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Vegetalika
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23024054     EISSN : 26227452     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Vegetalika ISSN (Cetak): 2302-4054 dan ISSN (Online): 2622-7452 adalah open access jurnal yang mempublikasikan artikel-artikel ilmiah berupa gagasan dan hasil penelitian. Topik publikasi berkaitan dengan disiplin ilmu Agronomi mencakup Manajemen dan Produksi Tanaman, Hortikultura, Ekologi Tanaman, Fisiologi Tanaman, Genetika dan Pemuliaan, Teknologi Benih, Bioteknologi Tanaman, dan Biostatistika.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 487 Documents
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Exploring the Diversity of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Lines Using PCR-Based Functional STS Markers Amalia Prihaningsih; Siti Yuriyah; Joko Prasetyo; Rerenstradika Tizar Terryana; Sri Utami; Yusi Nurmalita Andarini
Vegetalika Vol 15, No 3 (2026): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.110531

Abstract

Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), remains one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. Developing resistant varieties is a sustainable strategy for disease management, and information on the diversity of blast resistance genes is important for selecting breeding parents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of functional sequence-tagged site (STS) markers for resolving genetic diversity among advanced rice lines derived from multiple-cross populations. A total of 104 genotypes, comprising 100 advanced lines and four parental varieties (Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpari 10, and Situ Bagendit), were analyzed using eight gene-specific STS markers associated with four blast resistance genes (Pii, Pia, Pikp, and Pita). Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.80 to 0.96, with a mean of 0.89. UPGMA cluster analysis separated the genotypes into two major groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.90, although most lines occurred in one group and lines with the same parental background were distributed among different subgroups. Observed heterozygosity was low (Ho = 0.09), indicating limited resolution for distinguishing closely related lines despite the high PIC values. Functional STS markers were informative for detecting allelic variation but were insufficient for resolving fine-scale relationships within this genetically narrow breeding population. Combining marker analysis with phenotypic evaluation and higher-resolution markers is therefore recommended to improve selection for blast resistance.
Delignification Effect of Aceh Patchouli Leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) by Trichoderma viride on the Quality of Patchouli Oil Popy Hartatie Hardjo; Michael Anthony Thongiratama; Azminah Azminah Azminah; Theresia Desy Askitosari
Vegetalika Vol 15, No 3 (2026): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.111559

Abstract

Aceh patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is an aromatic plant that produces essential oil, with patchouli alcohol (PA) as the primary compound determining its quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of delignification using the fungus Trichoderma viride on PA content, other chemical components in patchouli oil, and the functional group characteristics of the oil. A factorial experimental design was employed, with the first factor being leaf delignification (control without delignification, natural delignification, and delignification by T. viride for 5 days), and the second factor being the extraction method (hydrodistillation and steam distillation). PA content and the composition of volatile compounds were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), while Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize functional groups. This study provides a novel integrated approach by combining biological delignification using T. viride with different distillation techniques and spectroscopic–multivariate analysis to systematically evaluate changes in patchouli oil composition and extraction efficiency. The results indicated that delignification by T. viride significantly increased PA content, with the highest concentration reaching 61.12%, compared to 37.96% in the control treatment. The levels of other compounds, such as caryophyllene, decreased following delignification, indicating a shift in chemical composition. Delignification treatment had a significant effect on PA content, whereas the distillation method showed no significant difference. FTIR analysis revealed consistent major functional groups, including O–H and C–H vibrations, suggesting that the primary chemical functionalities of the oil were retained. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to the complex mixture nature of essential oils and the overlapping of spectral bands. Overall, T. viride demonstrated potential as an effective and environmentally friendly biological pretreatment agent to enhance patchouli oil quality by improving PA yield without evident alteration of its dominant functional groups.
Agronomic Evaluation and MGDI-Based Multi-Trait Selection of S4 Sweet Corn Inbred Lines Jelita Sari Muluk; P.K. Dewi Hayati; Netti Herawati; Arief Munandar; Agung Primatara Marwan; Warnita Warnita
Vegetalika Vol 15, No 3 (2026): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.112928

Abstract

Sweet corn is a high-value commodity whose productivity can be improved through hybrid variety development. The development of superior hybrids depends on establishing inbred lines with superior agronomic performance and broad phenotypic variability as the basis for parental selection. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic traits and phenotypic variability, analyze correlations among traits, perform principal component analysis (PCA), and apply the Multi-Trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) for multi-trait selection in S4 sweet corn inbred lines. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Universitas Andalas from January to April 2025. An Augmented II design consisting of two blocks was used with 36 S4 inbred lines, comprising 33 test lines and 3 check lines. Results revealed wide phenotypic variability for most agronomic traits, except ear diameter and total soluble solids. Yield exhibited positive correlations with plant height, ear length, and ear diameter, but negative correlations with flowering and harvest traits. In contrast, total soluble solids were not significantly correlated with the other agronomic traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most agronomic traits contributed to the variation among inbred lines, whereas total soluble solids had a relatively small contribution. Based on multi-trait selection using MGIDI, seven inbred lines, i.e. CD3, MM1, AG2, PN1, CD2, IN2, and SL1, were identified as the closest to the ideotype. These lines have the potential to be prioritized as parental lines and should be further evaluated in the S5 generation and subjected to combining-ability evaluations in hybrid sweet corn breeding.
Optimizing Agroinfiltration for Enhanced Transient Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in Nicotiana tabacum Olivia Pangaribuan; Widhi Dyah Sawitri, Ph.D; Rikno Harmoko; Yekti Asih Purwestri
Vegetalika Vol 15, No 3 (2026): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.114356

Abstract

Agroinfiltration is a genetic transformation method that was developed to transiently express genes in plant cells for the rapid production of plant-based recombinant proteins. Although this method has been widely applied to Nicotiana benthamiana, few studies have used Nicotiana tabacum. To optimize this method in N. tabacum, the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene was used as a reporter gene to confirm and quantify the efficiency of the transformation. The GFP gene was cloned into the binary vector pRI101AN and the pRI101AN-GFP construct was introduced into plant tissues via the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101. Agroinfiltration was carried out on the leaves of one- and two-month-old N. tabacum plants using the needleless syringe infiltration (agroinjection) method. A. tumefaciens was cultured until an optical density (OD₆₀₀) of 1.0, under varying acetosyringone concentrations of 200 μM and 500 μM in MES buffer. Harvesting times were also optimized at 0, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-days post-infiltration (dpi). The success of transient gene transfer and expression was shown through the visualization of GFP fluorescence in the infiltrated leaf tissue. The results showed that the addition of 200 μM acetosyringone in MES buffer infiltrated into two-month-old N. tabacum leaves provided the most effective system for agroinfiltration-based transient gene expression, with the highest GFP expression observed at 4 dpi. These findings provide an important basis for the development of plant-based molecular farming platforms, particularly in Indonesia.
Postharvest Quality of Rambutan Fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.) under White and Green LED Treatments during Storage Putri Nabila Sukma Al Yamani; Ketty Suketi; Abdullah Bin Arif
Vegetalika Vol 15, No 3 (2026): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.118239

Abstract

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is an economically important tropical fruit in Indonesia, primarily marketed fresh but highly perishable after harvest. However, scientific evidence on the effects of specific light-emitting diode (LED) spectra on rambutan postharvest quality remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of white LED, green LED, and a control treatment without LED exposure on postharvest quality of rambutan stored for 8 days at 25 ± 2 °C and 85% RH. Postharvest quality was assessed based on weight loss, peel color (L*, a*, b*), CO₂ respiration rate, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C content. Compared to green LED and control treatments, white LED treatment significantly suppressed respiration rate (37.04 mL CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 4 DAT) and better preserved peel color (L* = 38.40, a* = 23.66, b* = 34.29 at 4 DAT), TA (0.47%), and vitamin C content (2.475 mg 100 g⁻¹ at 4 DAT) throughout the storage period, indicating a delay in postharvest senescence under white LED treatment, whereas TSS (18 °Brix) did not differ significantly among treatments. These findings indicate that white LED treatment is an effective and environmentally sound postharvest strategy for extending the shelf life of rambutan, with potential for application in commercial storage and retail distribution systems to minimize postharvest losses of tropical fruits.
High Flowering Frequency of In Vitro Tomato Using 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and Uniform Light Wina Dian Savitri, S.Si., M.Agr.; Laurensius Dewa Senapati; Fenny Irawati; Siska Citra Dewi; Popy Hartatie Hardjo
Vegetalika Vol 15, No 3 (2026): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.118343

Abstract

Light is essential for plant morphogenesis and flowering induction. Therefore, maintaining uniform light conditions across all cultures may enhance the success of in vitro tomato flower production. Nevertheless, limited information is available on how specific and uniform light conditions can affect in vitro flower production. Thus, the current research aimed to determine how uniform light influences in vitro flowering induction and flower production in tomato plantlets. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, MS medium supplemented with 1 ppm 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA), and Murashige Modified Shoot Multiplication medium were used. The effects of uniform light intensities of 1,300, 2,000, and 3,000 lux generated by white light-emitting diode grow lamps were also investigated to determine the optimum condition for flowering induction. The results showed that 1 ppm BA combined with 2,000 lux uniform light produced 100% in vitro flowers in the tomato variety Tymoti. The uniform 2,000 lux light intensity significantly improved in vitro flowering frequency. This study is the first to report on the effect of uniform light on in vitro flower induction in tomato plantlets. The results of this study will contribute to the improvement and innovations of tomato plant breeding.
Effect of PGRs from Combination Extracts of Moringa and Sprouts on Soybean Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity Mirwa Adiprahara Anggarani
Vegetalika Vol 15, No 3 (2026): In Publish
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.118633

Abstract

Soybean is one of the important food commodities rich in bioactive compounds and has great potential as a natural antioxidant source. Efforts to improve the functional quality of soybeans can be made through the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) derived from plant extracts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying a combination of PGRs from moringa leaves and sprout extracts on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of harvested soybeans. The extracts were obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol and then formulated into six combination treatments (A–F), along with one control. Total phenolic content was analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and expressed as mg GAE/g, while antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method by determining the IC₅₀ value measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 515.9 nm. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the combination of PGRs significantly affected both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of soybeans. Treatment F produced the highest total phenolic content of 24.32 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g and the lowest IC₅₀ value of 196.47 ± 0.77 ppm, both classified as moderate categories. Thus, the application of combined moringa leaf and sprout extracts, particularly treatment F, proved effective in enhancing the bioactive compound content and antioxidant capacity of soybeans.

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