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Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23031816     EISSN : 25032356     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53638/
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
ublic Health and Preventive Medicine Archive (PHPMA) is an open access, peer reviewed journal published by Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Issues covered in the journal are as the following: Environmental and occupational health Field and Clinical Epidemiology Global health Health policy analysis Health promotion Health systems and health care management Maternal and child health Program monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV related issues Travel health and health tourism Population and family planning Disaster management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 310 Documents
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Preparedness of general practitioners in providing health services to foreign tourists in Bali, Indonesia Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Putu Cintya Denny Yuliyatni
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2017.v5.i1.p12

Abstract

Background and purpose: Bali was visited by more than 4.9 million foreign tourists in 2016. To some extent foreign tourists may need health services during their travel. This study aims to describe perception of preparedness of general practitioners (GPs) to provide health services for foreign tourists. Methods: Surveys were conducted among foreign tourists who visited Bali in 2012 and among GPs in 2013. Self-administered questionnaires on the level of satisfaction were completed by 108 foreign tourists. Structured questionnaires exploring the travel medicine knowledge and English language proficiency were completed by 109 GPs. The experience of foreign patients was used to triangulate the response from GPs. Result: Good satisfaction in terms of capacity of GPs to provide quality services reported by foreign tourists was varied between 76% and 85%. Assessment of level of knowledge among GPs regarding travel medicine showed that 33% GPs were having good knowledge, 55.1% fair and 11.9% poor. The proportion of correct answer of several items were low, which included recommended vaccine (11%), management of jetlag (13,8%), symptoms of barotrauma during diving (13,8%), sunburn and protection (31,2%), malaria prevention (21%), and diarrhea management (27,5%). Good satisfaction of English communication reported by foreign tourists was between 65% and 78%. Meanwhile, 60% GPs believed to have good English communication with their foreign patients. Conclusion: Preparedness of general practitioners to deliver health services and in English communication to foreign tourists was generally sufficient. Knowledge of GPs on several aspects of travel medicine was insufficient.
Delayed access to treatment and frequency of acute respiratory infection as risk factors of severe pneumonia among children aged 12-59 months in Denpasar, Bali Dewa Ayu Ketut Sri Abadi; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2017.v5.i1.p13

Abstract

Background and purpose: Period prevalence of pneumonia among children in Indonesia increased from 2.1 in 2007 to 2.7 per 1000 children in 2013. The highest incidence was found among children aged 12-23 months. This study aims to examine association between delayed access to health care facilities and severity of children pneumonia. Methods: A case control study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 132 children were recruited to participate in this study, consisted of 44 cases and 88 controls. Cases were selected from 161 children with severe pneumonia who registered at Pulmonology Department of Sanglah General Hospital between January 2015 and April 2016. Controls were selected from 261 children aged 12-59 months with mild pneumonia who visited out-patient service at all community health centres in Denpasar City between January 2015 and April 2016. Cases and controls were matched by sex. Data were collected by interview with the parents in their houses. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results: Risk factors associated to severity of pneumonia among children aged 12-59 months were delayed access to treatment for more than three days (AOR=2.15;95%CI: 1.39-3.32), non-health care facilities at first episode of illness (AOR=4.02; 95%CI: 1.53-10.61) and frequent episodes of respiratory infections (>4 times) over the last 6 months (AOR=5.45; 95%CI: 2.13-13.96). Conclusion: Delayed access to treatment, did not access healthcare facilities at first episode of illness, and high frequency of acute respiratory infections are risk factors of severe pneumonia among children.
Barriers and opportunities for implementing prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in Bangli District Ketut Espana Giri; Ni Made Sri Nopiyani; Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2017.v5.i1.p14

Abstract

Background and purpose: HIV testing among pregnant women can reduce the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. The implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Bangli District is suboptimal. This study aims to explore challenges and opportunities for implementing PMTCT program from both user and provider perspectives. Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted in Bangli District between April and May 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 18 informants. All informants were purposively selected and covered of 10 pregnant women, two counsellors, two laboratory analysts, two head of public health centres, one disease control officer from Bangli District Health Office and one officer from Bangli District AIDS Commission. Data were analysed using thematic method. Results: Pregnant women chose to have ANC service at private midwife and obstetrician instead of public health centre. From health providers’ perspectives barrier of PMTCT implementation included lack of health human resources and a high level of stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS in the community. This study revealed that there was an opportunity for PMTCT implementation in Bangli District due to positive attitudes and supports from husband and health provider toward HIV testing. Another opportunity is toinvolve village health cadres and community leaders in promoting HIV testing among pregnant women. Conclusions: Implementation of PMTCT program in health centre should include network of private practitioner and enhance village health cadres’ and community leaders’ participation.
Sexual behaviours and sexual networks of men who have sex with men in Bali Ni Luh Dea Kumala Sari Karang; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2017.v5.i1.p15

Abstract

Background and purpose: Transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bali Province is increasing. This increased transmission is due to their sexual networks and behaviours. This study aims to examine sexual behaviours and sexual networks among MSM population in Bali Province. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Denpasar City and Badung District. A total of 130 MSM were recruited from Denpasar II Public Health Centre and Bali Medica Clinic – Badung District. Data were collected through interviews among MSM who visited both providers for STIs services from August to October 2015. Variables of this study included sociodemographic, sexual network (pattern and density), sexual activities in the last month, sexual role, condom/lubricant use, and history of previous STIs. Data were descriptively analysed. Results: As many as 53.1% respondents were aged <25 years, 90.8% were senior high school or higher degree graduates, 6.2% were married, 91.5% were employed, and 59.2% were having a regular partner. In the last month, as many as 70.8% respondents reported to have sex with first sexual partner, 52.3% with second sexual partners, and 45.6% with third sexual partners. Younger respondents tended to seek for younger sexual partners. The majority of respondents had had insertive sex, as many as 40.0% with their first partner, 44.6% with their second partner, and 43.2% with their third partner. About 20% of respondents were having high density sexual network and 71.5% of respondents were having concurrent sexual partnership. The consistent condom use within six months was 67.6% with the first partner, 72.8% with the second and the third partners. As many as 23% of respondents were diagnosed to have STIs. Conclusion: MSM population in Bali Province seem to have high risk sexual behaviours with great sexual network density, high concurrent sexual partnership, and selective mixing between older and younger MSM population.
Stigma and discrimination: Barrier for ending AIDS by 2030 and achieving the 90-90-90 targets by 2020 Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2019.v7.i1.p01

Abstract

In order to be able to mirror the achievements of other countries towards 90-90-90, addressing stigma and discrimination towards key populations and people with HIV+ is crucial. Without these efforts ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 will be challenging to realize and remain a lofty aspiration.
Association between nursing care performance with perception of financial rewards, career development and supervision Ayu Ratih Cempakasari; Ni Made Sri Nopiyani; Dyah Pradnyaparamitha Duarsa
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2019.v7.i1.p02

Abstract

Background and purpose: The performance of nurses in providing care to patients is an important component for patient satisfaction and healing. Nurse's performance is determined by many factors. This study aims to determine the association between nurse performance in providing nursing care with education, nurse perceptions of financial rewards, career development opportunities, and supervision of the ward head. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all nurses (164 people) at inpatient wards of Tabanan General Hospital. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire in April 2018. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratios. Results: The results showed that the mean score of nursing care performance was 70.17 from a maximum score of 80. All independent variables were found to be associated with nurse performance, namely perceptions of career development opportunities (AOR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.03-1.3; p=0.01), financial rewards (AOR=1.1; 95%CI: 1.01-1.2; p=0.03) and supervision of the ward chief (AOR=1.1; 95%CI: 1.01-1.2; p=0.02). Conclusion: Nurses' perceptions of financial rewards, career development opportunities, and supervision of the ward chief are associated with nursing care performance. Provision of rewards, career development and supervision need to be considered in the efforts to improve nurse performance.
Perception of disaster preparedness and participation in training are associated with disaster preparedness among health workers I Made Dwie Pradnya Susila; Pande Putu Januraga; Ni Wayan Arya Utami
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2019.v7.i1.p03

Abstract

Background and purpose: Disaster preparedness is crucial for health workers in order to provide relief to communities affected by disasters quickly and precisely. However currently there are only few health workers who are prepared to face disasters. This study aims to determine the association between knowledge in disaster management, perception of disaster preparedness, participation in training and experience in disaster management with disaster preparedness in health workers. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among health workers at Petang and Abiansemal public health centres (PHCs). Of the six PHCs in Petang and Abiansemal Sub-districts, four were randomly selected consisting of one PHC in Petang Sub-district and three PHCs in Abiansemal Sub-district. All health workers (271 people) in the four PHCs were selected as respondents. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted by the first author during April 2018 in the workplaces of each respondent using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data collected consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge in disaster management, perceptions of disaster preparedness, participation in training, experiences in disaster management and disaster preparedness. Questions consisted of three components namely knowledge in disaster management (12 items), perception of disaster preparedness (32 items) and disaster preparedness (25 items). Bivariate analysis was conducted with chi square test and multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression to determine the association between knowledge, perception, participation in training and experience in disaster management with disaster preparedness. Results: The results showed that 70.9% of respondents had attended disaster training, 40.6% had good knowledge, 24.7% had participated in disaster management and 49.1% had a high level of disaster preparedness. The variables significantly associated with disaster preparedness were perceptions of disaster preparedness (AOR=6.40; 95%CI: 3.71-10.99) and participation in disaster training (AOR=2.68; 95%CI: 1.44-4.97). Conclusion: Disaster preparedness among PHC health workers remains low. Perception of disaster preparedness and participation in training are significantly associated with disaster preparedness. Continuous training is needed to increase disaster preparedness among health workers.
Gestational weight gain is a risk factor of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Bangli District, Bali, Indonesia Ni Putu Ayu Wulan Noviyanti; I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Kadek Tresna Adhi
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2019.v7.i1.p04

Abstract

Background and purpose: Stunting in children is a chronic nutritional concern that has short-term and long-term health effects. Several studies have shown inconsistent results related to the association between stunting and anemia and increased maternal weight during pregnancy. This study aims to determine anemia during pregnancy, increased body weight and weight gain during pregnancy based on body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy as the risk factors of stunting. Methods: A case control study was carried out using the baseline data of an intervention study conducted from April to September to prevent stunting in children aged 6-23 months in nine villages in Bangli District, Bali Province. Baseline data collection was conducted from December 2017–February 2018 by interviewing 330 mothers of the children and observation of their ANC records. The number of samples for the case control study was 156 children aged 6-23 months consisting of 78 cases and 78 controls (1:1). Cases were selected by systematic random sampling from 82 children with stunting and controls were selected in the same way from 248 children without stunting. Data analyzed were maternal age at pregnancy, education, employment, number of children, family income, height, hemoglobin level and maternal body weight during pregnancy. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was conducted to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of each risk factor. Results: The increase in maternal weight during pregnancy which is not in accordance with maternal BMI before pregnancy and an increase in maternal weight of <10 or >12.5 kilograms are significantly associated with stunting with AOR=3.53 (95%CI: 1,55-8.07) and AOR=3.31 (95%CI: 1.24-8.85). Hemoglobin <11gr/dL during pregnancy was not found to be significantly associated with stunting (AOR=5.02; 95%CI: 0.80–31.71). Conclusion: The increase of maternal weight during pregnancy which is not suitable with BMI before pregnancy and an increase in maternal weight of <10 or >12.5 kilograms are risk factors for stunting in children aged 6-23 months. In addition to monitoring the increase of maternal weight during pregnancy, it is important to consider the mother’s BMI before pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of stunting.
Prevalence and determinants of pentavalent booster immunization in children aged three to five years in Denpasar, Bali Ni Rai Sintarini; Komang Ayu Kartika Sari; I Gusti Agung Trisna Windiani; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2019.v7.i1.p05

Abstract

Background and purpose: Pentavalent booster immunization coverage in Denpasar City is reported to be relatively low. This study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of pentavalent immunization uptake. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in one banjar (hamlet) which was selected purposively in the work area of Public Health Centre (PHC) I West Denpasar, Bali Province. Banjar was selected with consideration of the diversity of local residents and migrants. All mothers who had children aged 3-5 years (138 people) in the banjar were chosen as respondents. Interviews were conducted in each respondent's house with variables included age, education, employment, parity, region of origin, knowledge on immunization, perception of susceptibility to and severity of disease, perceptions of benefits and barriers to immunization, sources of information, family support and acceptance of immunization. Data analysis was performed with poisson regression to determine the determinants of pentavalent booster immunization. Results: The majority of respondents were aged <30 years, high school education or above, unemployed, had 1-2 children and were from Bali. The proportion of respondents who reported that their children had been given pentavalent immunization in children aged three to five years was found to be 78.3%. Immunization prevalence was found to be higher in the population that originated from Bali (82.1%). Determinants of pentavalent immunization are perceptions of benefits (APR=4.78; 95%CI: 1.35-16.96) and more sources of information (APR=1.21; 95%CI: 1.04-1.41). Conclusion: The prevalence of pentavalent booster immunization is found to be lower than the average prevalence of the Bali Province but higher than the reported coverage of Denpasar City. The determinants of immunization acceptance was perception of high benefits and more sources of information. Information dissemination on the benefits of pentavalent booster immunization in children needs to be enhanced through health workers and various media to increase the coverage of pentavalent immunization.
Engaging the private sector to improve antimicrobial use in the community Luh Putu Lila Wulandari; Virginia Wiseman
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2018.v6.i2.p01

Abstract

The private sector has been an overlooked but major source of AMR in many LMICs, including Indonesia. Private drug sellers such as community pharmacies and drug stores therefore have a major part to play in educating patients, rationalising antibiotic use, and stopping antibiotic sales without a prescription. Drafting new laws and regulations to govern the private sector is, however, unlikely to provide a comprehensive solution to the problem of AMR. AMR research must be broadened to include the evaluation of multi-faceted interventions that better reflect the complex incentives and preferences of private drug sellers and their clients. This evidence is urgently needed as countries like Indonesia finalise their National Action Plans and begin rolling out AMR related activities.

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