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International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
Published by CV. Inara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2808845X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) e- ISSN : 2808-845X is a communication media and scientific publication in the health and pharmaceutical fields published by Inara Publisher. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) contains articles from research focusing on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, preventive medicine (social medicine), pharmacy, and other medical fields. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) is published periodically four times a year (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 527 Documents
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Analysis of Antibiotic Use Pattern in Patient With Acute Respiratory Tract Infection at Royal Prima Hospital Medan Year 2023 - 2024 Fizry Munthe, Amalia; Darmadi, Suhartina; Lestari, Sri
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025 ( Indonesia - Thailand)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.510

Abstract

. Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity in Indonesia, particularly among children and toddlers. Irrational use of antibiotics continues to be a serious issue as it contributes to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this research tended to analyze the pattern of antibiotic use among ARTI patients at Royal Prima Hospital Medan during the period of 2023–2024. This study employed a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 211 patients diagnosed with ARTI who were treated at Royal Prima Hospital Medan. The variables analyzed included patient characteristics (age and gender), type of ARTI, type and class of antibiotics, and duration of antibiotic administration. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 25 descriptively in the form of percentage distributions and frequency. The results showed that most ARTI patients were male (55.5%), and belonged to the toddler (55.0%) and child (37.9%) age groups. The most common type of ARTI found was upper respiratory tract infection (bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and laryngitis), accounting for 89.3% of cases. A total of 91.5% of patients received antibiotics, while 8.5% did not. The most frequently used antibiotic was amoxicillin (46.9%), followed by cefixime (25.1%). Based on the WHO AWaRe classification (2023), ACCESS group antibiotics dominated usage (>60%), while WATCH group antibiotics were used in limited cases (25%). The most common duration of antibiotic therapy was 3–5 days, and most patients received monotherapy (85.8%). Overall, the pattern of antibiotic use among ARTI patients at Royal Prima Hospital Medan was largely in accordance with WHO and Indonesian Ministry of Health guidelines, particularly in the selection of ACCESS group antibiotics and the limitation of combination therapy. However, the high rate of antibiotic prescription for mild ARTI cases indicates the need to strengthen the Antimicrobial Resistance Control Program (PPRA) and implement delayed antibiotic prescription strategies to develop the antibiotics’ rational use in hospital settings.
The Influence of Non-Clinical Factors (Age, Location, and Non-Medical Costs) on Patient Satisfaction and Loyalty at The Outpatient Polyclinic of The Manado City Dental and Oral Hospital M. N. Karinda, Sysilia; M.V. Wariki, Windy; E. Manampiring, Aaltje
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.511

Abstract

Patient satisfaction and loyalty are influenced not only by clinical factors but also by non-clinical factors, especially in the context of dental and oral health services supported by the National Health Insurance system. Three non-clinical factors that are strongly suspected of influencing patient satisfaction are age, non-medical costs, and location. Purpose. This study aims toanalyzing the direct and indirect influence between age, non-medical costs, and location on patient loyalty through patient satisfactionat the outpatient clinic of the Manado City Dental and Oral HospitalMethods. This study is a quantitative study with an analytical observational approach and uses a cross-sectional design, which was conducted in October - December 2025. The study sample consisted of 128 respondents consisting of respondents ≥ 18 years. Data were collected through questionnaires, then analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results.The results show that there is a direct effect of age and non-medical costs on patient satisfaction (p = 0.001), there is a direct effect of age on patient loyalty (p = 0.001), there is a direct effect of patient satisfaction on patient loyalty (p = 0.001), there is a direct effect of age on patient loyalty through patient satisfaction (p = 0.001) and there is a direct effect of non-medical costs on patient loyalty through patient satisfaction (p = 0.036). Meanwhile, there is no direct effect of location on patient satisfaction and loyalty (p = 0.976 and 0.436), there is no direct effect of non-medical costs on patient loyalty (p = 0.058), and there is no effect of location on patient loyalty through patient satisfaction (p = 0.979).ConclusionPatient satisfaction is a full mediator between non-medical costs and loyalty, and a partial mediator between age and loyalty.
Development of the “Rehcardicare” Application for Post-Coronary Rehabilitation Artery Bypass Graft for Improving Cardiac Endurance Through Resistance and Flexibility Training Rinawati, Rinawati; Silaban, Lidia
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025 ( Indonesia - Thailand)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.514

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a heart abnormality caused by narrowing or obstruction of the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the development of the "Rehcardicare" application after CABG to improve patients' cardiac endurance using resistance and flexibility. It also measured the effectiveness of the "Rehcardicare" application in improving cardiac endurance after CABG. It also identifies patient attitudes toward the "Rehcardicare" application. Methods: The design used a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. Data were collected on patient characteristics, patient understanding of heart conditions, the CABG procedure, and the importance of rehabilitation. Data were collected on initial cardiac functional capacity, digital records of "Rehcardicare" application usage, improvements in cardiovascular functional capacity, and patient attitudes toward "Rehcardicare" application-based rehabilitation. Implementation of post-CABG patient rehabilitation using the "Rehcardicare" Rehabilitation application through resistance and flexibility training and the effectiveness of the "Rehcardicare" rehabilitation application in increasing cardiac endurance and data were analyzed using a t-test with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The age of respondents was more with 8 people aged 51-60 years (44.4%) with a gender that was more with men as many as 15 people (83.3%), the occupation of respondents was more with self-employed as many as 12 people (66.7%), patients were able to identify problems that arose during rehabilitation, there was an increase in the distance traveled by the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) compared to the baseline results before rehabilitation by 100%. The design of the "Rehcardicare" rehabilitation application was effective in increasing cardiac endurance in post-CABG patients with a p-value = 0.000 < α = 0.05 Conclusion: The design of the “Rehcardicare” rehabilitation application was successfully designed by integrating resistance and flexibility exercises, assessment indicators, and digital monitoring that are appropriate to the needs of post-CABG patients, the application has been proven to be effective in increasing cardiac endurance, which is indicated by an increase in the results of the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and improvements in the functional capacity of patients, the implementation of rehabilitation through the application patients to do exercises safely, structured, and consistently, while making it easier for medical personnel to monitor patient progress and post-CABG patients show a positive attitude towards application-based rehabilitation, by assessing the application as easy to use, useful, and increasing motivation and adherence to the program and the “Rehcardicare” application has the potential to be an effective alternative to cardiac tele-rehabilitation, especially to support patients who have difficulty following face-to-face rehabilitation in hospitals.
Characteristics of Procalcitonin Values and Absolute Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Pneumonia Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care Unit of a Hospital H. Adam Malik Angela Yurika Purba; Syamsul Bihar; Bintang YM Sinaga
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.516

Abstract

.Sepsis pneumonia ranks among leading causes of global mortality, particularly in ICU settings, yet local biomarker profiles remain underexplored in resource-limited contexts like Indonesia. This study aimed to characterize procalcitonin (PCT) and absolute neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in ICU sepsis pneumonia patients at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan (2023). Employing an observational analytic cross-sectional design, total sampling captured 132 patients meeting Sepsis-3 criteria (qSOFA ≥2, SOFA ≥2, age ≥18 years) with complete PCT/NLR data. Secondary data from medical records were analyzed using SPSS 25 via univariate descriptives and Spearman bivariate tests. Results revealed demographic dominance of males (61.37%) and age ≥60 years (40.15%), lymphopenia (94.70%), neutrophilia (90.90%), critical NLR (>17; 50%), and PCT predominantly in sepsis/infection range (0.5-2 ng/mL; 39.39%) followed by septic shock (>10 ng/mL; 29.55%). In conclusion, elevated NLR and PCT confirm severe inflammation patterns aligned with Sepsis-3, supporting biomarker-guided therapy to mitigate antibiotic overuse in Indonesian ICUs.
Factors Associated with Rabies Antibody Titers in Dogs in Mapanget District, Manado City Rosalin Hutasoit, Dimitris; Johnson Kepel, Billy; Iren Christy Manoppo, Jeanette
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.522

Abstract

Rabies remains a highly fatal zoonotic disease and continues to pose a substantial public health challenge in Indonesia, including in Manado City. Mapanget District hosts a considerable dog population, yet empirical data on herd immunity based on rabies antibody titers are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants associated with rabies antibody titers among dogs in Mapanget District, Manado City. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 97 dogs selected through purposive sampling. Serum samples were analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to classify antibody titers as protective (≥0.5 IU/mL) or non-protective (<0.5 IU/mL). Statistical analyzes included Fisher's Exact Test and multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between host factors and antibody titer status. Only 8.2% of dogs exhibited protective antibody titers, whereas 91.8% demonstrated non-protective levels. Vaccination status showed a highly significant association with antibody titers (p < 0.001). Vaccinated dogs were markedly more likely to achieve protective titers compared to unvaccinated dogs (OR = 35.71; 95% CI: 3.888–328.026). No significant associations were observed for dog type, age, or sex (p > 0.05). The findings underscore a critically low level of immunity within the dog population in Mapanget District, primarily attributable to insufficient vaccination coverage. Vaccination emerged as the predominant factor influencing the development of protective antibody titers. Strengthening routines and mass vaccination programs, coupled with systematic serological monitoring, are imperative to achieve adequate herd immunity and to advance rabies elimination strategies in the region.
Fetal Macrosomia with Suboptimal Antenatal Care: A Case Report Dhiya An, Alfun; Alwiandono, Indrahany; Nur Maulidya, Asri; Maharany Arumningtyas, Restu
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.443

Abstract

Background: Fetal macrosomia is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. Early detection relies on adequate Antenatal Care (ANC), including appropriate metabolic screening and serial fetal growth assessment. Suboptimal ANC may delay the recognition of maternal risk factors and fetal overgrowth, particularly in high-risk pregnancies. Case presentation: We reported a case of a 46-year-old Indonesian multiparous woman with obesity who was referred from the Community Health Centre (CHC) to a secondary hospital due to post-term pregnancy, suspected fetal macrosomia, and advanced maternal age. Despite multiple ANC visits, random blood glucose testing was not documented during Integrated Antenatal Care at the CHC, the primary healthcare level. Progressive excessive maternal weight gain and marked increases in fundal height were observed during the second and third trimesters without further metabolic evaluation. An elective caesarean section was performed at 40+4 weeks of gestation, delivering a male neonate weighing 5,295 g. Post-operative evaluation revealed maternal prediabetic status, while the neonate required monitoring due to macrosomia but remained clinically stable. Conclusion: This case highlights the consequences of suboptimal antenatal screening and surveillance in high-risk pregnancies. Failure to perform a timely metabolic assessment and respond to clinical indicators of excessive fetal growth may contribute to the delayed diagnosis of fetal macrosomia. Strengthening the quality and completeness of integrated antenatal care, particularly at the primary healthcare level, is essential to improve early detection and prevent adverse maternal dan neonatal outcomes.
Dysphagia Improvement Following Sublingual Nifedipine Administration in Long-Segment Esophageal Stricture: A Case Report Jonathan, Steven; Putu Bayu Triguna, I; Giri Prathiwindya, Gde; Made Suma Wirawan, I
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.504

Abstract

Dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing either solid food or liquid. Esophageal stricture being one of the most common causes of dysphagia can be caused by inflammation, fibrosis, or neoplasia damaging the esophageal lumen. If left untreated, dysphagia can lead to malnutrition, aspiration, and decreased quality of life. Another common cause of dysphagia is esophageal motility disorder, an impairment in peristalsis of the esophageal. Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine have been reported to improve dysphagia and may serve as alternative therapy while waiting for endoscopic intervention. A 27-year-old man presented with a two-month history of progressive dysphagia to solids, semisolids, and liquids, after an episode of hematemesis. Esophagogram showed esophageal stricture with impaired peristaltic. Contrast-enhanced CT result was suggestive of an intraluminal esophageal stricture. The patient was given sublingual nifedipine before meals as an alternative therapy while waiting for endoscopic intervention, and showed gradual sympomatic improvement. Dysphagia caused by long-segment esophageal stricture can be exacerbated by secondary motility disorder. While definitive treatment requires endoscopic intervention, sublingual nifedipine offered effective short-term symptomatic relief by reducing esophagogastric junction pressure and improving bolus transit through the narrowed lumen.
Analysis of Food Taboo and Food Belief Compliance in Anemic Pregnant Women at Tuntang Community Health Center Fahmi Hidayat, Nabila; Ika Riani, Risky; Tursinawati, Yanuarita; Muslimah, Muslimah
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.512

Abstract

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin concentration ≤ 11.0 g/dL. Inadequate diet can be caused by a culture of food taboo and food belief, this causes pregnant women to be at high risk of experiencing anemia. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the compliance of anemic pregnant women with food taboos and food beliefs. Methods: This research uses qualitative methods with an ethnological design. This research design was carried out using in-depth interviews. There were 9 research informants, namely 5 pregnant women with anemia and 4 additional informants. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: The level of compliance of anemic pregnant women at the Tuntang health center towards the culture of food taboo and food disbelief is high. They tend to comply with input regarding intake from the family. Pregnant women who still adhere to this culture admit that they have followed this culture since their first pregnancy. Foods they avoid include goat meat, eggs and papaya leaves. Medical personnel play a role in providing education to pregnant women through routine examinations, classes for pregnant women, and providing additional food. Knowledge of anemic pregnant women at the Tuntang health center is quite good. Conclussion: Food taboo and food belief attitudes and habits are still adhered to due to family influence. They often get nutritional information through advice from medical personnel.
The Effect of Knowledge Level About Chronic Kidney Disease On Psychological Well-Being of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Nahdiana, Dina; Tiyas Anggraini, Merry; Budi Pratama, Susilo; Muslimah, Muslimah
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.513

Abstract

Background:Chronic kidney disease has emerged as a leading cause of death and suffering in the 21st century. Hemodialysis is the most common renal replacement therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease. Hemodialysis patients experience physical and psychological distress. The psychological effects include increasedFatigue, anxiety, decreased quality of life, and increased risk of suicide are some of the factors contributing to this. Self-acceptance in patients can lead to the development of a new purpose in life, known as psychological well-being. One of the major problems contributing to hemodialysis failure is patient refusal, which is linked to low knowledge. This study aims to analyze the influence of knowledge levels about chronic kidney disease on psychological well-being in patients with chronic kidney disease. Method:This quantitative, observational, and analytical research method utilized a cross-sectional design. A population of 103 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in October 2023 served as the study subjects. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The Spearman rank test was also used by the researchers. The research instruments used were a questionnaire on the level of knowledge regarding chronic kidney disease and a questionnaire on the psychological well-being scale theory from Ryf.Results:A total of 89 respondents met the inclusion criteria. The Spearman rank test yielded a p-value of 0.000 and a correlation strength of +0.737, indicating a strong positive effect of knowledge on the psychological well-being of chronic kidney disease sufferers.Conclusion:The better the level of knowledge regarding chronic kidney disease, the greater the impact on improving the psychological well-being of chronic kidney disease sufferers.
Effects of Inclisiran on Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review Warham, Warham; Fitriani Andi Padri, Nurul; Zeth, Wiking; Istiqamah Ahmad, Annisa; Miftahulresty Aksi, Asdwiyenti; Asshiddiq Suhardi Andi Ara, Azhim
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.515

Abstract

Background: Inclisiran is a novel small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy that specifically targets proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), thereby introducing an innovative method for the regulation of lipid levels. The implications of this intervention regarding systemic inflammatory biomarkers necessitate comprehensive investigation. Objective: To thoroughly evaluate how inclisiran influences inflammatory markers, especially high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), among a group of people identified with hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods: A thorough systematic literature review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A meticulous search was undertaken across three databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed) encompassing the timeframe from January 2017 to December 2025. Two independent reviewers engaged in the processes of filtering, extracting information, and quality evaluation by using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, specifically crafted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results: Out of an initial cohort of 304 records, 11 studies met the predetermined inclusion criteria, encompassing 4 noteworthy phase 2-3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (ORION-1, -9, -10, -11). Inclisiran revealed considerable reductions in LDL-C concentrations (varying from 47.9% to 52.6%), while demonstrating neutral effects on hs-CRP levels, which encompassed non-significant increases when compared to placebo (for example, from 3.5% to 8.5%). No investigations have provided data pertaining to IL-6 or TNF-α. All RCTs evaluated demonstrated a significantly low propensity for bias. Conclusions: Current empirical research indicates that inclisiran does not significantly influence systemic hs-CRP levels and lacks comprehensive data regarding other essential inflammatory biomarkers. The enhancements noted in cardiovascular wellness tied to this medication seem to be chiefly dictated by major declines in LDL-C concentrations, instead of variations in overall inflammation. Upcoming research on heart health results must incorporate a wide selection of inflammatory indicators to fully explain the complicated impacts of inclisiran.

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