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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12, No. 1" : 6 Documents clear
Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Gifari, Muhammad Wildan; Ramadhani, Yogi; Kurniawan, Dhadhang Wahyu
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory disease of the liver, has recently raised concern among healthcare professionals worldwide due to its asymptomatic features, making early diagnosis challenging. If left unnoticed, NASH often progresses to lethal diseases such as liver fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) might facilitate the early diagnosis of NASH in a more efficient manner, forming a promising strategy to diagnose patients. In simple terms, AI is any machine that is capable of human-level intelligence, including visual perception, speech recognition, or decision making. A subclass of AI, which particularly deals with knowledge-based systems to find a relationship between different datasets, is called machine learning (ML). ML is based on the capability of a system to define or learn a relationship between the input and output data and then apply the learned relationship to any future datasets with a similar structure. The capability to maintain and analyze large datasets and aid in the prediction of outcomes makes ML particularly interesting for the application in NASH by, for instance, analyzing image data from patients, using biomarkers to predict clinical disease progression or by determining the efficacy of applied therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight the recent developments in the AI-based diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. First, we provide a brief introduction to AI and ML before generalizing the use of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of different liver diseases. Then, we will specifically elaborate on the use of AI in the detection of NASH and its precursor, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), focusing on the prediction and diagnosis of NASH and NAFLD as well as on the automation of imaging processes. Finally, we will highlight the clinical importance of AI in the detection of NASH before concluding with the future challenges for the application of AI in the field of NASH detection and treatment.
Potential of Legume Seeds from the Leguminosae Family as Material Source of Food and Medicine : A Literature Review Dewi, Ni Made Ayu Gangga; Oktaviyanti, Nina Dewi; Sakulpanich, Aurapa; Kartini, Kartini
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Leguminosae, also known as Fabaceae, is the third largest plant family after Orchidaceae and Asteraceae. This review aimed to explore the potential of several legume species indigenous to Indonesia, from the Leguminosae family, as sources of food and medicine. The data used for the analysis were collected from various online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The results showed that there were 13 species of Leguminosae family plants found easily in Indonesia including Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Mucuna pruriens, Arachis hypogaea, Vigna subterranea, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus lunatus, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata, Vigna angularis, Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, and Pisum sativum. Among these species, several plants have been underutilized as food material, including C. cajan, C. ensiformis, M. pruriens, and P. lunatus. These 13 legume plants generally contain carbohydrates, proteins, starch, fats, and minerals, making them valuable as potential food sources. They also predominantly contain secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols and flavonoids (e.g., genistein, daidzein, cajanin), which have significant potential to be developed into pharmacologically active compounds.
Optimization of Formula, Stability Testing, and Antioxidant Activity of Clay Masks as Skin Moisturizers Widyaningrum, Naniek; Anggoro Bhakti, Agung Dwi; Evan Maulana, Alghafiqy Harya; Safitri, Amalia; Ramadhani, Adinda Fajrah; Febriani, Anisa; Hanafi, Anggit Naufal; Arief, Thendi Abdul
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Clay masks are cosmetic formulations designed to adhere closely to the skin, effectively lifting contaminants, cleansing the face, and absorbing impurities. We made a clay mask containing active ingredients such as niacinamide, alpha arbutin, ceramide, and hyaluronic acid. A careful selection of ingredients is essential for ensuring safety and mitigating potential dermatological issues. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics, stability, primary irritation potential, and moisturizing efficacy of this clay mask formulation. Kaolin and bentonite are the primary base materials. The research included formulation optimization and physical stability testing using a cycling test, where each cycle was conducted over a 24-hour period for a total of six cycles. Evaluations were performed on organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, viscosity, and drying time. Subsequently, data were analyzed using paired sample T-tests. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the ABTS method to determine IC50 values. Both preclinical and clinical irritation tests were performed, and the clinical efficacy of the moisturizer was evaluated in 30 participants. The optimal formula consisted of 0.8% kaolin and 0.2% bentonite, and all the evaluation parameters met the required standards. Stability testing and percentage inhibition measurements revealed no significant differences during storage (p>0.05). The formulation demonstrated strong antioxidant activity (IC50<50) and showed no irritation in preclinical or clinical irritation tests. The efficacy results indicated that the developed clay mask formulation has significant potential as a safe and effective skin moisturizer.
In Vitro α-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition Activity Test of Water Extract From Sintok (Cinnamomum sintoc Blume) Bark Saksono, Astrella Amanda Putri; Simanjuntak, Inana Ratu Soripada; Wahjudi, Mariana; Gondokesumo, Marisca Evalina
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels beyond the normal limits. One therapeutic approach for managing diabetes mellitus involves inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, which plays a role in glucose absorption in the body. However, the use of oral antidiabetic drugs from the α-glucosidase inhibitor class often causes gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, exploring natural materials as alternative treatments is a promising option. In Indonesia, one plant with potential as an alternative treatment is sintok (Cinnamomum sintoc Blume), a member of the Cinnamomum genus, which is widely utilized in traditional medicine for chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of a water extract of sintok bark. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for measuring α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity in vitro using a UV- vis spectrophotometer. The results showed optimal enzyme activity at a wavelength of 405 nm, an incubation time of 40 minutes, and a substrate concentration of 12.5 mM. The water extract of sintok bark exhibited the highest inhibitory activity at a concentration of 5 ppm, with an inhibition value of 28.66%, while acarbose, used as a positive control, achieved the highest inhibition value of 96.36% at a concentration of 4.5 ppm. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of sintok bark demonstrates inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme, indicating its potential as a natural antidiabetic agent.
Authentication of Kaffir Lime Leaf Oil (Citrus hystrix D.C.) in Products Using FTIR Combined with Chemometrics Jeffry, Jeffry; Guntarti, Any; Salamah, Nina
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Indonesia is rich in aromatic plants, producing approximately 40 types of essential oils used in various industries, including health and aromatherapy. Essential oils have significant potential but face high rates of adulteration. This study aimed to identify kaffir lime leaf oil (Citrus hystrix D.C.), to determine the essential oil profile, and to detect adulteration in commercial oil products. The methods used involved steam distillation and characterization tests of kaffir lime leaf essential oil, including yield percentage and organoleptic, density, refractive index, and solubility in alcohol. An essential oil content test and adulteration detection using FTIR combined with chemometrics were also conducted. The FTIR results showed distinctive peaks for kaffir lime leaf oil, allowing the identification of the main compounds in the oil. Multivariate analysis using the PLS model could predict oil adulteration with RMSEC 1.319, RMSECV 1.913, and RMSEP 2.362, indicating the model’s accuracy. Furthermore, PCA successfully separated and grouped the tested oils. This study concludes that the analyzed oil was kaffir lime leaf oil, based on the characterization results and FTIR spectra showing distinctive peaks of the oil. PLS and PCA analysis showed that the three tested commercial oil products did not contain turpentine adulterants.
Gastroprotective Potential of Medicinal Plant From Central Kalimantan: Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack)-Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction in Rats Induced with Absolute Ethanol Savitri, Dilasari; Trinovita, Elsa; Widayati, Ratna; Handayani, Septi; Nugrahini, Sintha
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease is a gastrointestinal disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Enhancing the quality of life of patients with peptic ulcers often involves integrating conventional treatments with complementary alternative therapies. One such alternative therapy is herbal remedies, which local communities have long recognized. Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) contain various bioactive components, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to assess the gastroprotective properties of sungkai leaf extract (Peronema canescens Jack) by analyzing the average size of gastric lesions in male Wistar rats exposed to absolute ethanol. The research used a true experimental design with a posttest-only control group approach involving six treatment groups, each consisting of four rats. Gastroprotective activity was macroscopically evaluated by measuring the average size of the gastric lesions. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for post hoc comparisons. Results showed that the normal group had an average lesion size of 0 mm, the negative control group had 115.37±50.53 mm, and the positive control group had 7.40±2.57 mm. For the groups treated with sungkai leaf extract, the 100 mg/kgBW dose resulted in 6.86±3.83 mm lesions, the 200 mg/kgBW dose in 9.65±10.27 mm, and the 400 mg/kgBW dose in 29.50±19.68 mm. Statistical analysis using SPSS 26 revealed a significant difference between the groups,with a Kruskal-Wallis test result of p=0.002. These findings show that sungkai leaf extract exhibits gastroprotective activity compared with omeprazole, as seen by the smaller average size of gastric lesions in male Wistar rats treated with absolute ethanol.

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