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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Analysis of the Implementation of Active Fire Protection Systems in Disaster Mitigation at Regional General Hospital (RSUD) X Fadhli, Muhammad
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the implementation of active fire protection systems at Regional General Hospital (RSUD) X. It focuses on the effectiveness of active protection systems, the factors influencing their implementation, and the challenges faced during implementation. Methods: This research employs a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design to describe, explain, and summarize various conditions, situations, and phenomena. Respondents included the head of the Hospital Facilities Maintenance Installation (IPSRS). Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively. Results: Based on interviews and observations, the implementation rates of various fire protection measures were as follows: fire extinguishers (APAR) at 89.4%, sprinklers at 66.6%, hydrants at 63.6%, and fire alarms at 100%. Issues identified include broken and unreplaced sprinklers, inadequate spacing between sprinklers, hydrant boxes lacking equipment due to theft, and insufficient numbers of fire extinguishers. Conclusion: The active fire protection system at RSUD X faces several issues, such as broken and improperly spaced sprinklers and hydrant boxes, and missing equipment due to theft. There is also a shortage of fire extinguishers (APAR). Strategies to address these issues include identifying existing problems, prioritizing replacements in high-risk or critical areas such as public areas and easily flammable zones, and regularly maintaining and inspecting equipment according to a set schedule.
Gender Differences in Dengue Fever Incidence in Semarang City: Data Analysis from 2019-2021 Fedhilla, Fiona Syahri; Ariska, Moudy Bella
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: Dengue virus infection is a major health issue in tropical countries, commonly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It can cause asymptomatic or symptomatic infections, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. This study aims to describe the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by gender in Semarang City, using data from 2019 to 2021. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using secondary data obtained from the Semarang City Health Department and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Results: The study revealed significant fluctuations in DHF incidence in Semarang City over the study period. There was an increase in cases each year, peaking in 2021. Despite this, the mortality rate from DHF remained relatively low and fluctuated over the years. Risk factors influencing DHF incidence included gender, with higher incidence rates observed in males compared to females. Activity patterns and environmental exposure were critical factors affecting gender DHF transmission risk. Preventive behaviors also played a significant role, where public education on effective preventive measures could help reduce transmission risk. Conclusion: This study indicates that the fluctuating incidence of DHF in Semarang City requires more effective and targeted preventive measures. Strengthening prevention programs, vector control, and public education are essential to reducing the burden of this disease. Further research is needed to understand the factors influencing the fluctuation in DHF cases between males and females to formulate more effective and focused prevention strategies. Thus, it is hoped that the negative impact of DHF on the Semarang community can be reduced, improving their well-being and quality of life.
Optimization Design of Honorarium for Posyandu Cadres in Gunungkidul Regency Wafumilena, Erny Riana; Nurhasanah, Fauziah; Awuni, Nur Syamsiah; Hafizah, Nurul
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: The highest prevalence of stunting in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, according to SKI 2023, is found in Gunungkidul Regency, with a rate of 22.2%. According to BPS data, poverty is a significant contributing factor, with the poverty rate in Gunungkidul reaching 17.69% in 2022. This situation demands urgent attention from the Gunungkidul government, particularly in achieving the national target of reducing stunting rates amid high poverty levels. Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) cadres, as extensions of Puskesmas (Community Health Centers), play a critical role in this effort, making their welfare essential. The lack of specific guidelines on honorarium challenges maintaining and motivating Posyandu cadres. Current policies are not detailed or specific regarding the honorarium for Posyandu cadres, and the amounts vary across different villages due to the absence of a standardized policy from the Gunungkidul government. Methods: This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design and secondary data analysis. Data were collected from national surveys conducted in March 2023. Statistical analysis included frequency distribution, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to identify relationships between variables. Results: Health insurance ownership was not significantly associated with increased utilization of outpatient health services compared to those without insurance (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93-1.1). However, insurance ownership was linked to a lower likelihood of catastrophic health expenditures at all thresholds: 10% of total expenditure (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.82), 25% of total expenditure (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.37-0.59), and 40% of non-food household expenditure (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44-0.68). Other variables influencing catastrophic health expenditures included age, education, occupation, economic level, health complaints, and activity limitations. Conclusion: Establishing a standardized honorarium policy for Posyandu cadres in Gunungkidul Regency can improve performance and service delivery by Posyandu cadres in each village. This initiative is expected to significantly contribute to achieving regional health program targets and addressing stunting.
Optimization of Health Risk Assessment Through the Similar Exposure Group (SEG) Approach in Mining Occupational Health Management Amrulloh, Muhammad Osaegi Restu; Agus, Mohammad Aulia Arif; Humam, Muhamad Sayyid; Aris, Trio
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: The Similar Exposure Group (SEG) approach has become an important strategy in optimizing Health Risk Assessment (HRA) in mining work environments. With a focus on managing employee health risks, this research identifies appropriate SEGs in the context of application to mining work environments, carefully evaluates exposures and assesses health risks in detail. Content: Through desk study, literature analysis, and field observations, the SEG approach was scrutinized to improve its understanding and practical application in HRA. This study aims to determine the extent to which the integration of SEG in the HRA process can improve the effectiveness of health risk management in the work environment of PT Putra Perkasa Abadi. The comprehensive application of SEG was shown to help identify and manage health risks more efficiently, providing a solid foundation for designing more effective prevention strategies. The conclusion of this study highlights the importance of the SEG approach in HRA as a step towards a better understanding of managing the work environment at PT Putra Perkasa Abadi in improving employee health risk prevention efforts.
Policy Model Structure in Anthrax Prevention: A One-Health Approach at the Cross-Border Regional Level Handika, Denis Oxy; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: The results of the investigation of anthrax outbreaks in the provinces of Yogyakarta and East Java over the past five years indicate an epidemiological link. The high trade of livestock and meat products between regions is one of the risk factors. Therefore, it is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the ecological dynamics and pandemic potential of zoonotic diseases, along with cross-regional program coordination to respond to emergency situations, maintain public health, and minimize the negative impacts on a broader scale. Method: A logical framework model was utilized in the context of anthrax prevention and control initiatives. Significance was placed on formulating strategies that prioritize the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of the program, aligning with its specific objectives. Results: The commitment of the Cross-Regional Anthrax Control Team, which involves elements of the Regional Government, Health Office, Agriculture and Livestock Service Office, Public Health Laboratory Center, Veterinary Center, research and development centers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and beneficiary communities, is an important element in ensuring the sustainability of the program. The implementation of the One-Health-based program, training for farmers and animal traders to recognize signs of anthrax, as well as routine animal health checks, are efficient steps in the program process to strengthen the surveillance system that supports the early warning system, and improve the capacity of farmers and animal traders to detect anthrax symptoms and report them to the authorities. Thus, the program objectives in anthrax control can be effectively achieved, to reduce the number of anthrax cases, prevent its spread, reduce economic losses, and increase public confidence in food safety. Conclusion: The implementation of this concept will enable the establishment of a cross-regional One-Health-based anthrax control program that is sustainable, efficient, and effective in addressing anthrax in the provinces of Yogyakarta and East Java.
Comprehensive Reproductive Health Education in Efforts to Prevent Sexual Violence Eko Prabowo, Kukuh; Maria Sinaga, Riance; Yunia Wulandari, Shinta; Asmanovia, Rezi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: From 2018 to 2023, the number of reported violence cases against children in the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection's information system has increased from 11,401 cases in 2018 to 15,790 cases in 2023. Sexual violence is the most dominant form of violence experienced by children, ranging from 27.79% in 2020 to 60.37% in 2021 of total child violence cases. The most vulnerable age group is 13-17 years, with over 59% of victims in this age range each year. These increasing figures indicate that sexual violence prevention efforts are still not optimal. Despite the government's issuance of Permenag No. 73 of 2022 on the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Educational Units in the Ministry of Religion and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation No. 46 of 2023 on the Prevention and Handling of Violence in Educational Environments, prevention remains inadequate. This paper aims to promote the implementation of comprehensive reproductive health education in schools. Content: School-based reproductive health education programs have proven crucial in enhancing information on sexual reproductive health and reducing risky sexual behaviors. These interventions not only improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to sexual health but also reduce the spread of misinformation from peers. Developing reproductive health education programs in schools should refer to existing guidelines and consider community backgrounds. Comprehensive reproductive health education is effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to healthy relationships and preventing sexual violence against children. Additionally, this program enhances communication skills, literacy, and social-emotional learning. Therefore, it is essential for schools to adopt and integrate reproductive health education into their curriculum.
Relationship between Personal hygiene and Environmental Sanitation to the Presence of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Food Azzahra, Erica Ardhana Fathimah; Novianti, Vivi; Al-Irsyad, Muhammad
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: Food safety is one of the major public health issues, especially in developing countries. Processed food that is widely distributed and consumed by communities may contribute significantly to people's dietary intake and public health risks. In this study, hygiene-sanitation practices at food stalls in Area Terusan Ambarawa Malang City were evaluated. This study aimed to identify Escherichia coli bacteria in 11 food stalls and assess the relationship of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene of food handlers to the presence of E.coli. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross sectional approach, data collection using a checklist observation questionnaire sheet and laboratory tests to determine the number of E.coli bacteria. Results: based on laboratory tests, 10 (90.1%) of 11 food samples exceeded the E.coli quality standard according to the requirements of the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation 2023, the results of chi-square analysis of the relationship between environmental sanitation (p=0.012) and the relationship between personal hygiene (p=0.012), both variables have a significant relationship to the presence of E.coli. Conclusion: There is a relationship between personal hygiene and environmental sanitation to Escherichia coli contamination in food sold on Area Terusan Ambarawa Malang City.
Performance Evaluation of EWARS (Early Awareness and Response System) for Leptospirosis Cases in Kebumen District Health Office in 2023 Tumiat; Mukhibin, Akhmad; Maula, Ahmad Watsiq
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: To evaluate the performance of the early warning and response system (EWARS) in the Kebumen District Health Office in 2023 in general and specifically for early detection of leptospirosis cases. Method: This study was a descriptive evaluation study using secondary data from EWARS platform. The data was retrieved from the website web.skdr.surveilans.org. Results: The timeliness of EWARS reporting at community health centers and hospitals levels in 2023 were 95.42% and 96.23%, respectively. The completeness of EWARS reports at community health centers and hospitals levels in 2023 were 98.11%, respectively. A total of 314 alerts were reported by community health centers, while 413 alerts reported from hospitals during 2023. The most frequently reported alert from hospitals was leptospirosis. In the EWARS, 66 cases of leptospirosis were reported at week 11. Alerts from hospital reports from week 1 to week 11 have an increasing trend. An alert from the health center report appeared in the 9th week. The response that has been made is improving a health awareness on a leptospirosis around the affected community health centers and hospitals in the Kebumen area. In term of verification, 93.46% of the alerts reported by hospitals were verified within 24 hours. Conclusion: The timeliness and completeness of EWARS reporting in Kebumen District have surpassed the national targets of 80% and 90%, respectively. In the case of leptospirosis, community health centers need to increase early detection of symptoms and risk factors for leptospirosis.
The Relationship of Optimistic Bias with Hygiene and Sanitation Attitudes among Food Handlers in the Canteens of State High School in Magelang City, Indonesia Khoirunisa', Ayu; Budiningsari, Dwi; Prianto, Joko
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: This study examines the relationship between characteristics (age, education, experience, information); optimistic bias; and hygiene sanitation attitudes among food handlers in the canteens of five State High Schools in Magelang City, Indonesia. Method: This research used a quantitative method with analytical observational using the cross-sectional approach. This research involved 41 food handlers in the canteens of five State High Schools in Magelang City, Indonesia, who were selected through total sampling. The independent variable in this research was optimistic bias, while the dependent variable in this research was hygiene and sanitation attitudes. Data were collected using validated questionnaires on optimistic bias and hygiene sanitation attitudes. Optimistic bias was categorized as low optimistic bias (score >24), possible bias (score = 24), and high optimistic bias (score <24). Hygiene sanitation attitudes was categorized as positive attitudes (score ≥50%) and negative attitudes (score <50%). Statistical analysis used the Spearman correlation test. Results: All participants (100%) displayed a high optimistic bias and the vast majority (95.1%) showed a positive attitude toward hygiene and sanitation. There was a significant relationship (p = 0.043 ; r = -0.317) between age and optimistic bias. However, there was no significant relationship between characteristics, optimistic bias, and hygiene sanitation attitudes among food handlers in the canteens of State High School in Magelang City, Indonesia. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age and optimistic bias. However, there is no significant correlation between characteristics, optimistic bias, and hygiene sanitation attitudes. Therefore, other stimuli such as facility, environment, and culture are needed to improve the quality of food handler’s attitudes regardless of their optimistic bias.
Optimization of Posyandu Cadre Role and Maternal Education in the Prevention of Stunting: An Integrated Community-Based Approach Sanggelorang, Yulianty; Anggela, Jelsy; Katanga, Sefanya
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
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Purpose: This community service initiative was designed to enhance knowledge of stunting among mothers with toddlers and pregnant women as well as to train Posyandu (Integrated Health Service Post) cadres in accurate anthropometric measurements as a preventive measure against stunting. Content: The program was executed through educational and training sessions at the Wineru Village Hall, Likupang Timur District, North Minahasa Regency, on January 30, 2024. The educational session targeted mothers with toddlers and pregnant women, while the training focused on anthropometric measurement for Posyandu cadres, who hold a pivotal role in child care in Indonesia. The program was culminated in the distribution of Supplementary Food (PMT), including biscuits, milk, and snacks, to all participants. The program’s efficacy was assessed through pre- and post-tests administered to the mothers and an evaluation of the Posyandu cadres adherence to athropometric measurement procedures. Paired t-test analysis indicated a significant increase in maternal knowledge following the educational session (p< 0.05). The assessment of measurement practices demonstrated that all cadres performed anthropometric measurements in accordance with the correct protocols. These educational and training sessions was proven effective in enhancing mothers and pregnant women’s knowledge of stunting and cadre skills concerning stunting prevention, as evidenced by the significant improvements in pre- and post-test results and the cadres’ compliance with anthropometric measurement procedures. This program also successfully elevated awareness and imparted essential skills for stunting prevention within the community. Additionally, the analysis indicated that community-based interventions can significantly contribute to reducing stunting prevalence.

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