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Ika Kusumaningtyas
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INDONESIA
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Articles 1,528 Documents
Integrated Primary Health Care Systems: A Potential Strategy for Enhancing Non-Communicable Disease Service Provision in Sumbawa District, West Nusa Tenggara Listyati Budi Utami
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: This study aims to identify barriers and explore effective strategies for increasing screening coverage for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular disease, among the elderly at Posbindu PTM in Sumbawa District through innovative integration of primary healthcare services. Content: Cardiovascular disease represents a significant global and national health threat, causing over 17.8 million deaths annually. In Indonesia, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is 1.5% and rising, making it the leading cause of death, particularly among men over 45 and women over 50, with an annual mortality rate of 650,000. In NTB, 30% of the population is at risk. The low coverage of Posbindu PTM services presents a substantial challenge to preventing and managing NCDs. Barriers include community reluctance to regularly visit Posbindu, a lack of awareness and understanding of NCDs, and limited human and health facility resources. The innovative integration of cardiovascular disease screening services into community health centers through the Posyandu Prima (Integrated Primary Services) concept addresses these barriers by increasing coverage and simplifying access to comprehensive health services for the elderly. This integration enhances elderly participation in cardiovascular disease screening and facilitates early detection of risk factors such as hypertension and high cholesterol, enabling more efficient and effective intervention. Collaboration between health workers at Posbindu and community health centers further enhances service efficiency and effectiveness. However, challenges persist, including operational adaptations and changes in the habits of elderly individuals who are unaccustomed to integrated services. Success hinges on government policies, specialized training for health workers, and effective educational campaigns targeting the elderly. While the integration of Posbindu PTM with community health centers offers a promising solution, achieving optimal results requires a multifaceted approach. This includes an integrated health service strategy, heightened public awareness through education, and the enhanced capacity of health workers to overcome barriers and achieve broader, more effective service coverage.
Proactive OHS Culture Program Through Competition, Motivation, and Cadre Development: A Solution for OHS Culture Building & the Shortage of OHS Personnel Muklis, Ahmad
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: This abstract aims to provide an overview of the issues related to the safety culture in Indonesia and the shortage of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) personnel. Content: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect of company operations, especially in sectors with a high risk of workplace accidents. Data from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan shows that the number of workplace accidents has increased over the past five years. The high rate of workplace accidents is largely due to unsafe work practices. Additionally, there is a shortage of OHS personnel in Indonesia. To create a work environment that prioritizes safety, organizations need to build and develop a safety culture in the workplace, creating an ultrasafe working environment. A program of competition, motivation, and cadre development aims to build a proactive safety culture among workers and serves as an alternative solution to the shortage of OHS personnel. The competition phase acts as an initial recruitment step for the program, while awarding and publicizing achievements serves as initial motivation. Establishing communication networks, discussions, and training sessions facilitated with OHS experts follows up of the competition phase. Regular evaluations are essential for refining and monitoring program progress (PDCA) . Competent participants will be designated as OHS agents and act as drivers of proactive safety culture in their respective units. These agents will also be responsible for overseeing work activities related to OHS. All activities within the program should provide incentives to high achievers, whether in the form of material rewards, recognition, or promotions, to maintain motivation.
Epidemiological Response to Diphtheria Cases in Sleman District, 2024 Assaad, Andi Ratu Boelqiah; Maziyya, Arifah Alfi; Khoirunnisa; Hidayat, Wachid Nur; Dharmawidjaja, Isa; Oktaria, Vicka
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which can lead to complications and death, but can be prevented through immunization. In Sleman, there have been no reported cases for many years. However, in 2024, several cases with symptoms of diphtheria. This triggered an epidemiological response to confirm outbreaks, identify close contacts, and implement control measures. Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted using diphtheria registration data from the Sleman District Health Office from January to May 2024. Diphtheria suspected cases were defined as individuals or persons exhibiting symptoms of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, or a combination of these, accompanied by fever or without fever, and the presence of a grayish-white pseudomembrane that is difficult to remove, bleeds easily when manipulated, and has been screened by the Expert Committee from the Ministry of Health Indonesia. Laboratory-confirmed diphtheria cases were defined as suspected cases with positive results. Results: An epidemiological investigation was conducted from January 23rd to May 8th 2024, which identified 21 suspected diphtheria cases. The cases were located in the Depok, Ngaglik, Tempel, Ngemplak, Kalasan, and Seyegan sub-districts. All cases underwent oropharyngeal swabs, with 3 confirmed positive and an outbreak declared. Laboratory-confirmed cases received Anti Diphtheria Serum (ADS), treatment, and isolation. Suspected cases received prophylaxis, immunization, and quarantine. Evaluation of diphtheria immunization status revealed that 66,7% of suspected cases had been immunized. Conclusions: A diphtheria outbreak has occurred in Sleman, and control measures have been well implemented. It is recommended to conduct immunization campaigns in areas with low coverage, improve community-based education related to diphtheria through training and health promotion media, and strengthen the surveillance system through regular training for surveillance officers, optimal active case finding, and timely reporting.
Initiation of Strategic Collaboration between Local Government and NGO to Strengthen Primary Healthcare Services for At-Risk Communities during COVID-19: Lesson Learned from PUSPA Dhea Keyle Fortunandha; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: This case report aims to summarize the strategic collaboration between the West Java Provincial Government and CISDI in strengthening primary healthcare services for at-risk communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the PUSPA program. Content: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities of national healthcare systems, necessitating a shift from curative hospital treatments to preventive measures. West Java’s Governor, Ridwan Kamil, emphasized this need, leading to the allocation of IDR 80 billion towards the PUSPA program. This initiative, in partnership with CISDI, redirected resources from hospitals to community-based health centers (puskesmas), enhancing their capabilities in testing, tracing, and responding to COVID-19. Despite funding limitations, this strategic alliance exemplified the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in crisis management. The PUSPA program demonstrated that collaboration involving multiple parties can yield optimal intervention results, effectively addressing pandemic challenges and positively impacting public health.
Understanding HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Salatiga City, Central Java: 2021-2023 Epidemiological Report A'yun Hafisyah Wafi; Yulietta Avianty; Wahyu Hudoyoko; Bayu Satria Wiratama
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS cases in Salatiga City, Central Java. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from HIV/AIDS Information System (SIHA) of Salatiga from 2021-2023. Data were analyze descriptively according to risk factors and characteristics. Populations at-risk are FSWs (Female Sex Workers), MSM (Male Sex Male), transgenders, STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) patients, Intravenous Drug Users, pregnant woman, TB patients and prison inmates. Results: During 2021-2023, 294 new HIV/AIDS cases were found in Salatiga City. Screening was conducted regularly to this at-risk-populations with the results of the positivity rate as follows: 0.06% among pregnant women; 3.5% among TB patients; 0.9% among FSWs; 3% among MSM; 0.5% among IDUs; and 0% among other groups. During this period, HIV/AIDS transmission was most prevalent among MSM (69%), followed by TB patients (17%) and FSWs (9%). From all of HIV/AIDS in 2021-2023, the the transmission was more prevalent among men (77%). Based on age group, early to late adulthood with age range of 26-45 years had the highest proportion (48%), followed by aged ≥46 years (29%). The percentage of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who initiated ART in 2021 was only 66%, in 2022 was 90%, and in 2023 was 98%. However, by December 2023, based on the cascade, there were only 276 PLWHA (15% of the estimated) were on ART. Most of HIV/AIDS cases were diagnosed at Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital (43%) and Salatiga General Hospital (26%). Conclusions: This study highlights the trends and gaps in epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Salatiga with high prevalence among MSM, TB patients and adults aged 26-45. Despite improvements in ART initiation from 2021 to 2023, continous treatment of PLWHA remains a challenge. Targeted interventions, expanded screening, and enhanced health facility capacities are crucial to adress this problem.
The Importance of Local Communities in Addressing the Healthcare Human Resources Crisis in Remote Areas Rahmadhani, Alda Adiestya; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: This study aims to address the crisis of healthcare human resources in remote areas of Indonesia by exploring the potential of utilizing local communities to mitigate these challenges. The primary objective is to propose strategic measures to enhance the distribution and sustainability of healthcare professionals in these underserved regions. Method: The research reviewing existing policies, healthcare workforce distribution data, and the organizational structure of primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas) in remote areas. The analysis focuses on the integration of Mintzberg's organizational theory, emphasizing the importance of the Operating Core, which comprises healthcare providers directly involved in patient care. Data were collected through literature reviews and policy analysis. Results: The findings reveal significant disparities in the distribution of healthcare workers between urban and remote areas. Factors contributing to this imbalance include a lack of interest in working in remote locations, insufficient continuous professional development, and inadequate welfare support for healthcare workers in these regions. The study identifies the necessity of updating local government policies, specifically the remote area service decrees (SK Keterpencilan), to better reflect the current needs and conditions. Moreover, integrating local community members into the healthcare workforce is suggested as a sustainable solution. This includes recruiting local individuals through existing government programs like Nusantara Sehat, providing tailored educational programs, and enhancing supportive facilities and incentives for healthcare workers. Conclusion: To address the healthcare HR crisis in remote areas, it is crucial to revise existing policies, promote the involvement of local communities, and ensure adequate support and training for healthcare professionals. Implementing these strategies can improve the sustainability and efficiency of healthcare services in remote areas, ultimately enhancing health outcomes for these underserved populations.
Elevating Safety and Self-Value: Enhancing Professional Development to Reduce Heavy Vehicle Incidents in the Mining Industry Vena Jaladara; Sukmawan, Rezkiyantra Fajar; Hadi, Muhammad Septian; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: The mining industry continues to face a significant challenge with the high incidence of accidents involving heavy vehicle operators. Despite advancements in safety technologies and regulations, the frequency of these incidents remains alarmingly high. This perspective aims to explore the underlying reasons for this persistent issue, particularly focusing on the demanding nature of the mining environment and proposes possible solutions to overcome this issue. Content: Professional development is pivotal for enhancing morale and self-value among employees, crucial not only for reducing accidents but also for fostering a culture of safety and operational excellence in mining. Investing in growth enhances individual capabilities and cultivates a supportive work environment. Leadership development is key in nurturing safety champions, equipping supervisors and managers to promote safety, foster accountability, and inspire teams effectively. Mentorship initiatives facilitate knowledge transfer, fostering a supportive environment that enhances morale, job satisfaction, and safety commitment. Integrating workers' self-value into professional development through targeted training, competency assessments, and recognition programs empowers workers to own their safety and contribute positively to the culture. Access to professional development allows employees to shape their careers, enhancing job satisfaction and safety commitment. By prioritizing leadership and self-value alongside technical training, organizations can create a safer, more resilient workforce.
A Time Bomb of Child Health Hazards in Coastal Areas: Where is the Role of Puskesmas? (Case Study of Kampung Nelayan Seberang Medan Belawan) Annisa Zahara
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: Water pollution by heavy metals, notably lead, in Belawan waters, particularly in Kampung Nelayan Seberang, Medan Belawan, has reached critical levels. Research indicates leads levels at 0.270 mg/L, far exceeding the safe limits of 0.005 mg/L for lead. Consumption of contaminated fish can impede nutrient absorption in children, potentially leading to stunting. In 2022, Medan Belawan accounted for 26% of stunting cases in Medan City. Evaluating the Puskesmas Medan Belawan performance through Mintzberg’s organizational theory reveals suboptimal functioning in addressing these health impacts. Methods: This study utilized a case study approach to evaluate the role of Puskesmas Medan Belawan in mitigating the health impacts of heavy metal pollution. The evaluation of Puskesmas’s organizational function was based on Mintzberg’s five main function. Results: Analysis revealed the lead and cadmium concentrations in water and fish surpassed safe limits. The operating core function, executed by sanitarians, is confined to managing health center waste, neglecting heavy metal contamination. The technostructure function, responsible for monitoring and evaluating seawater quality standards, has also proven ineffective. The nutrition program remains passive, inadequately addressing the needs of Kampung Nelayan Seberang. According to Mintzberg's theory, the non-optimal performance of Puskesmas Medan Belawan in addressing this issue is evident from the ineffective operating core and technostructure functions. Enhancing effectiveness requires innovative, proactive environmental health and nutrition programs. Environmental health officers should routinely investigate the heavy metal content in water and fish consumed by Kampung Nelayan Seberang residents. Nutrition officers should provide regular iron supplements to children and pregnant women, considering that iron-deficient children absorb significantly more lead. Conclusion: Strengthening the core functions of operations, technological structure, and support staff at Puskesmas Medan Belawan is essential. Without these measures, ongoing heavy metal exposure poses severe long-term health risks for the community.
Investigation of a Foodborne Outbreak at a Breaking Fast Event in Gunung Gempal Village, Kulon Progo, 2024 Askhori, Samsul; Damayanti, Siska Yulia; Padmiyati, Eny; Indriani, Citra; Rahayujati, Theodola Baning
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: This investigation aimed to confirm the existence of a foodborne outbreak, identify the causative agent, and determine contributing factors to formulate control recommendations. Methods: The investigation followed WHO guidelines for foodborne outbreak investigation. A case was defined as experiencing one or more symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, and fever after consuming a meal box at a breaking fast event on March 30, 2024. Data were collected using Google Forms sent via WhatsApp and through direct interviews with the community. An environmental investigation was conducted by observing the catering service. Results: A total of 114 cases (attack rate = 45.6%) were identified, with primary symptoms being diarrhea (42.8%), abdominal pain (26.8%), weakness (22%), dizziness (10.8%), and nausea (9.6%). The epidemic curve indicated a typical source pattern. Most cases were female (64%) and aged 19-59 (51.7%). The average incubation period was 9.5 hours (1-17 hours). Grilled chicken had the highest attack ratio of 2.7. Interviews revealed that 41% of cases reported the grilled chicken had an unpleasant odor, 25% reported an unusual taste, and 12% reported a mushy texture. Based on the incubation period, symptoms, and implicated food, Staphylococcus aureus was suspected as the causative agent. The processing of grilled chicken took 34 hours until consumption. Risk factors were inadequate food handling, high-temperature storage, long preparation time, and poor sanitation. No food, vomit, or stool samples were available for laboratory testing. Conclusion: A foodborne outbreak occurred following a breaking-fast event in Gunung Gempal Village. Consuming grilled chicken was a contributing factor. Training on food safety for catering services is recommended.
Examining the Impact of Rainfall Patterns on Leptospirosis Cases in Bantul District, Indonesia: A Four-Year Ecology Study 2020-2023 Saadatar Rohmah, Nilna; Samsu Aryanto; Bayu Satria Wiratama
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: This study aimed to explore the correlation between rainfall patterns and the incidence of human leptospirosis in Bantul District, Indonesia. Method: The study utilized an ecological design analyzing leptospirosis cases in Bantul District from 2020 to 2023, sourced from the Health Department of Bantul District and Rainfall Trends data from the online central database of the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), especially in Station Climatology DI Yogyakarta. Results: The study identified a total of 489 cases from 2020-2023, with 80 cases of leptospirosis in 2020, 53 cases in 2021, 167 cases in 2022, and 269 cases in 2023 disaggregated towards male (86,91%), than female (13,09%). The majority of leptospirosis patients in Bantul District were middle-aged, with many of them recovering after treatment in various healthcare facilities in the area, although there have been some recorded 43 cases of death. The linear regression analysis revealed a coefficient of 1.3604 (95% CI: 0.758512, 2.962288) and a p-value of less than 0.001 for the rainfall variable, indicating a significant positive association between rainfall and leptospirosis cases, with a minimum rainfall value of -21.833, a maximum of 25.967 and a median of 0.063. The multiple R-squared value is 0.3265, indicating that approximately 32.65% of the variability in the number of leptospirosis cases can be explained by the variability in rainfall. Conclusion: The study provides additional evidence supporting the influence of rainfall on the occurrence of leptospirosis in Bantul District, Indonesia. The results emphasize the importance of monitoring rainfall patterns as a potential predictive factor for leptospirosis cases in tropical regions like the Bantul District. Efforts to prevent and control leptospirosis in the area should consider environmental factors such as rainfall. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the study’s limitations, including the broad geographical coverage of BMKG data.

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