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Sciences of Pharmacy
Published by ETFLIN
ISSN : 28307046     EISSN : 28307259     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58920/sciphar
Core Subject : Health, Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Sciences of Pharmacy (SciPhar) is an international, peer-reviewed open-access journal of pharmacy. We offer a platform and place for researchers and intellectuals, especially the youth, to share their insights and works. Every year, we hold seminars/webinars under the ETFLIN Scientific Society to facilitate the exchange of information concerning pharmacist research progress. Publication on SciPhar is free of charge at any stage. Scope We are accepting articles related to drug development (preclinical and clinical drug development, drug delivery, and pharmaceutical formulation). Fundamental and clinical pharmacology (drug mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug metabolism, and pharmacogenetics). Pharmaceuticals (gene-based, cell-based, protein-based therapy, other drug modalities, routes of administration, drug classes, drug nomenclature). Drug toxicity and safety (drug-drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, mechanisms of drug toxicity, pharmacovigilance). Pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, and pharmacy.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 127 Documents
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Knowledge and Perception Related to Telepharmacy Utilization Among Pharmacist Professional Students in Central Java, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

This cross-sectional study examined the association between knowledge and perception and telepharmacy utilization among pharmacy professional students in Central Java, Indonesia. A purposive sample (n = 219) completed a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to assess associations between variables. The results showed that 75.8% of respondents had high knowledge and 96.8% had positive perceptions; however, only 36.1% reported telepharmacy utilization. A statistically significant association was found between knowledge and telepharmacy utilization (χ² = 5.62, p = 0.018, Cramer’s V = 0.16), indicating a small effect size. In contrast, perception was not significantly associated with telepharmacy utilization (p = 0.451). These findings suggest that knowledge may be related to telepharmacy utilization among students. However, due to the cross-sectional design, causal relationships cannot be established. Limitations of this study include non-probability sampling, self-reported data, and potential response bias. Further research with more robust designs is recommended.
Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Erythrina subumbrans Leaf Extract: Optimization and Antibacterial Activity
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

The high prevalence of acne and increasing antibiotic resistance necessitate the development of sustainable antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. leaf extract as a natural bioreductant and stabilizer. The primary objective was to optimize the synthesis process and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the resulting nanoparticles specifically against Propionibacterium acnes. Physicochemical and structural characterization were performed using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to confirm the formation and stability of the nanoparticles. The results successfully demonstrated the synthesis of crystalline, nanoscale AgNPs with plant-derived functional groups facilitating their stabilization. Analytical data indicated a relatively uniform particle size distribution, spherical morphology, and favorable surface characteristics, suggesting high suitability for biomedical integration. Significantly, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity against P. acnes. The underlying mechanism of action is attributed to the disruption of bacterial cell membranes, induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and subsequent interference with vital cellular functions. Utilizing E. subumbrans extract offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis, reducing the reliance on toxic reagents. These findings highlight the significant potential of plant-mediated AgNPs as innovative antimicrobial agents for dermatological applications. This research provides a robust foundation for the advancement of nanotechnology-based topical treatments. Consequently, further investigation into pharmaceutical formulation development, comprehensive safety assessments, and clinical efficacy trials is highly recommended to establish E. subumbrans-mediated silver nanoparticles as viable therapeutic solutions for managing acne and other skin-related infections in the future.
Genetic Polymorphism of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) among Patients with Tuberculosis: A Scoping Review of the Indonesian Studies
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

The distribution of N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) genetic polymorphisms varies across ethnic groups among Indonesian TB patients. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and their association with DILI and isoniazid pharmacokinetics in Indonesian TB patients. A scoping review was conducted by searching Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR). We retrieved 668 studies from three databases and we enrolled 12 studies for final analysis. Eleven studies reported on adult TB patients and one study on pediatric TB patients. Overall, the available evidence suggests that the slow acetylator phenotype is relatively common among TB patients in Indonesia, although its distribution varies across regions and ethnic groups. The NAT2*6 polymorphism was frequently observed among TB patients with a slow acetylator phenotype. TB patients with slow acetylation exhibited higher serum concentrations of isoniazid, which were significantly associated with an increased risk of DILI. No studies reported an association between NAT2 genetic polymorphisms or acetylation status and treatment outcomes among TB patients. This review confirms substantial variation in NAT2 genetic polymorphisms across studies in Indonesia. TB patients with a slow acetylator phenotype appear to have a greater risk of developing DILI compared with those with intermediate or fast acetylator phenotypes. Information on acetylator status may identify patients at higher risk of hepatotoxicity, particularly those with the slow acetylator phenotype. Therefore, integrating NAT2 pharmacogenetics into clinical practice may predict hepatotoxicity and optimize tuberculosis therapy.
Determinants of Medication Adherence and the Impact of Proactive Home Pharmacy Services in Rural South Sulawesi
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

Hypertension poses a considerable health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in South Sulawesi, marked by elevated rates of medication non-adherence. Pharmacist-led home intervention models may serve as effective strategies for engaging disadvantaged populations, especially in regions with restricted healthcare access. This study seeks to investigate determinants influencing medication adherence in hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Mandai, Maros Regency, to inform the development of a pharmacist-led home care intervention model. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2025 with 35 participants, predominantly elderly women with limited educational attainment. Data were gathered through standardized questionnaires and analyzed descriptively and inferentially, incorporating forest plot visualization for odds ratios (OR). Research findings identified two primary drivers of adherence: belief in medication (OR=2.45) and information provided by pharmacists (OR=2.14). Current conditions reveal significant deficiencies 77.14% of patients lack sufficient information from pharmacists, and 51.42% do not comprehend the quality of medications utilized. These findings signify the necessity for shifting pharmaceutical services from reactive paradigms (awaiting patient visits) to proactive models (initiating patient engagement), exemplified by pharmacist-led home care, to address educational deficits and foster sustainable patient confidence. Augmenting pharmacist-led education and fostering patient trust in medicine are viable strategies to enhance adherence. These findings underscore the necessity for tailored interventions, such as home pharmacy care, to bridge knowledge gaps and strengthen pharmacists' roles in chronic disease management. Further research with larger samples is recommended to corroborate these trends.
Analgesic Mechanisms of Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) from Lawsonia inermis: A Comprehensive Review of Cyclooxygenase Modulation and Other Molecular Pain Targets Megawati, Selvi; Utami, Indah Woro
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), the principal naphthoquinone of Lawsonia inermis, has attracted interest as a natural anti-inflammatory/analgesic lead that may offer a safer profile than long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This structured narrative review synthesises evidence from 14 accessible and highly relevant publications (prioritising 2020 onwards) to clarify the mechanistic basis of its analgesic potential. Direct evidence from preclinical studies indicates that lawsone produces anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects comparable to reference drugs and is associated with improved hepatic and renal markers at effective doses. Mechanistically, two experimentally supported axes predominate: (i) reduced prostaglandin biosynthesis, reflected by significant lowering of serum PGE2 and consistent with COX-2 modulation, and (ii) suppression of NF-κB signalling with downstream reductions in key pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). In contrast, potential modulation of the P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7R) remains hypothetical, supported mainly by pharmacological and computational studies of structurally related 1,4-naphthoquinone analogues that bind the P2X7R allosteric pocket and inhibit ATP-driven Ca2+ influx and macropore formation. Overall, the evidence positions lawsone as a promising multi-target preclinical scaffold while highlighting the need for direct P2X7R validation, protein-level pathway confirmation, and translational studies.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Strengthen Vaccine and Drug Development Capacity in Low-resource African Settings Chandipwisa, Courage; Banda, Harrison; Chabala, Kapembwa; Zenda, Tendai Pride; Shimilimo, Agness
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

Africa’s vaccine and drug research and development capacity remains limited by infrastructural gaps, fragmented data systems, and shortages of skilled personnel, constraining timely therapeutic discovery and clinical translation in low-resource settings. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning offer potential solutions by enabling predictive modelling, accelerating compound screening, improving genomic surveillance, and supporting adaptive clinical trial design. This narrative review synthesizes studies and institutional reports published between 2015 and 2025 from major scientific databases to examine AI applications in vaccine and drug development relevant to African contexts. Thematic analysis identified key patterns related to infrastructure readiness, workforce capacity, and translational implementation, with findings validated through evidence triangulation and consensus review. Results show that AI platforms have supported infectious disease candidate identification, pandemic vaccine development, malaria drug resistance mapping, and predictive analytics for vaccine distribution. While accelerated outcomes were evident during public health emergencies, routine implementation remains constrained by resource availability. Major challenges include inadequate digital infrastructure, fragmented regulatory systems, and limited technical expertise despite ongoing capacity-building initiatives. The review proposes an integrated framework linking infrastructure, skills development, and ethical governance as critical factors for sustainable AI adoption in African biomedical research. Strengthening investment, fostering regional collaboration, and developing context-specific ethical frameworks are essential to ensure equitable access, enhance innovation capacity, and build resilient biomedical research ecosystems across Africa.
Physico-Chemical Characterisation and Determination of Luteolin Content of Pidada merah (Sonneratia Caseolaris L) Leaf Extract Syamsul, Eka Siswanto; Lestari, Dwi; Dachriyanus, Dachriyanus; Supomo, Supomo
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 5 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

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Abstract

Red pidada (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) leaves are used traditionally for skin care and other medicinal purposes. This study aimed to characterise the powdered leaf material and determine the luteolin content of the ethanolic leaf extract. Dried leaf powder was macerated with 95% ethanol. The powdered material was characterised by macroscopic and microscopic examination and by determining the water-soluble extractive value, ethanol-soluble extractive value, moisture content, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash. Metabolite profiling of the extract was performed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS). Luteolin content was estimated by TLC-densitometry using silica gel 60 F254 plates and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (2:3) as the mobile phase. Macroscopically, the leaves were oval to elongated with rounded to blunt apices, entire margins, pinnate venation, and a dark-green colour. Microscopic examination showed upper and lower epidermal tissues, stomata, and vascular bundles. The powdered leaves had a bitter taste. The water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extractive values were 11% and 16%, respectively, while the moisture content, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash were 8.8%, 8.12%, and 0.47%. HR-LCMS generated 38 tentative database matches, including luteolin. Under the assay conditions used, TLC-densitometry showed an Rf value of 0.54 for luteolin and a mean measured luteolin amount of 3.849 µg. These findings provide baseline physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical data for the standardisation of Sonneratia caseolaris L leaf extract.

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