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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 27, No. 4" : 10 Documents clear
Electro-optical Effect of 4-n-alkyl-sulfanyl-4' isothiocyanate-biphenyl Liquid Crystal Homologous Series Under Terahertz Frequency: A Theoretical Approach Kumar, Yogesh; Kumar, Narinder
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This work presented the electro-optical effect of the homologous series 4-n-alkyl-sulfanyl-4'-isothiocyanate-biphenyl (N1SC13H8-SH2n+1Cn) under an electric field with terahertz (THz) frequency. The increase in alkyl sulfanyl chain length reduces the birefringence but increases the order parameter in THz frequency. An inverse relationship exists between the birefringence and order parameter. Meanwhile, the increase in alkyl sulfanyl chain length increases the refractive index with an even–odd effect. Birefringence, refractive index, order parameter, and director angle show an even–odd effect in the THz frequency range. The calculation is performed between 1 and 1,200 THz frequency. The isothiocyanate stretching corresponding to infrared absorbance remains unchanged for the whole series, showing potential in filtering and sensing applications.
Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Heavy Metal Status of a Lotic Ecosystem in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, North Central Nigeria Adano, Aminu Ja’afar; Marcus, Nengak Danjuma; Magaji, Joshua Ibrahim; Opaluwa, Obaje Daniel
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Co, Cr, and Mn and their seasonal variations in water samples from the Wupa River, Abuja, Nigeria, were studied through the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method to determine the suitability of the water for domestic usage and identify potential sources of contamination. Sixty samples were collected during both dry and wet seasons. The respective metal concentrations (in mg/dm3) in the dry and wet seasons were as follows: Cu (0.023 ± 0.022, 0.023 ± 0.026), Zn (0.104 ± 0.039, 0.158 ± 0.085), Fe (0.350 ± 0.097, 0.3630.103), Cd (not detectable), Co (not detectable), Cr (0.003 ± 0.003, 0.004 ± 0.004), and Mn (0.120 ± 0.132, 0.110 ± 0.099). Among these metals, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Mn occurred in concentrations below the tolerable limits recommended by Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality and WHO, whereas Fe exceeded these limits, and Cd and Co were not detectable. The calculated heavy metal pollution index values (68.22 in the dry season and 63.78 in the wet season) were lower than the critical value (100), indicating low pollution levels in both seasons. The metal index values for both seasons (1.50 for the dry season and 1.55 for the wet season) suggest that the water from the Wupa River was slightly affected by heavy metals. Moreover, no significant differences in metal concentrations existed between the dry and wet seasons. A strong positive correlation occurred between Zn and Fe only during the wet season. Water from the river was polluted with Fe and unsuitable for domestic use. Potential sources of contamination include agricultural areas, industrial effluents, and domestic waste in the wet season, and industrial and domestic sewage in the dry season. To make the river water safe for use, it should be treated and regularly monitored for metal contents, and sources of contamination should be managed appropriately.
Free-Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds of Red and Green Poinsettia Leaves (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) from Lombok Island Muliasari, Handa; Sopiah, Baiq; Yuanita, Emmy; Ningsih, Baiq Nila Sari
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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To determine the free-radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of Poinsettia leaves (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) from Lombok Island, we used the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method and expressed the total phenolic content as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of ethanol extract. The results show the strong antioxidant activity (79.77 ppm) of the ethanol extract of red Poinsettia leaves and the moderate antioxidant activity of green Poinsettia leaves (118.350 ppm). The ethanol extracts of red and green Poinsettia leaves possessed an average of 63.276 ± 0.228 and 22.715 ± 0.090 mg GAE/g extract total phenolic contents, respectively. In addition, the ethanol extracts of red and green Poinsettia leaves exhibited moderate and strong free-radical inhibitory activities, respectively. These findings indicate that color affects the antioxidant ability of leaves and their phenolic content.
Enzymatic Screening and Genotypic Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria from the Hot Springs of Sarawak, Malaysia Toh, Seng Chiew; Lihan, Samuel; Leong, Sui Sien; Lahuri, Azizul Hakim; Woon, Wai Cheong; Ng, Wing Woh
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Owing to their eccentric thermostable ability, thermophiles are among the most utilized extremophiles in various industries, such as manufacturing, and clinical research. Researchers believe that many unknown thermophiles are yet to be discovered. This study aimed to genotypically characterize the diversity of thermophiles and screen them for the potential production of enzymes in the recreational hot springs located at Northwest Coast of Borneo. Water samples were collected at 45 °C–50 °C from Annah Rais and Panchor hot springs during the sampling period from January 2018 to January 2019. Three samples (water and sediment) were collected twice in a 3-week interval from each pool of the sampling sites. Each water sample was diluted up to 10−3 and plated on thick nutrient agar at 55 °C for 24 h. Customized nutrient agar plus Bacto-agar plates were used for the optimum growth analysis of the isolates at 40 °C–90 °C for 24 h. The thermophiles were isolated, characterized biochemically, and amplified molecularly using DNA fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lipase, protease, gelatinase, amylase, catalase, and nitrate reductase enzymatic production was examined. Twenty-one thermophilic isolates were successfully characterized into seven clusters of Amnoxybacillus spp. and Geobacillus spp. by studying their phylogenetic dendrograms. Isolates AR10 and AR15 could produce most of the tested enzymes. All the isolates showed negative results in gelatinase and lipase production. PC14 was the only isolate that did not produce any of the enzymatic reactions in this experiment. The results showed that most of the thermophiles isolated from the two Borneo hot springs can synthesize enzymes and have potential to be thermostable. In conclusion, the search for the thermophilic producers of novel enzymes in Borneo is successful; further research must focus on their applications.
Relation of Salivary Alpha-Amylase (sAA) Concentration to Fatigue Biomarkers in Palm Oil Office Workers in Jambi Province: Preliminary Study Kusmawan, David; Eka Rini, Willia Novita; Aurora, Wahyu Indah Dewi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
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The salivary α-amylase (sAA) concentration has a potential role as a biological indicator of occupational fatigue. This study aimed to determine the levels of sAA and its influencing factors. This research used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 40 office staff respondents at PT. X (Persero). Mental workload (MWL), sleep quality, and occupational fatigue were measured using the NASA-Total Load Index (TLX), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Industrial Fatigue Research Committee, respectively. Meanwhile, the basic sAA levels was measured through the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using the Bioenzy® Kit Assay. Descriptive analysis showed that the workers were mostly men, 75% of which had a high education level and 72.5% were of marital status. MWL scoring in NASA-TLX revealed an average score of 70.91, which indicates a high MWL. Pearson’s correlation analysis unveiled that occupational fatigue and sleep quality were significantly correlated with sAA concentration. The final model showed that for each one-unit increase in occupational fatigue, the sAA concentration increased by 15.90 U/mL. Furthermore, for every unit increase in sleep quality, the sAA concentration decreased by 13.38 U/mL. sAA concentration can be used as a potential noninvasive biological marker related to sleep quality and occupational fatigue.
Oxidation of Ethanolamine by Potassium Permanganate in the Presence and Absence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate: A Kinetic Study in an Acidic Medium Latona, Dayo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
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The kinetics of ethanolamine oxidation by acidified KMnO4 was investigated in the absence and presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was investigated using a pseudo-first-order kinetics approach, with [ethanolamine]o >> [KMnO4]o. The measurements were conducted at λmax = 525 nm using an ultraviolet/visible-1800 Shimadzu spectrophotometer. The stoichiometry showed that 2 moles of KMnO4 were consumed by 5 moles of ethanolamine in the aqueous medium. The reaction orders in both the aqueous and micellar media remained the same with a first-order dependence on [KMnO4] and [ethanolamine] and a fractional-order dependence on [H+]. The dependence on [H+] was in the form of kobs = a + b[H+], and the Michaelis-Menten plot showed the existence of an intermediate complex. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrum suggested the conversion of the OH group in ethanolamine to aldehyde. Activation parameters were obtained from the Arrhenius and Eyring equations as follows: ∆H# = 22.12 kJ mol-1, ∆S# = -0.224 kJ K-1 mol-1, and ∆G# = 88.87 kJ mol-1 in the aqueous medium, and ∆H# = 26.38 kJ mol-1, ∆S# = -0.191 kJ K-1 mol−1, and ∆G# = 83.298 kJ mol-1 in the micellar medium. The similarity in ∆G# values in both media suggests the occurrence of the same reaction mechanism, and the negative ∆S# suggests a rigid transition state and association mechanism. The polymerization test revealed the absence of free radicals, indicating that one-electron oxidation leading to the formation of free radicals could be ruled out. Additionally, Menger–Portnoy’s and Piszkiewicz’s cooperativity models were employed to analyze the micellar effect.
Using In silico Tools to Analyze the 5ʹ Untranslated Regions of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene from Arabidopsis thaliana and Omega Sequence Mohammadhassan, Reza; Asadishad, Tina
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
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The 5ʹ ends of protein-encoding genes contain 5ʹ untranslated regions (5ʹUTRs), which can effectively participate in regulating gene expression. The 5ʹUTRs of Arabidospis thaliana–derived alcohol dehydrogenase gene (AtADH) and omega (Ω) sequence from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are the most effective enhancers in biotechnology. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were employed to analyze the characteristics of the above sequences. After 5ʹUTR sequence collection, the inner ribosome entrance sites; small RNA (sRNA) target sequences; nucleotide contents; and upstream start and stop codons, ORFs, and coding DNA sequences of the Ω sequence and AtADH 5ʹUTR were identified. Moreover, the free energies of secondary structures were calculated. Both 5ʹUTRs lacked upstream start codons and proteins, causing no interruptions in ribosome activity. The GC contents of the Ω sequence and AtADH 5ʹUTR were 24% and 30%, respectively. The Ω sequence contains more pyrimidines than AtADH 5ʹUTR. The Ω sequence included only three CAAT box regulatory elements. The free energy of the secondary structures of Ω was less than that of the AtADH 5ʹUTR. Two predicted secondary structures of Ω showed low complexity and free energy. Ω had a longer Inner ribosome entrance sites than the AtADH 5ʹUTR. In contrast to the AtADH 5ʹUTR, Ω was targeted by two sRNAs. Therefore, Ω is more powerful in enhancing ribosomal activity, translation, and protein expression than the AtADH 5ʹUTR.
An Inkjet-printed Graphene Oxide–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) Electrode for Nitrite Detection in Water Putra, Budi Riza; Anindya, Weni; Rafi, Mohamad; Kartika, Ika; Thaha, Yudi Nugraha; Ridhova, Aga; Wahyuni, Wulan Tri
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
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In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) for nitrite (NO2−) sensing was fabricated through an inkjet printing technique using a commercial printer machine and preparing an ink composite solution containing graphene oxide (GO) and poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as conductive materials. The optimum ink materials for SPE fabrication comprised GO and PEDOT:PSS with binders that resemble the viscosity of commercial ink. The surface topography of the fabricated SPE, which was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, showed a smoother surface compared to the commercial screen-printed carbon electrode, with conductive ink materials deposited primarily from GO/PEDOT:PSS composites. This NO2− sensor exhibited a linear response at the concentration range of 50–1000 µM, with limit of detection and limit of quantification as 25 and 50 µM, respectively. In addition, the stability, reproducibility, and selectivity of this sensor presented acceptable values in the analytical range. Furthermore, the performance of this sensor was compared with that of a spectrophotometry technique using synthetic water samples, and the results revealed its good analytical recovery at a confidence interval of 95%. Thus, our sensor based on SPE-modified GO/PEDOT:PSS, fabricated via the inkjet printing technique, can be potentially applied in monitoring NO2− concentration in real samples.
Effect of Temperature and Steam-to-Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ratio on Hydrogen Production in Water-Gas Shift Reaction using Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 Catalyst Desi, Sekar Kumala; Nursa'adah, Restu Siti; Anindita, Hana Nabila; Muharto, Bambang; Rahmawati, Nurdiah; Rini, Tyas Puspita; Rosyadi, Erlan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
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This study investigates the effect of steam-to-CO molar ratio and temperature on hydrogen production in a water gas shift reaction using a Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst. Herein, different steam-to-CO molar ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) and temperatures (200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C) were applied to investigate their impact on the reaction and H2 production. The Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst was characterized by its surface area, pore size distribution, and chemical composition. Moreover, the experimental setup enabled the control of temperature and steam-to-CO molar ratio while monitoring the product gas composition. The results revealed a considerable influence of temperature and steam-to-CO molar ratio on CO conversion efficiency. Notably, the majority of the experiment variations exhibited CO conversion exceeding 90% within 1 min throughout the reaction. Additionally, the highest H2 composition of 53.10% was reached at 250 °C with the steam-to-CO molar ratio of 3:1.
The Potential of Endophytic Bacteria as the Biocontrol Agents of Fusarium proliferatum Ernia, Rima; Mubarik, Nisa Rachmania; Sudirman, Lisdar Idwan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 4
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Fusarium proliferatum decreases the productivity of shallot (Allium cepa L.). Endophytic bacteria are potential biocontrol agents in controlling the growth of F. proliferatum. This study aimed to select and characterize endophytic bacteria producing bioactive compounds that inhibit the growth of F. proliferatum. The endophytic bacteria used were isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, and soil of shallot plants from healthy and diseased shallot farming fields. The endophytic bacteria were selected using the dual culture method and extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. The results of the 16S rRNA identification suggested that isolate ABP5.2 is similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while isolates BBP5.2 and DBP4.1 are similar to Myroides profundi. Isolate BBP5.2 was found to have the highest ability (68.15%) to inhibit the growth of F. proliferatum by using its antifungal compounds through a direct mechanism. In addition, the results of the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry analysis suggested that the compounds produced by the crude extracts of BBP5.2 isolate are hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, and piperine.

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