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INDONESIA
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Applied Machine Learning for Early Diabetes Detection Based on Symptoms Intansari; Tris Eryando; Miftakul Fira Maulidia; Edi Utomo Putro
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purpose: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produce. Diabetes is often referred to as a silent killer because this disease can affect all organs of the body and cause various symptoms. About 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, the majority living in low-and middle-income countries, and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Early diabetes detection is essential to prevent serious complications in patients based on symptoms. Method: This study present a prediction using various Machine Learning (ML) algorithm based on age, gender and symptoms as predictor such as polyuria, feeling thirsty, easy itching, losing weight unintentionally, blurred vision, irritability and feeling tired. We have used such a dataset of 520 patients, which has been collected using direct questionnaires from the patients of Sylhet Diabetes Hospital, Bangladesh. Results: This study compared several machine learning algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), K-Nearest Neighbour, and Random Forest to develop diabetes prediction model. Several parameter, including classification accuracy (CA), F1 score, precision, and recall were used to evaluate the models. CART algorithm showed better parameter values, with CA 97,1%, recall 0.953, precision 0.932, and F1 score 0.901. Conclusion: The use of machine learning models for early detection of diabetes with an accuracy rate of 97,1%. ML offers the ability to develop a quick prediction model for diabetes screening based on symptoms. We hope that with this study can contribute to the wider community by decrease the incidence of diabetes through recognizing suspicious symptoms. To prevent diabetes the future this machine learning model can be developed into a mobile application that the public can widely access.
The Role of Social Capital in Household Waste Management: A Case Study in Blunyahrejo Village Zilfani Fuadiyah Haq
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purpose: This study analyzes household waste management behavior using the social capital theory approach. Methods: Field observations and surveys were conducted on 102 residents in Blunyahrejo Village using a questionnaire modified from various sources, and the data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The study shows that respondents with higher social networks and trust tend to manage waste better. Social networks in respondents' environments, such as activities with neighbors and meetings, facilitate information exchange about waste management. Peer-group effects in these meetings encourage residents to adopt pro-environment behaviors. High social trust also eases cooperation and unites the community. The study also finds that men and people with higher education tend to manage waste better and have higher social networks and trust. A concrete example of social networks in the study area is the waste management activities by farmer groups, demonstrating how social networks are leveraged to mobilize community cooperation. In this context, leaders or key persons play a crucial role in motivating, setting examples, and maintaining the strength of social networks. However, the study also notes a decline in participation in collective waste management activities, such as the neighborhood waste bank, post-COVID-19 pandemic. This indicates the importance of leaders in re-motivating the community and utilizing existing social capital for new initiatives. Conclusion: Effective waste management can be achieved by involving the local community in community-based waste management programs. Local leaders have a significant role in policy-making, determining the initial steps of community movements, and building and maintaining community spirit. Universities can collaborate with local governments to provide environmental education targeting less-educated communities. Local governments can facilitate the formation of social networks and trust within the community. Empowering women through community or female activist initiatives can increase awareness and participation of women in waste management issues.
Reforming the Teaching Hospital’s Organization to Produce More High-Performing Clinical Teachers Bismantara, Haryo
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purpose: To provide perspectives on the clinical teachers’ current situation in the Indonesian teaching hospital, and the needed organizational changes to improve their performances. Content: Clinical teacher is one of the essential customers of teaching hospital in Indonesia. High-performing clinical teachers are required in advancing students’ clinical competence, building supportive learning environment, and driving innovation. The Ministry of Health (MoH) Regulation No. 31/2022 provides several details on clinical teacher management, including the recruitment, registration, tasks, and supervision. However, the details on how the teaching hospital should be shaped to support them is still absent. Currently, several teaching hospital organizations might be counterproductive in achieving high-performing clinical teachers due to several conditions, such as limited high-level leadership support, insufficient technostructure, overemphasis on administrative tasks, insufficient reward system, poor communication, and limited professional development opportunities. Hence, the future policy should consider adding an organizational standard as a mandatory certification criterion for all teaching hospitals. The standards should include: (1) The inclusion of academics in the board of directors (strategic apex), which is a common practice in MoH-owned teaching hospitals, but not in the province/district-owned teaching hospitals; (2) The establishment of a program manager, covering both clinical rotation and residency programs (middle-line), who is a full-time professional with expertise in communication and network coordination under the direct/command line to the board of directors; (3) Strengthening both the Education and Research Coordination Committee (technostructure) with full-time clinical staffs who are paid full-time to lead the committees. Recruiting the retired clinical staff should be the best practice, since the position requires a wise and well-respected person; (4) Improving the support staff with experts in managing clinical teacher’s administrative needs and searching for CPD and research grant opportunities.
North Perth Community Sport Hub: An initiative to Improve Health and Well-being in Scotland Saroh, Siti Mei
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purpose: This initiative strives to provide children with access to high-quality community sport, fostering lifelong enjoyment and appreciation for the inherent value of physical activity. Content: The program delivers a diverse range of sporting and physical activity opportunities within local communities. Notably, it emphasizes inclusivity and accessibility, aiming to overcome barriers to participation such as transportation costs, confidence levels, prior experience, fitness levels, age, gender, childcare needs, and health concerns. Furthermore, the initiative incorporates healthy cooking lessons, creating a holistic approach to family well-being. The impact of this program are increased family participation, and facilitated a more cohesive approach to collaboration among partner organizations with shared objectives The challenges are complexities in project management and evaluation due to many external collaboratin, uneven resource distribution among participating sports clubs, and limitations associated with unfamiliar venues. Conclusion: Moving forward, the initiative seeks to incorporate stronger sports clubs and explore the potential for transitioning leadership to a parent-led community group. This approach aims to ensure the program's long-term sustainability and enhance its ability to effectively address the specific needs of diverse communities within North Perth.
The Forgotten Step in Hand Hygiene: a look at hand drying practices in the VFSM survey Lustriane, Cita; Fanaike, Ruki; Khairunnissa, Dewintha Syandi; Ramadona, Aditya Lia
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purspose: Handwashing is a cornerstone defense against the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigates the level of knowledge regarding proper handwashing techniques, specifically among participants in the Village Food Safety Movement (VFSM) Program. Method: We conducted a Pre-Post Test Intervention survey across selected villages participating in the VFSM program within all 34 Indonesian provinces. The survey assessed knowledge of proper handwashing techniques and availability of adequate handwashing facilities. Results: The survey revealed a low percentage of correct responses regarding both proper handwashing techniques and the adequacy of handwashing facilities. Even after the intervention, the percentage of correct responses remained below 25%. This highlights a critical knowledge gap: proper handwashing includes thorough drying after washing hands. Conclusion: This study reveals a concerning lack of understanding about the complete handwashing process, potentially hindering efforts to prevent disease transmission and AMR in Indonesia. Future research should prioritize interventions that specifically address hand drying practices in addition to washing techniques. Policymakers and healthcare professionals should integrate hand drying education into their AMR control strategies.
Relationship Between Sociodemographic Factors and Health Literacy Levels in Sleman Regency Faadhilah, Muflih
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and health literacy levels in Sleman Regency. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Sleman. Data collection was based on the HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression analysis with a significance level 0.05. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that age (p-value 0.000), education (p-value 0.000), and occupation (p-value 0.000) were significantly related to health literacy levels. However, gender (p-value 0.829) and residential location (p-value 0.516) were not significantly related to health literacy levels. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors related to health literacy levels include age, education, and occupation.
Beyond Professional Boundaries: Managerial Leadership in Health Organizations Beyond the Medical Professio Naufal, Ahmad
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the traditional dominance of the medical profession in health organization management and highlight the need for a paradigm shift towards assessing leaders based on strong managerial competencies, independent of their professional background. Methods: Significant changes in the health sector, such as the enactment of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, mark a progressive step towards diversifying leadership in health organizations. A key aspect of this change is the reduction of the traditional dominance of the medical profession in managerial roles. There is a global trend indicating a decline in the dominance of the medical profession and an increase in the authority of other health professions such as nurses, pharmacists, and other health practitioners in clinical management and decision-making. This shift has led to the emergence of more specific disciplines such as health economics, health policy and management, and hospital management. This situation has resulted in doctors no longer occupying a dominant position in all aspects of healthcare. Results: Previous research indicates that leadership performance is not solely dependent on a medical background but on strong managerial competencies. Although it cannot be conclusively stated whether the best leaders come from medical or non-medical backgrounds, it is believed that doctors with additional managerial education can lead organizations better. Therefore, the selection of health organization leaders should focus on managerial skills rather than being confined to the medical profession. Conclusion: Health organizations that are reluctant to adapt to this change risk falling behind. According to Ecological Theory, only organizations that can adapt to environmental changes will survive and thrive, following the principle of "survival of the fittest." Thus, selecting leaders based on managerial competencies is crucial for the future of better healthcare services in Indonesia.
Implementation of Culamega Health Center Head Regulation No: KP.11/KEP.097/PKM.CLMG/I/2023 on No-Smoking Areas (KTR) Buhori, Raja Muhammad Rafian
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: To protect employees and visitors from the hazards of cigarette smoke in the Culamega Health Center environment. Methods: The No-Smoking Area (KTR) is a designated area where smoking or tobacco-related activities are prohibited. The establishment of KTR aims to uphold the right to public health and provide a clean environment and healthy air, thereby ensuring that employees and visitors feel protected by this regulation. The Culamega Health Center has enacted Regulation No: KP.11/KEP.097/PKM.CLMG/I/2023 concerning KTR. This policy aims to protect employees and visitors from the harmful effects of smoking and to ensure clean air rights for them. However, the implementation of the KTR policy at the Culamega Health Center has not been fully effective. This is evidenced by the continued smoking by some employees and visitors within the health center premises, despite existing no-smoking signs and media. The low compliance with this regulation may be due to inadequate socialization and enforcement of the rules. Results: To optimize the implementation of the KTR policy at the Culamega Health Center, efforts such as education on the dangers of smoking and the benefits of not smoking, the formation of monitoring teams to oversee violations, and the imposition of sanctions according to the regulations are necessary. Consistent and strict rule enforcement is expected to create a deterrent effect for violators and encourage compliance among all health center employees and visitors. Additionally, budget support for health promotion activities will play a significant role in the successful implementation of KTR at the Culamega Health Center. Conclusion: With consistent and stringent enforcement, it is hoped that compliance with the KTR policy will improve, thereby ensuring a healthier environment for all employees and visitors at the Culamega Health Center.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Tuberculosis Cases From Rural Areas in Yogyakarta Purwanti, Sri; Nugroho, Andri Setyo Dwi; Maula, Ahmad Watsiq
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health challenge. In 2023, the number of TB cases in Yogyakarta reached 6079 cases, of which 1,166 (19.2%) were in rural areas. Being in rural areas is often a risk factor for TB incidence due to several aspects. An initial step to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of TB patients in Yogyakarta is important to analyze the situation in control efforts. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study using secondary data based on SITB (Tuberculosis Information System) of the Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office. Data were collected from January to December 2023. The classification of rural areas is based on the classification of data from the Central Statistic Agency (BPS). Results: Based on the analysis conducted, it is known that the majority of 665 (57%) TB patients in rural areas are male, 26 (2.23%), 300 people (29%) are not working, 535 (45.8%) from Gunung Kidul, 703 (60.29%) seek treatment at the hospital, 450 (38.6%) at the health center, and others at clinics / independent practitioners. A total of 1038 (89.02%) were diagnosed with Pulmonary TB and 128 (10.98%) were diagnosed with Extra Pulmonary TB, 752 (64.49%) were clinically confirmed and 414 (35.51%) were bacteriologically confirmed, 717 (61.49%) TB patients in rural areas did not know their Diabetes, 973 (83.45) did not know their HIV status and 26 (2.23%) had not received standards TB treatment. Conclusion: The problem of Tuberculosis in rural areas still needs attention considering the high economic burden due to the inability of TB patients to work, as well as the low proportion of Diabetes and HIV testing as a leading collaborative program in TB control.
Biosmart and safe bus : new approach implementing epidemiologic triangle to reduce pathogen transmission on public transportation Mentari, Alfitra Akbar Bara Mentari; Antari, Arlita Leniseptaria; Saraswati, Indah; Firmanti, Stefani Candra; Subagio, Agus; Prasetyo, Awal; Taufiq, Heydar Ruffa; Rowi, Khasan; Gufron, Ahmad
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Background: Indirect pathogen transmission is one of the factors that cause the transmission of infectious problems from human to human. Surface cabine bus is one of the places that probably can be an intermediary of indirect pathogen transmission. Biosmart and Safe Bus is the concept of implementing an epidemiologic triangle, one of the innovations in Biosmart and Safe Bus is implementing silver nanoparticles as a coating in the cabine to decrease the bacterial load on the surface. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of coating silver nanoparticles in decreasing the bacterial surface load on the Biosmart and Safe Bus concept. Methods: This research used a post-test-only design with a control group. The sampling technique in this research is using surface swab sampling with a total of 18 samples in each Biosmart and Safe Bus and conventional bus that turn to Jakarta and Batu from Semarang. The data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and pairwise comparison Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between bacterial surface load on Biosmart and Safe Bus and conventional bus (p = 0.015). Along with it, the implementation of coating silver nanoparticles has a considerable effect (cohen effect size = 1.0324) in decreasing the bacterial surface load on the cabin of Biosmart and Safe Bus. The use of silver nanoparticles as a coating on the surface of Biosmart and Safe Bus is effective in being a surface antibacterial agent. This is in line with another research conducted in the United Kingdom with the result that the use of Ag antimicrobial BioCote as coating can reduce 95% surface bacteria. Conclusion: This research proved that coating silver nanoparticles is effective in decreasing the bacterial surface load on Biosmart and Safe Bus compared to a conventional bus.

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