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Buletin Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Prima
Published by Universitas Prima Indonesia
ISSN : 28289994     EISSN : 28289994     DOI : https://doi.org/10.34012/bkkp
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Media publikasi ilmiah di bidang kedokteran dan kesehatan yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan Maret dan September. Berisi tulisan hasil penelitian lapangan atau laboratorium maupun studi pustaka dari bidang ilmu seperti kedokteran klinis, kedokteran tropis, kedokteran gigi, biomedis, farmasi klinis dan kesehatan masyarakat.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 235 Documents
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Risk factors for obesity and overweight in under-five children in a highland community, Kabanjahe Sibagariang, Eva Ellya; Ginting, Rapael; Sihombing, Rachel Raselia; Amir, Dwi Fenny; Meliala, Juli Elisabet Mayen Br; Angkasa, Celvin; Zubaidah, Siti; Sherliana, Ferra; Siregar, Hesti Despita
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7746

Abstract

Overnutrition in toddlers is a public health problem that continues to increase globally and nationally. In Indonesia, the prevalence of toddler obesity has risen from 10.5% (2007) to 21.8% (2018). In Karo Regency, the prevalence of toddler obesity reached 8.80%. Data from 2025 at Simpang Empat Community Health Center in Kabanjahe shows 12 toddlers with obesity and 49 toddlers with overnutrition. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices with the occurrence of obesity and overnutrition in toddlers aged 12-60 months. The research method used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 61 toddlers with obesity or overnutrition, selected using total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements of BMI-for-age. Analysis used the Chi-Square test. Results show the majority of mothers had insufficient knowledge (57.4%), positive attitudes (63.9%), and suboptimal practices (65.6%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.038), attitude (p=0.041), and practice (p=0.044) with the toddler's nutritional status. The study conclusion confirms that good nutritional care practices, supported by adequate knowledge and a positive attitude, play an important role in preventing obesity and overnutrition in toddlers.
The association between smoking behaviour and degenerative diseases Simarmata, Gracia Imanuela; Hartono, Hartono; Sihotang, Widya Yanti; Tobing, Andrico Napolin Lumban; Dharma, Surya; Mylano, Tri Adi; Setiawan, Deni; Willano, Almira; Novianti, Desi; Suwanto, Denny; Haryadi, Haryadi; Mukhtar, Zulfikri; Kunardi, Sidharta; Reza, Faisal
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7756

Abstract

Degenerative diseases represent a leading global cause of death, imposing a substantial health burden, wherein behavioural factors such as smoking are posited to play a significant role. This study aimed to analyse the association between smoking behaviour and the incidence of various degenerative diseases through a systematic literature review. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review, with article searches conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases from May to June 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed full-text articles in Indonesian or English, published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on the association between smoking and degenerative diseases (hypertension, diabetes, stroke, kidney failure, cancer). From 230 identified articles, 15 met the criteria and were analysed. The synthesis of results demonstrated a significant association between smoking behaviour and an increased risk of degenerative diseases. Active smokers exhibited a three-fold higher risk of hypertension (OR=3.445), a twelve-fold higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=12.747), and a greater risk of developing cancer (lung, breast, laryngeal), stroke, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exposure to secondhand smoke among passive smokers also increased the risk of breast cancer nearly fourfold (OR=3.778). Underlying mechanisms include oxidative damage, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation. It is concluded that smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for degenerative diseases. Strengthening tobacco control policies, intensive health education, and smoking cessation programmes are required as primary prevention strategies.
Body image and nutritional status among female students at Universitas Prima Indonesia Silitonga, Thesa Kristina Br.; Sibagariang, Eva Ellya; Leslie, William; Fransisca, Silva; Lubis, Ika Syani Putri; Suwarno, Suwarno; Hasya, Muhammad Nawal; Putri, Eka
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7757

Abstract

Body image is an individual's subjective perception of their body shape and size, which can influence eating behaviour and nutritional status. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between body image and nutritional status among female students at Prima Indonesia University in 2025. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 69 female students from the 2023 cohort of the Public Health Study Programme, selected via total sampling. Body image data were collected using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), while nutritional status was assessed via anthropometric measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI). Data analysis employed the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. A total of 59.4% of respondents had a negative body image and 40.6% a positive body image. The distribution of nutritional status was: normal (62.3%), obese (18.8%), overweight (10.2%), and underweight (8.7%). Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between body image and nutritional status (p-value = 0.002). Respondents with a negative body image were more likely to have an abnormal nutritional status (overweight and obese) compared to those with a positive body image. There is a significant relationship between body image and nutritional status among female students. A negative body image is associated with a tendency towards abnormal nutritional status, particularly excess weight.
Association between dietary patterns and hypertension among older adults at the Medan Johor Community Health Center Waruwu, Inel Hartanti; Ginting, Rapael; Suyono, Tan; Kurniawan, Evan; Sitanggang, Holan Dianju Melva Meinaria; Bestari, Welas; Deseva, Frisca Gemmi; Bangun, Andreas Xaverio
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7793

Abstract

Hypertension is a leading global cause of mortality, with a high prevalence among the elderly. Dietary patterns constitute a modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to analyse the association between dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at the Medan Johor Community Health Centre. A sample of 90 elderly individuals was selected via purposive sampling. Dietary data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Data analysis employed the Chi-Square test. A total of 72.2% of respondents had hypertension, and 65.6% had poor dietary patterns. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant association between dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension (p-value = 0.022; OR = 0.268). Elderly individuals with poor dietary patterns had a 0.268 times higher risk of hypertension compared to those with good dietary patterns. A significant association exists between poor dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly at the Medan Johor Community Health Centre. Promotive and preventive efforts through balanced nutrition education are essential.
Effectiveness of dragon fruit juice for glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Sitanggang, Lastriana; Siagian, Masryna; Sibagariang, Eva Ellya
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7811

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge with a rising prevalence, particularly among the elderly. Its management requires a holistic approach, including medical nutrition therapy. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is rich in fibre and antioxidants, which may help regulate glucose metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of red dragon fruit juice on reducing random blood glucose levels in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design was employed. Thirty-two elderly T2DM patients within the working area of Karo District General Hospital were selected via purposive sampling and allocated into an intervention group (n=16) and a control group (n=16). The intervention group consumed 250 ml of red dragon fruit juice once daily for seven consecutive days, while the control group received routine care only. Random blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer before and after the intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: At baseline, the mean random blood glucose was 231.88 ± 99.37 mg/dL in the intervention group and 250.31 ± 63.32 mg/dL in the control group. Post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited a significant decrease to 226.25 ± 96.99 mg/dL (p=0.017). Conversely, the control group showed a non-significant increase to 252.75 ± 63.66 mg/dL (p=0.027). Rank analysis indicated that 75% of subjects in the intervention group experienced a decrease in blood glucose, whereas 81.25% of subjects in the control group experienced an increase. Conclusion: The administration of 250 ml of red dragon fruit juice daily for seven days was effective as an adjuvant therapy in reducing random blood glucose levels in elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Red dragon fruit may be considered a safe and affordable complementary nutritional intervention for T2DM management in the elderly population.
Associations between lifestyle factors and acute respiratory infection incidence at Mayen Primary Health Clinic Meliala, Yose Marselius A.P.; Nasution, Sri Lestari Ramadhani; Suhartina, Suhartina; Nadapdap, Thomson Parluhutan; Sulistijanto, Eddy; Liena, Liena; Rezeki, Naomi Grace; Syahputra, Ari Denggan; Putri, Nadya Nazimuddin
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7812

Abstract

Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain a significant global health burden with high morbidity, particularly in developing nations. Modern lifestyle shifts—characterised by smoking habits, poor dietary patterns, physical inactivity, and compromised sleep quality—alongside environmental pollution, are hypothesised to contribute to susceptibility to these infections. Objective: This study aims to analyse the association between lifestyle factors (smoking, diet, physical activity, sleep quality) and environmental pollution exposure with the incidence of ARI among patients at the Mayen Primary Clinic in 2023–2024. Methods: This study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at the Mayen Primary Clinic, Medan, involving 82 respondents selected via consecutive sampling. Data were collected using medical records and validated lifestyle questionnaires, followed by analysis using the Chi-Square test. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were suffering from ARI (85.4%). Bivariate analysis demonstrated significant correlations between ARI incidence and smoking habits (p<0.001), dietary patterns (p=0.001), sleep quality (p<0.001), and air pollution exposure (p<0.001). However, no significant association was observed between physical activity and ARI incidence (p=0.601). Conclusion: Unhealthy lifestyles and environmental pollution are primary determinants of ARI incidence in primary care settings, necessitating health interventions focused on behavioural modification and environmental control.
Risk factors associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence in the Belawan II Community Health Center Sari, Juwita Purnama; Ginting, Rapael; Sihotang, Widya Yanti; Fioni, Fioni; Tarigan, Antje Irmella; Malau, Reghita Claudia; Angkasa, Alexander; Lizar, Budi Septhian
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7813

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health concern in tropical regions such as Indonesia, where environmental and behavioural factors play crucial roles in its transmission. This study aimed to analyse the factors associated with the incidence of DHF in the working area of the Belawan II Community Health Centre in Medan. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. A sample of 110 housewives was selected via purposive sampling from a population of 150 housewives in the area. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation, then analysed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square test), and multivariate (logistic regression) methods. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between DHF incidence and the following factors: education level (p=0.001), housewives' knowledge (p=0.000), 3M Plus behaviour (p=0.000), health promotion services (p=0.000), and the presence of mosquito larvae (p=0.000). In contrast, variables for age (p=0.161) and occupation (p=0.898) showed no significant association. Multivariate analysis identified health promotion services as the dominant factor associated with DHF incidence (OR=0.029; 95% CI=0.010-0.084; p=0.000), with housewives' knowledge serving as a supporting factor. In conclusion, DHF prevention efforts in the Belawan II area should prioritise enhancing the quality and coverage of effective health promotion services, complemented by improving household-level knowledge and preventive practices, alongside sustainable control of mosquito breeding sites.
Antibacterial activity of ashitaba leaf extract against Streptococcus pneumoniae Hutabarat, Tommy Daniel Patar P.; Suandy, Suandy; Natali, Oliviti; Djuang, Michelle Hendriani; Akbar, Khainir; Oentari, Widyaningsih; Putri, Riri Rizan; Dalimunthe, Siti Aisyah
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7824

Abstract

Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae represents a significant global health concern, necessitating the exploration of novel antimicrobial agents, particularly in light of escalating antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of Ashitaba leaves (Angelica keiskei) against S. pneumoniae. This experimental study employed a post-only control group design. Extraction was performed using ethanol via maceration, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/mL, with ciprofloxacin as a positive control. Inhibition zone data were analysed using non-parametric statistical tests. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids. The extract demonstrated antibacterial activity with mean inhibition zones of 16.57 mm at 50 mg/mL, 26.23 mm at 100 mg/mL, and 29.87 mm at 150 mg/mL. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in inhibition zones among the three extract concentrations, whereas all concentrations differed significantly from the positive control, ciprofloxacin (53.67 mm). It is concluded that the ethanol extract of Ashitaba leaves contains diverse bioactive compounds and exhibits significant in vitro antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae, although its efficacy remains inferior to the synthetic antibiotic ciprofloxacin.
The association between working posture and work duration with symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) among online motorcycle taxi drivers in Medan City Latifah, Latifah; Hartono, Hartono; Sinurat, Buenita; Kurniati, Lina; Damanik, Yan Raja David Hamonangan
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7825

Abstract

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a neurological disorder caused by compression of the median nerve, commonly observed among workers performing repetitive movements. Online motorcycle taxi drivers represent a high-risk group due to demands for extended working hours and non-ergonomic riding postures. This study aimed to analyse the association between working posture, working duration, and complaints of CTS among online motorcycle taxi drivers. This observational analytical study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 92 online motorcycle taxi drivers in the Universitas Prima Indonesia area, Medan, selected via consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a characteristics questionnaire, the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), Phalen's Test, and posture observation using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Data were analysed using the Chi-Square test. Results indicated that 57.6% of respondents reported CTS complaints. The majority of respondents worked longer than 8 hours per day (66.3%) and had low-risk working postures (48.9%); however, the proportion of CTS was highest among those with high-risk postures (72.4%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between working posture and CTS occurrence (p=0.041) and between working duration and CTS occurrence (p=0.009). Working longer than 8 hours per day conferred a 3.2-fold increased risk of developing CTS. It is concluded that poor working posture and prolonged working duration are significantly associated with a higher incidence of CTS among online motorcycle taxi drivers. Ergonomic interventions, regulation of working hours, and occupational health education are recommended for prevention.
The effect of avocado consumption on salivary pH among students with halitosis Maria, Vonny; Annisa, Yinka Mutiara; Erawati, Suci; Daryono, Daryono
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7826

Abstract

Halitosis is an oral health problem frequently associated with salivary condition, particularly its degree of acidity (pH). Acidic salivary pH supports the growth of anaerobic bacteria which produce volatile sulphur compounds, the primary cause of oral malodour. A non-pharmacological approach with the potential to neutralise salivary pH is the use of natural substances, such as avocado fruit (Persea americana), which contains bioactive compounds with antibacterial and acid-buffering effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of avocado consumption on salivary pH in students with halitosis. A quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest model was employed. The sample consisted of 38 students meeting the inclusion criteria of having acidic salivary pH and halitosis. Salivary pH was measured before intervention, and at 30 and 60 minutes after subjects chewed 10 grams of avocado 32 times. Data were analysed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with a significance level of 5%. The results demonstrated a significant increase in salivary pH 30 minutes after avocado consumption, from an acidic towards a neutral state (p < 0.05). However, at the 60-minute measurement, salivary pH returned to baseline and showed no significant difference compared to pre-intervention values (p > 0.05). This indicates that the effect of avocado consumption on increasing salivary pH is transient. In conclusion, consuming avocado fruit can significantly increase salivary pH in the short term and may help reduce halitosis, although regular consumption coupled with diligent oral hygiene practices is necessary to maintain this effect.

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