescription services at pharmacies in Nagan Raya: A simulated patient study Zarini Zarini; Ermi Girsang; Muhammad Rizal Renaldi; Horas Rajagukguk; Reza Furqon Situmorang; Ridho Prasetiawan; Yoki Oktadiputra; Oliviti Natali; Pristia Widya Monica; Sulistya Dwi Rahasti
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8488

Abstract

Background: Prescription service in pharmacies involves two stages: prescription screening by pharmacists (administrative, pharmaceutical, and clinical requirements) and drug preparation (compounding, labeling, packaging, dispensing, drug information, counseling, and monitoring). The goal is to ensure that dispensed drugs are correct administratively, pharmaceutically, and clinically. This study aimed to investigate the profile of glibenclamide prescription services at pharmacies in Nagan Raya. Method: A descriptive study was conducted using a simulated patient method. Ninety pharmacies were selected by simple random sampling. The researcher acted as a patient's family member visiting pharmacies to obtain glibenclamide with a prescription. Four instruments (prescription, scenario, protocol, and checklist) were validated and tested for reliability. After each visit, the researcher recorded information obtained from pharmacy staff into the checklist. Results: Of 90 pharmacies, 85 (94.4%) had the prescribed drug available. Information asked from patients included: for whom the drug was intended (7.1%), patient address (18.8%), patient phone number (4.7%), information already given by the doctor (1.2%), previous use (2.4%), and whether the patient knew how to use the drug (1.2%). No pharmacy asked about patient age, symptoms, symptom duration, prior actions, therapy goals, other medications, or allergy history. On average, only 0.4 of 13 possible assessment questions were asked. Drug information provided included: frequency of use (64.7%), amount per use (30.6%), timing of use (15.3%), drug name (4.7%), indication (4.7%), total amount (2.4%), adverse effects (1.2%), and adverse effect symptoms (1.2%). On average, only 1.2 of 16 possible information items were provided. Labels were given by 65.9% of pharmacies. Conclusion: Pharmacy staff performance in glibenclamide prescription services was low across information gathering, drug information provision, and labeling. Improvement is urgently needed.
Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment dropout at primary health centers in Rantau Prapat City Nurbayani Ritonga; Ermi Girsang; Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution; Dewi Purwanti; Ma'al Abror; Andrei Rizqan Akmal; Nina Adista Ambarwati; Meisya Melissa; Alzi Kardiasyah
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8498

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge. Indonesia ranks second globally in TB burden, accounting for 10% of total cases. Treatment dropout is a significant barrier to TB control, contributing to drug resistance, relapse, and mortality. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with TB treatment dropout at primary health centers in Rantau Prapat City in 2026. Method: This analytic survey used a cross-sectional design. A total of 186 TB patients were selected using purposive sampling from five primary health centers in Rantau Prapat City. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, medication adherence, family support as a treatment supervisor, and health worker support. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis used logistic regression (α = 0.05). Results: The majority of respondents were aged 37–45 years (49.5%) and male (56.5%). Alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with dropout (p > 0.05). Significant associations were found between medication adherence and dropout (p < 0.001), family support and dropout (p < 0.001), and health worker support and dropout (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified health worker support as the most dominant factor (OR = 32.88; p < 0.001), indicating that patients with high health worker support had substantially greater odds of treatment completion. Conclusion: Medication adherence, family support, and health worker support are significantly associated with TB treatment dropout. Health worker support was the most dominant factor. Strengthening patient education, family involvement, and health worker engagement is essential to reduce dropout rates.
Work stress & sleep quality as factors of hypertension in Labuhan Deli Selviyani Harefa; Damaria Waruwu; Andry Simanullang; Putri Yunita Pane
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8634

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with high prevalence that constitutes a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. Work stress and poor sleep quality are presumed to contribute to blood pressure elevation among working populations. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between work stress and sleep quality with hypertension incidence among workers in the Labuhan Deli Public Health Center working area. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach was employed. The sample comprised 98 respondents selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection utilized the Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ) to measure work stress, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality, and sphygmomanometer measurements for blood pressure determination. Data analysis employed the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Results demonstrated that the majority of respondents experienced high work stress (42.9%), poor sleep quality (63.3%), and hypertension (53.1%). Significant associations were identified between work stress and hypertension incidence (p=0.019) and between sleep quality and hypertension incidence (p=0.019). Workers with high work stress exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension (66.7%) compared to those with mild work stress (27.8%). Similarly, workers with poor sleep quality demonstrated a higher hypertension proportion (62.9%) compared to those with good sleep quality (36.1%). Conclusion: It is concluded that work stress and sleep quality are significantly associated with hypertension incidence among workers. Stress management and sleep quality improvement efforts need to be integrated into occupational health programs for hypertension prevention.
Dental caries and nutritional status among playgroup, kindergarten, and elementary school students: A study in Bina Talenta Graha School, Bekasi Indriani Oktaria Irwan; Molek Molek; Andy Setiawan; Carolina Paradhiva Maharani; Charin Sahira Aurelia; Michelle Justine Mauro; Michelle Angeline
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8644

Abstract

Background: Dental caries remains a widespread public health issue in pediatric populations that can severely impair oral function, school performance, and overall growth. School-based dental and anthropometric screenings offer a critical pathway for early detection, oral health promotion, and longitudinal monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate dental caries prevalence, tooth-level disease severity, and nutritional status among playgroup (PG), kindergarten (KG), and elementary school (ES) students at Bina Talenta Graha School, Bekasi, Indonesia, and to compare oral health outcomes across a two-year outreach intervention (2023 vs. 2025). Methods: A two-phase repeated cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2023 and December 2025 during community service programs. In the 2025 screening cohort ( ; , , ), student-level caries experience (presence of decayed [D], missing [M], and filled [F] teeth) and tooth-level counts were assessed by calibrated dental professionals. Anthropometric measurements ( ) were evaluated using Weight-for-Age (WFA for PG/KG) and BMI-for-Age (BAZ for ES) Z-scores based on WHO standards. Comparative longitudinal trends in student-level disease burden between 2023 and 2025 were analyzed descriptively. Results: In 2025, overall student-level caries prevalence was 59.1% ( ), missing teeth prevalence was 11.9% ( ), and filled teeth prevalence was 14.0% ( ). Caries prevalence peaked in kindergarten (67.3%), followed by playgroup (62.5%) and elementary school (55.4%). Missing teeth were most frequent in kindergarten (25.5%), whereas playgroup children had no missing or filled teeth. At the tooth level, 402 decayed teeth, 46 missing teeth, and 44 filled teeth were recorded (total 492 affected teeth; mean 2.55 affected teeth/child). Caries occurred across all nutritional categories, with the highest burden observed in normal-weight (70.8%) and overweight/obese (26.7%) children. Between 2023 and 2025, the number of students with untreated active caries decreased from 171 to 114 (a 33.3% reduction), and students with missing teeth dropped from 69 to 23 (a 66.7% reduction). Conclusion: Dental caries remains a major burden among young school children, particularly in kindergarten. Integrated school-based oral health promotion, structured toothbrushing programs, and parental involvement demonstrated notable reductions in active caries and premature tooth loss over two years.
Menopause and the opportunity for early cardio-renal-metabolic prevention Eddy Anggiat; Trishna Trishna; Johanna Fransiska Wijaya; Syamsul Arifin Nasution; Adek Amansyah; Mangatas Silaen; Ibnu Sina; Almira Wilonna; Chairul Radjab Nasution; Ikhsan Amanda Putra; Rendi Dwi Prasetyo; Imelda Ferendina
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8661

Abstract

The cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome is a systemic pathological entity that reflects complex interactions among obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. In women, cardio-renal-metabolic risk increases markedly with age, and the menopausal transition functions as a key catalyst due to loss of the cardiometabolic protective effects of estrogen. The cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome is a systemic pathological entity that reflects complex interactions among obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. In women, cardio-renal-metabolic risk increases markedly with age, and the menopausal transition functions as a key catalyst due to loss of the cardiometabolic protective effects of estrogen. This review examines the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which the menopausal transition promotes cardio-renal-metabolic and evaluates menopause as a critical window for preventive intervention. Declining estradiol levels during menopause drive redistribution of adipose tissue toward visceral depots, increased insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These changes promote progression from an absence of risk factors to more advanced clinical states. Timing-based hypotheses suggest that aggressive interventions initiated early in the menopausal transition confer maximal cardiometabolic benefit and may prevent irreversible end-organ damage. In conclusion, menopause is not merely a reproductive aging event but a crucial period for systemic risk modification that requires an integrated approach to interrupt the progression of cardio-renal-metabolic in women.
Association of PSN implementation frequency with mosquito larvae presence in Kwala Bekala, Medan Agry Tio Tryani Sipayung; Silvi Amisha Marpaung; Yusri Nabilah; Putri Yunita Pane; Rapael Ginting
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v5i2.8755

Abstract

Background: Household-level dengue prevention depends on regular mosquito breeding-site eradication (PSN), yet evidence from Kwala Bekala remains limited. This study examined the association between PSN frequency and the presence of mosquito larvae. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using complete observation records from 59 houses in Kwala Bekala collected on April 29–30, 2026. PSN was classified as routine when performed at least once per week and as non-routine when performed monthly or at irregular intervals. A house was considered larva-positive if larvae were detected in at least one inspected water-holding container. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions and Pearson chi-square test. Results: Larvae were detected in 12 houses (20.3%), whereas 47 houses (79.7%) were larva-negative. Routine PSN was reported in 34 houses (57.6%) and non-routine PSN in 25 houses (42.4%). Larvae were present in 17.6% of houses with routine PSN and in 24.0% of houses with non-routine PSN. The association was not statistically significant (p = 0.549; OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 0.41 to 5.26). Conclusion: PSN should be implemented comprehensively and accompanied by regular inspection of all potential water-holding containers.

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