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Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Published by Foundation of Advanced Education
ISSN : 29631459     EISSN : 29631483     DOI : 10.58524/jcss.v1i2.
Core Subject : Education, Social,
Education Social Sciences
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science is an academic journal that aims to provide education about coaching and sports science. In this journal, theory and practice in coaching will be integrated with sports science as a critical reflection of coaching practice, as well as improving sports academics and coaches to help athletes acquire skills through sports science. The vision of this journal uncovers, understands, and develops the processes involved in sports coaching and the development of sports science.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 91 Documents
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Relative age effect in volleyball: Does early birth influence elite success? Kamesh Arul Doss; Gokul Raj; Swamynathan Sanjaykumar; Shinto Vadakkumchery Poulose; Igor Grygus; Yuliya Kalmykova; Priyanka Rana
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1272

Abstract

Background: The Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to the unequal representation of athletes according to their birth timing within a selection year. This phenomenon may influence talent identification, athlete development, and access to competitive opportunities. However, limited evidence is available regarding the relationship between RAE, playing-position distribution, and tactical-technical performance among competitive university volleyball players in India. Aims: This study examined the presence of RAE and its association with playing positions and tactical-technical performance among male volleyball players competing at the national inter-university level in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: A cross-sectional observational design involved 160 male players from universities in Tamil Nadu who participated in national inter-university tournaments during the 2024–2025 season. Participants were classified into four birth quartiles: Q1 (January–March), Q2 (April–June), Q3 (July–September), and Q4 (October–December). Playing positions and performance indicators, including attack efficiency, block success, serve pressure, reception efficiency, and overall performance index, were analyzed using chi-square goodness-of-fit tests and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: A significant unequal distribution of players was observed across the birth quartiles (χ² = 10.40, p = 0.015, Cohen’s w = 0.25). Players born in Q1 represented 32.5% of the sample, whereas those born in Q4 accounted for 17.5%, with Q1 players being approximately 1.86 times more likely to be represented than Q4 players. Significant position-specific differences were identified among opposite hitters (χ² = 8.11, p = 0.04) and middle blockers (χ² = 9.02, p = 0.02). However, no significant differences were found across birth quartiles in attack efficiency, block success, serve pressure, reception efficiency, or overall performance index (p > 0.05; η² = 0.008–0.014). Conclusion: RAE remained evident in player representation and positional distribution but was not associated with tactical-technical performance. These findings suggest that birth timing may influence selection opportunities more than actual competitive ability. Talent identification should therefore use multidimensional criteria and prioritize athletes’ long-term developmental potential rather than age-related physical advantages.
Supervised progressive resistance training in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea Sufiyan Adam Abdulahi; Dessalegn Wase Mola; Ricardo Ricci Uvinha; Alemmebrat Kiflu Adane; Abdi Gudeta Taye; Tariku Temeche Mare; Md. Hamidur Rahman; Nugroho Susanto; Agam Akhmad Syaukani
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1345

Abstract

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a gynaecological condition  amongadolescents and is accompanied by depression and anxiety. Although physical activity is recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy, evidence regarding changes following supervised progressive resistance training among adolescents remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to examine changes in depression and anxiety symptoms following an 8-week supervised progressive resistance training program among adolescent girls with moderate-to-severe primary dysmenorrhea in Haramaya Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A one-group pre-test–post-test quasi-experimental design was conducted with 41 adolescent girls aged 15–20 years from public high schools. Participants completed a supervised resistance training program three times weekly for eight consecutive weeks. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) during days 1–3 of the menstrual cycle at baseline and during the first post-intervention menstrual cycle. Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk tests, paired-samples t-tests, and Cohen’s dZ for within-participant effect sizes. Result: Significant pre-to-post reductions were observed in both outcomes. Mean BDI-II scores decreased from 32.54 ± 6.86 to 10.44 ± 7.25, t(40) = 16.38, p < .001, dz = 2.56. Mean BAI scores decreased from 33.22 ± 7.16 to 11.66 ± 7.75, t(40) = 19.75, p < .001, dz = 3.08. Descriptively, most participants shifted from moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety categories at baseline to minimal symptom categories after the program. Conclusion: Participation in the 8-week supervised progressive resistance training program was associated with reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms. However, because the study did not include a control group, the findings should not be interpreted as evidence of causality. Supervised progressive resistance training may represent a promising complementary non-pharmacological approach for supporting psychological well-being among adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea.
The effects of high-intensity interval training on lower-limb strength, VO₂max, vertical jump performance, and heart rate in college athletes Japhet Ndayisenga; Lionel Nzohabonimana
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i2.1386

Abstract

Background:  High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient, evidence-based modality capable of inducing substantial simultaneous physiological adaptations across multiple fitness domains. Despite a growing global evidence base for HIIT efficacy, scientifically validated programs for athletes in sub-Saharan African contexts, particularly Burundi, remain absent from the peer-reviewed literature. Aims: This study designed, validated, and evaluated the effectiveness of a five-week HIIT program targeting lower limb strength, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), vertical jump performance, and resting heart rate (RHR) among college athletes. Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was employed with 72 college athletes (n = 72). The HIIT program comprised four specialized modules delivered in three sessions per week over five weeks. Pre- and post-test assessments used the timed wall-sit test (lower limb strength), Beep Test and Cooper's 12-minute run (VO₂max), Sargent Jump Test and vertical force plate (vertical jump), and stopwatch pulse measurement (RHR). Data normality was confirmed via the Shapiro–Wilk test; paired-samples t-tests were conducted via IBM SPSS v23. Result: Statistically significant improvements were observed for all four variables following the intervention: lower limb strength (t(71) = −10.267, p < .001; +91.10%; Cohen's d = 1.210), VO₂max (t(71) = −12.070, p < .001; +14.51%; d = 1.422), vertical jump (t(71) = −17.763, p < .001; +23.82%; d = 2.093), and resting heart rate (t(71) = 18 Conclusion: The five-week multi-component HIIT program produced highly significant, large-effect improvements across all four fitness domains in 72 university students, constituting the first large-sample, institutionally validated HIIT program in the Burundian sports science context and offering a scalable, evidence-based model for athletic physical development in resource-limited African settings.
Associations of shoulder rotational range of motion and isokinetic peak torque with shuttlecock velocity during the forehand jump smash in trained male badminton players Tülay Ceylan; Yasin Arslan; Amador García Ramos; Levent Ceylan
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1310

Abstract

Background: Shoulder joint mobility and rotational strength of the shoulder muscles are important factors in badminton performance.Aims: To determine the correlations of shoulder range of motion (ROM) and isokinetic rotational peak torque with shuttlecock velocity during the forehand jump smash in trained male badminton players. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 trained male badminton players (age= 28.4 ± 3.3 years; body mass= 83.2 ± 7.8 kg; height= 192.5 ± 4.2 cm). Isokinetic dynamometry was used to assess internal-rotation (IR) and external-rotation (ER) shoulder peak torque during concentric (IRcon and ERcon) and eccentric (IRecc and ERecc) contractions. Peak shuttlecock velocity during the forehand jump smash was recorded using a radar gun. Results: Internal and external shoulder ROM were 55.58 ± 7.10° and 104.00 ± 8.11°, respectively. ERecc, ERcon, IRecc, and IRcon peak torque values were 38.43 ± 7.63 Nm, 30.91 ± 8.22 Nm, 79.61 ± 7.05 Nm, and 49.01 ± 6.10 Nm, respectively. Mean shuttlecock velocity was 273.0 ± 3.5 km/h. In the unadjusted analysis, IRcon peak torque was positively correlated with shuttlecock velocity (r = 0.380, 95% CI [0.023, 0.651], p = 0.038). However, this association did not remain significant after Bonferroni correction for eight correlation tests (adjusted α = 0.00625; adjusted p = 0.304), and none of the examined correlations was significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: After correction for multiple comparisons, no statistically significant associations were detected between shuttlecock velocity and shoulder ROM or isokinetic rotational peak torque in the present sample. Although IRcon peak torque showed a nominal positive association with shuttlecock velocity in the unadjusted analysis, this finding did not remain significant after Bonferroni correction. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships.
Sensor-based assessment agreement and indirect effect of kinesthetic perception and BMI with planned change-of-direction performance in junior martial arts athletes Dzihan Khilmi Ayu Firdausi; Johansyah Lubis; Ramdan Pelana; Widiastuti
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1499

Abstract

Background: Planned change-of-direction (COD) performance is important in martial arts, yet field-based assessment remains vulnerable to manual timing and scoring variability. Sensor-based systems may improve measurement standardisation, but their correspondence with conventional field methods and the cross-sectional relationships among kinesthetic perception, body mass index (BMI), sprint performance, and planned COD performance require careful evaluation. Aims: This study evaluated sensor-based versus conventional measurements of planned COD performance and kinesthetic perception and estimated the cross-sectional indirect associations of kinesthetic perception and BMI with planned COD performance through 30-m sprint time. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 123 junior martial arts athletes aged 14-17 years completed the Smart Star Agility Test (SSAT), SmartPlus Autopad assessment, 30-m sprint test, Modified Martial Arts Dynamic Balance Test, and anthropometric measurements. Method association was described with Pearson correlation; the prespecified two-way mixed-effects, absolute-agreement, average-measures intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was retained as a descriptive agreement coefficient. Bland–Altman mean bias and approximate 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated in a common sensor-minus-comparator direction. Cross-sectional indirect effects were estimated with PROCESS Model 4 using 5,000 bootstrap samples. Results: SSAT and stopwatch measurements were strongly associated (r = 0.996, p < 0.001; average-measures ICC = 0.998). The SSAT-minus-stopwatch mean bias was -0.05 s, with approximate 95% LoA from -0.55 to 0.45 s. SmartPlus and manual kinesthetic scores were also strongly associated (r = 0.964, p < 0.001; average-measures ICC = 0.981); the SmartPlus-minus-manual mean bias was 0.12 points, with approximate LoA from -3.06 to 3.30 points. The bootstrap indirect association through 30-m sprint time was non-zero for kinesthetic perception (indirect effect = -0.0224; 95% BootCI [-0.0558, -0.0006]) and BMI (indirect effect = 0.0570; 95% BootCI [0.0121, 0.1191]). Conclusion: The sensor-based measures showed very high correspondence and a small average bias relative to their field comparators under the present protocol. However, no a priori acceptable LoA were defined, and the comparator methods were not criterion standards; therefore, practical interchangeability is not established. The indirect-effect results describe cross-sectional statistical associations rather than causal mediation.
Skeletal muscle mass and device-estimated resting cardiac output in special medical group students: A cross-sectional study in Russia Ivan Bocharin; Maxim Guryanov; Elena Romanova; Natalya Balashkevich; Sergey Mironov; Asylbek Eshiev; Yaroslav Kiseliv; Elena Rychagova; Alyona Zaripova
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1445

Abstract

Background: Special medical group (SMG) students at Russian universities are a heterogeneous population whose health conditions limit their participation in standard physical education. Integrated physiological characterisation remains limited, as earlier work has rarely combined body composition, hemodynamic, and autonomic data within a single protocol. Aims: The study aimed to identify the body-composition variable most strongly and independently associated with device-estimated resting cardiac output and stroke volume in SMG students, while accounting for fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, phase angle, and body mass index. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 277 students aged 18-21 were assessed using the MS FIT diagnostic complex, which combines segmental bioimpedance, pulse-wave analysis, and short-term heart rate variability. Cardiac output and stroke volume were device-derived estimates. Spearman correlations, multiple linear regression, and tertile comparisons were computed in SPSS 26.0. Result: The full five-predictor models explained 69.2% of the variance in cardiac output and 53.3% in stroke volume. Skeletal muscle mass had the largest standardized coefficient in both models (std. β=0.84 and 0.64; p<.001), and fat mass contributed independently to cardiac output (std. β=0.41; p<.001). Visceral adipose tissue and phase angle were not significant; body mass index was significant only for stroke volume. Conclusion: Among the variables examined, skeletal muscle mass showed the strongest independent association with device-estimated resting cardiac output and stroke volume, with fat mass also contributing to cardiac output. These cross-sectional associations suggest that body mass index alone may be insufficient for describing the resting hemodynamic profile. Potential effects of skeletal muscle mass on resting hemodynamics require confirmation in longitudinal and interventional studies.
Assessment of Moroccan swimming coaches’ nutritional knowledge and self-reported nutrition recommendations: A cross-sectional study Mohammed Hamdi; Naima Abda; Redouane Harrouch; Maryam Mjahdi; Abdelkhaleq Legssyer
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): In Press: Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i4.1331

Abstract

Background: Sports nutrition plays an important role in recovery, injury prevention, and athletic performance. Coaches often provide nutritional guidance that may influence athletes’ dietary practices. Aims: This study aimed to assess sports nutrition knowledge among Moroccan swimming coaches, identify their primary sources of nutrition information, and describe their self-reported nutrition recommendations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 110 Moroccan swimming coaches from five regional leagues. Data were collected using an online questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, the adapted 49-item Sports Nutrition Knowledge Instrument (49-SNKI), self-reported nutrition recommendations, and sources of nutrition information. Knowledge scores and recommendation counts were compared across gender, age, educational level, coaching experience, and nutrition training using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests. Holm adjustment was applied for multiple comparisons. Results: The overall nutrition knowledge score was 30.13 ± 10.29/49 among coaches with complete responses (n = 106), corresponding to a normalized net score of 61.5%. Knowledge varied across domains, with the highest normalized score for micronutrients (82.9%) and the lowest for hydration (52.7%). No statistically detectable differences in overall knowledge were observed by gender, educational level, nutrition training, age, or coaching experience. Most coach characteristics were also not associated with detectable differences in self-reported carbohydrate, protein, fluid, or fat recommendation counts. Nominal differences by nutrition training for carbohydrate and fluid recommendations were no longer significant after Holm adjustment. The Internet was the most frequently reported information source (61.8%), followed by club or federation documents (27.3%). Conclusion: Hydration showed the lowest normalized net score and may warrant particular attention in future continuing education. Most sociodemographic and professional characteristics were not associated with detectable differences in overall knowledge or self-reported recommendations. The predominant use of the Internet highlights the need for continuing education, particularly on hydration and critical appraisal of online information. The quality and adherence of self-reported recommendations to established sports nutrition guidelines could not be determined.
Multi-domain physical fitness profiles and machine learning classification by sport category across 13 competitive sports Sahabuddin; Syahruddin; Muhammad Ishak; Muflih Wahid Hamid; M Rachmat Kasmad
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1332

Abstract

Background: Comparative multi-sport fitness profiling using a common institutional assessment framework remains limited in Southeast Asian competitive sport. Aims: To compare multi-domain fitness profiles across 13 sports grouped into four sport categories and to evaluate machine-learning classification of sport category. Methods: This cross-sectional STROBE-reported study included 197 KONI athletes (137 males, 60 females; age 20.6 ± 5.8 years). Standardized procedures were used within applicable sport groups, although several tests were category-dependent. Athletes were grouped as Combat (n=69), Team (n=72), Individual Technical (n=37), and Precision/Shooting (n=19). Between-category analyses and Random Forest (RF) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with 5-fold out-of-fold cross-validation were performed. Results: The largest between-category effects were observed for vertical jump (η²=0.438, p<.001), the Bleep Composite/estimated VO₂max signal (η²=0.217, p<.001), and sit-up endurance (η²=0.199, p<.001). RF achieved 79.7% accuracy and macro-AUC=0.907; the three largest Gini importances in the final nine-variable model were vertical jump (0.211), Bleep Composite (0.162), and push-up endurance (0.144). Conclusion: Multi-domain fitness patterns differed across the four administrative sport categories, but age, maturation, sex composition, and category-linked test availability constrain interpretation. The classifier is exploratory and requires external validation; the findings describe already-trained athletes and do not establish prospective talent-identification validity.
Body composition and handgrip strength as predictors of maximal strength and maximum push-up and pull-up performance in resistance-trained young men Enes Beltekin; Yunus Berk; Ökkeş Dereli; Mustafa Sencer Ulema; Mehmet Serif Ökmen
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1463

Abstract

Background: Muscular strength performance is influenced by multiple physiological factors, including body composition and isometric strength. However, the extent to which these variables predict exercise-specific maximal strength and body weight-based performance in resistance-trained individuals remains unclear. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between body composition and handgrip strength and maximal strength and body weight-based performance, and to determine the predictive value of these variables in young men who regularly perform resistance training. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study included 71 resistance-trained men aged 19–25 years. Body fat percentage and muscle mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, while isometric strength was evaluated using the dominant handgrip test. Performance outcomes included maximum push-ups, maximum pull-ups, bench press one-repetition maximum (1RM), lat pulldown 1RM, and deadlift 1RM. Relationships among variables were analyzed using Spearman correlation, and predictive effects were examined through multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Handgrip strength was strongly and positively correlated with bench press, lat pulldown, and deadlift 1RM. Bench press 1RM was strongly associated with maximum push-ups, while lat pulldown 1RM was strongly associated with maximum pull-ups. Regression models explained 51.4% of the variance in maximum push-up performance, 70.2% in bench press 1RM, 79.6% in deadlift 1RM, and 57.5% in lat pulldown 1RM. Handgrip strength was a significant statistical predictor of maximum push-up, bench press, and lat pulldown 1RM performance. Higher muscle mass and lower body fat percentage were significantly associated with higher deadlift 1RM within the regression model, whereas handgrip strength was not an independent predictor of deadlift performance. The maximum pull-up regression model was not statistically significant. Individual regression coefficients, particularly those in the lat pulldown model, should be interpreted cautiously because of substantial shared variance among the predictors and possible suppression effects. Conclusion: Strength performance in resistance-trained young men is task-specific and influenced by both body composition and isometric strength. Handgrip strength should be considered a practical complementary indicator rather than a substitute for exercise-specific maximal strength assessments.
Integrating motion analysis into smart coaching to improve physical literacy and movement quality in novice athletes Rahma Dewi; Ardi Nusri; Eva Faridah; Bessy Sitorus Pane; Muhammad Reza Destya
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v5i3.1468

Abstract

Background: Markerless motion analysis can enrich coaching feedback with objective movement information, but evidence linking it to both physical literacy and functional movement outcomes in novice athletes remains limited. Aims: This study examined whether an eight-week Smart Coaching program supported by markerless motion analysis was associated with greater short-term change than conventional coaching. Methods: A nonrandomized quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control-group design involved 60 novice athletes aged 12-15 years (30 per group). Both groups trained three times weekly for eight weeks. Physical literacy was assessed with an adapted CAPL-2 composite and movement quality with the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Separate 2 × 2 mixed ANOVAs tested Time × Group effects. Results: Smart Coaching increased CAPL-2 scores from 55.03 ± 6.69 to 73.64 ± 6.51 and FMS scores from 11.37 ± 1.92 to 16.60 ± 1.54. Corresponding gains were 18.61 and 5.23 points, compared with 7.64 and 1.43 points under Conventional Coaching. Time × Group interactions were significant for physical literacy, F(1, 58) = 48.31, p < .001, partial η² = .454, and FMS, F(1, 58) = 77.20, p < .001, partial η² = .571. Between-group differences in change were 10.97 points (95% CI 7.81-14.13) and 3.80 points (95% CI 2.93-4.67), respectively. Conclusion: In this single-site nonrandomized study, Smart Coaching with markerless motion analysis was associated with larger short-term improvements in both outcomes. Randomized and longitudinal replication is warranted.

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