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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 29, No. 4" : 15 Documents clear
Comparing the Effectiveness of Eggshell Spectra from Laser-Induced Break-down Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using Principal Compo-nent Analysis to Determine the Authenticity of Organic Eggs Qusthalani, Ahmad; Mitaphonna, Rara; Ramli, Muliadi; Rajibussalim, Rajibussalim; Lahna, Kurnia; Zaini, Nasrullah; Idris, Nasrullah
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study aimed to explore the potential of modern spectroscopy in the authentication of organic and non-organic chicken eggs using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. A total of 175 eggs were analyzed, which were grouped into seven categories based on the source of feed given: 100% organic, 100% non-organic, 75% organic, 75% non-organic, 50% organic, free-range chickens, and eggs obtained from the local traditional market. Each group consisted of 25 eggs. NIRS spectra were recorded in the wavelength range of 350–2500 nm, whereas LIBS spectra were recorded in the range of 200–900 nm. A total of 350 spectral data were normalized and processed using multiplicative scatter correction, Savitzky–Golay filter, and detrending before being analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA). Analysis based on the PCA score plot showed that NIRS successfully distinguished organic and non-organic eggs with a separation percentage of 100%, whereas LIBS achieved a separation percentage of 86%. These results indicate that NIRS has significant advantages over LIBS in the authentication of organic and non-organic eggs. In addition, eggs from the uncaged chicken category showed similar spectral patterns to eggs from chickens fed 100% organic feed. Eggs obtained from the local traditional market were evenly distributed in the organic and non-organic groups. This study provides an important contribution to the development of nondestructive methods for controlling the quality and authentication of eggs in the food industry.
Development of Shigella flexneri Detection Method by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting the sfmD Gene Nurjayadi, Muktiningsih; Azizah, Puan Aqila; Setiawan, Agus; Sihombing, Ananda Indah Putri; Fitriyanti, Anisa; Grace, Grace; Putri, Gusti Angieta; Angelina, Helzi; Musie, Royna Rahma; Declan, Jefferson Lynford; Putri, Gladys Indira; Juliansyah, Dandy Akbar; Fatimah, Siti; Fahriza, Tiara; Kartika, Irma Ratna; Kurniadewi, Fera; Novitasari, Novitasari; Abomoelak, Bassam; El Enshasy, Hesham Ali; Chen, Shyi-Tien
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Shigella flexneri can cause shigellosis, which results in high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or death. This study developed a detection method based on real-time polymerase chain reaction that targets the sfmD gene of S. flexneri given that the virulence factor encoded by this gene is thought to facilitate adhesion to a host surface. The proposed method involves primer design, DNA isolation, the optimization of primer annealing temperature, and confirmation, specificity, and sensitivity tests. A sfmD primer with an amplicon length of 155 bp was annealed to the target DNA at an optimized temperature of 60 ℃ (range 54 °C–62 °C). This primer pair amplified the target sequences at a cycle threshold (Ct) of 15.11 ± 0.38 and a melting temperature of 82.41 ± 0.01 ℃. The primer specificity test showed that the primer distinguished S. flexneri from nontarget bacteria. The findings also revealed that the primer detected S. flexneri down to a limit of 16 pg/μL at a Ct of 26.68, equivalent to 2.79×102 CFU. Overall, the sfmD primer can effectively amplify S. flexneri DNA. Future research can be directed toward the detection of S. flexneri in artificially contaminated food samples to validate the real-food applicability and strengthen its potential use in food safety monitoring and clinical diagnostics.
Microplastic Degradation using Laccase Enzyme from Trametes hirsuta: In the Silico Study Riyanto, Hanzhola Gusman; Sylvia, Diana
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Microplastics are a serious global problem that arises worldwide because of their widespread use. Exposure to microplastics can negatively affect human and environmental health. In this study, we used molecular docking methods with MOE software (version 2014.0901) to investigate the interaction between the laccase enzyme and several microplastic compounds as a preliminary study of microplastic degradation using enzymes. The Quantitative Structure Analysis Relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that all microplastic ligands had higher Pa values than Pi, indicating that the laccase enzyme may be biologically active. The findings of the present study show that polyamide (PA) has the lowest binding energy among microplastics, implying that the enzyme can interact well with both active sites. In contrast, polypropylene exhibited the highest binding energy, indicating a lack of strong residue interactions between the ligand and the active sites. The Phe463 active site work well when dealing with nonpolar aromatic polymers, including polycarbonate, poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and polyurethane, allowing for significant π–π stacking interactions. The Ile455 active sites are more effective when dealing with polar aromatic polymers, such as PET and polyamide, due to their better hydrogen bonding or dipole interactions. This finding can be used as an initial basis for microplastic enzymatic degradation
Effect of Niobium Addition on Corrosion Behavior, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructures of U6Zr Alloys in an Aerated Environment Masrukan, Masrukan; Handoko, Djati; Djuhana, Dede; Sigit, Rohmad; Al Hasa, M. Husna; Adi, Wisnu Ari; Mardiah, Siti
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The effect of Nb addition on the corrosion behavior of U–6Zr alloys within an aerated, demineralized water (DW) environment (pH 5.61) and its correlation of this addition with the mechanical and microstructural properties of the alloys were investigated. The U–6Zr–xNb alloys (x = 1, 4, and 7 wt.%) were synthesized by arc-melting U, Zr, and Nb. Additionally, the samples were mounted and polished, after which they were subjected to electrochemical corrosion analysis using a potentiostat. This evaluation was conducted in a DW medium (pH 5.6), representing an aerated atmosphere, at room temperature (27°C) and a potentiodynamic scan rate of 1 mV/cm2. The results demonstrate that Nb addition to the U–6Zr alloy, which yielded a U–6Zr–xNb (x = 1.4 and 7 wt.%) alloy, influenced the corrosion behavior in media, exhibiting a slightly acidic pH (5.61). Nb additions of up to 4 wt.% caused a continuous increase in the open-circuit potential, corrosion-current density, and corrosion rate (CR); however, these values decreased with the continuous increase in Nb concentrations to 7 wt.%. Furthermore, microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the corrosion products across almost all U–6Zr–xNb test samples (x = 0, 1, 4, and 7 wt.%) were primarily stable uranium dioxide, which formed a protective layer, followed by oxynitride and zirconium(IV) oxide.Overall, the findings indicated that the varying Nb contents (1, 4, and 7 wt.%) dictated the CR, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the alloys. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the synthesis of U–6Zr–xNb alloys (x = 0, 1, 4, and 7 wt.%) with enhanced performance characteristics.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Pharmacokinetics, Drug-likeness, Toxicity, and Molecular Docking Studies of 4-N-(Methyl)-4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives as Antimalarial Compounds Baari, Muhamad Jalil; Hardiyanti, Devi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Antimalarial drug resistance has encouraged various innovations to develop novel drug compounds that are effective, feasible, and safe, adhering to health standards. One way to do that is by observing and predicting the biological activity of drug compounds using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. In this study, QSAR analysis was conducted on the 4-N-(methyl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives, which effectively inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum as a source of malaria. The research stages involved molecular structure modeling, molecular geometry optimization using the AM1 semi-empirical method, and QSAR descriptor calculations, including electronic (atomic charges (q), HOMO and LUMO energies, polarizability (α), and dipole moment (DM)), hydrophobic (log P), and steric (molecular weight (MW) and molecular refractivity (MR)) parameters. Optimizations and calculations were performed using the Hyperchem software version 8.0. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and external validation generated the best QSAR equation for Model 5: Log (1/IC50) = 11.132 + 42.074qC1 + 853.716qC7 + 444.151qC8 − 1380.73qC9 + 12.577qC16 + 1.155E HOMO − 1.0LogP − 1.365DM. The design of the novel derivatives was based on the QSAR equation’s influential parameters. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetic, drug-likeness, and toxicity aspects were investigated using the SwissADME and ProTox web servers. The results showed that several types of derivative compounds that have been synthesized and designed fulfill these three aspects. Derivatives 1D and 1E with higher antimalarial activities tended to have good pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-like properties but had higher toxicity levels than the other derivatives. Compounds 1B and 1C have relatively lower antimalarial activity but more favorable toxicity profiles. Compound 1A was considered the best potential drug candidate because of its high antimalarial efficacy and relatively low toxicity. The binding affinity of the 4-N-(methyl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives (−7.5 to −8.3 kcal/mol) with the PfDHODH receptor was close to its native ligand (−10.9 kcal/mol). This is corroborated by the stability and flexibility of PfDHODH-1A obtained from the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Therefore, these designed compounds have potential as novel antimalarial drugs.

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