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Vegetalika
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23024054     EISSN : 26227452     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Vegetalika ISSN (Cetak): 2302-4054 dan ISSN (Online): 2622-7452 adalah open access jurnal yang mempublikasikan artikel-artikel ilmiah berupa gagasan dan hasil penelitian. Topik publikasi berkaitan dengan disiplin ilmu Agronomi mencakup Manajemen dan Produksi Tanaman, Hortikultura, Ekologi Tanaman, Fisiologi Tanaman, Genetika dan Pemuliaan, Teknologi Benih, Bioteknologi Tanaman, dan Biostatistika.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 479 Documents
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Potensi Ekstrak Daun Jati (Tectona grandis L. f.) sebagai Bioherbisida Gulma Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) dan Gulma Siam (Chromolaena odorata L.) Siti Nazla Syafaa Kamila; Dyah Weny Respatie; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.104216

Abstract

The presence of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata L.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in crop fields has been shown to reduce crop quality and productivity. This issue can be mitigated through the use of bioherbicides derived from teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) leaf extract, which contains allelochemicals with herbicidal potential. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the allelopathic compounds in teak leaves and determine the optimal concentrations for controlling the two weed species during germination and early growth. The research was conducted in January-August 2024 at the Crop Production Management Laboratory, Horticulture Sub-Laboratory, Plant Science Sub-Laboratory, and Plant Ecology Sub-Laboratory, Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, and Integrated Laboratory for Research and Testing of Universitas Gadjah Mada. Four treatment levels were tested: D0 (control or without apllication), D1 (10% concentration), D2 (20% concentration), and D3 (40% concentration). Teak leaves extract application was carried out on two different weeds, namely Cyperus rotundus L. and Chromolaena odorata L., resulting in a total of 24 experimental units within the study. Teak leaf extract was applied to Cyperus rotundus L. and Chromolaena odorata, producing 24 experimental units. Fresh teak leaves were found to contain 5.47% (w/w) gallic acid equivalent phenols. Concentrations of 10% and 20% were optimal for inhibiting the germination and early growth of Siam weed, whereas 40% was most effective for inhibiting the germination and early growth of purple nutsedge.
Aplikasi AB Mix dan POC Limbah Pertanian terhadap Sawi Pagoda (Brassica narinosa L.) Hidroponik Sistem Wick Kezia Maharani Hutajulu; Okti Herliana; Muhammad Bachtiar Mustafa; Tamad Tamad; Ni Wayan Anik Leana; Ahmad Fauzi
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.104287

Abstract

Hydroponic cultivation of pagoda mustard (Brassica narinosa L.) is a solution to increase production time efficiency and produce cleaner and more nutritious vegetables. However, the high price of AB mix fertilizer is an obstacle for hydroponic farmers, so alternative sources of nutrients are needed, such as Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF), which utilizes agricultural waste to make it more economical. This study was conducted from July to September 2024 at the screenhouse of the Experimental Farm of Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors: the first treatment was the concentration of AB Mix fertilizer (A), which consisted of four levels, namely A0 (0% AB Mix), A1 (25% AB Mix), A2 (AB Mix 50%), and A3 (AB Mix 100%). The second treatment was the concentration of POC (Liquid Organic Fertilizer) from agricultural waste (P) with three levels: P1 (POC 10 mL/L), P2 (POC 20 mL/L), and P3 (POC 30 mL/L). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the 100% AB mix fertilizer concentration produced the highest results in terms of the number of leaves (up to 57), fresh plant weight (up to 92.22 g), dry plant weight (up to 7.35 g), and chlorophyll content (up to 20.73 mg/L). Substitution of agricultural waste POC increased the number of leaves by 2 leaves and fresh plant weight by 54.15 g at a concentration of 16.7 mL/L. The combination of 50% AB mix with 30 ml/L POC provided the best results in increasing nitrogen uptake, plant height, and leaf area.
Pengaruh Cahaya Artifisial terhadap Karakter Morfologi dan Genetik Bacopa caroliniana dalam Kultur Jaringan Syakhril Alam; Laela Sari; Nonon Saribanon; Wening Enggarini; Nurhamidar Rahman; Evan Maulana; Amalia Prihaningsih
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.104665

Abstract

Bacopa caroliniana has great potential in the fields of ecology, medicinal and ornamental, also has aesthetic value in the form of very rare small blue flowers. This beauty is highly sought after among aquatic lovers, for that genetic diversity is needed using the light spectrum. However, understanding of the influence of light spectrum on the growth and genetic characters of B. caroliniana using tissue culture. The research was carried out from March 2023 to January 2024 at the KST Soekarno National Research and Innovation Agency Laboratory, Cibinong, Bogor. Explants were grown in MS media (Murashige and Skoog) treated with white (control), blue, red and purple LED light. The design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor and six replications. Observations include plant height, number of leaves, number of axillary shoots, number of roots, as well as genetic analysis through DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing. The results showed that white light gave the best results on all morphological parameters, with the highest number of leaves (30,800), while purple light produced the lowest number of leaves (17,500). The ANOVA test showed that plant height did not differ significantly between treatments (Sig. = 0.137), indicating the adaptability of B. caroliniana to various light spectra. The research conclusions show that white light is optimal for increasing leaf number and photosynthetic capacity, which is highly relevant in tissu culture and aquaculture applications. Genetically, blue and white light treatment did not cause significant genetic changes, while red and purple light showed slight, temporary genetic changes, possibly influenced by epigenetic mechanisms.
Pengaruh Posisi Cabang Pembuahan terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Mutu Buah Melon (Cucumis melo L.) dalam Sistem Fertigasi Hidroponik Muhammad Habib Ikhwana; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Erlina Ambarwati
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.104670

Abstract

Melon have the potential to produce 10-20 fruits per plant; however, the quality of each fruit is often suboptimal due to inefficient assimilate distribution. This study aimed to determine the optimal fruiting branch position to maximize the growth, yield, and quality of melons in a fertigation hydroponic system. The research was conducted in a 168 m² greenhouse owned by PT Lentera Agropedia Nusantara, located in Pripih, Hargomulyo, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A split-plot experimental design was used, with melon cultivars (Sweet Hami and Kirin) as the main factor and fruiting branch positions (lower, middle, and upper) as the sub-factor. The results showed that middle (9th to 10th nodes) and upper (11th to 12th nodes) fruiting branches exhibited greater fruit weight, length, and diameter compared to lower branches (7th to 8th nodes). Kirin cultivar had thicker flesh, and the interaction between cultivar and branch position significantly influenced the fruit cavity diameter. Middle and upper branches produced fruits of similar quality when harvested at 70 days after planting. Fruiting on the lower branches (7th to 8th nodes) produces fruits with lower weight, length, and diameter.Considering the risks associated with fruiting on upper branches, it is recommended to maintain melons on middle branches, specifically at the 9th to 10th nodes.
Adaptabilitas Agronomi Genotipe Kacang Merah di Dataran Rendah Bogor Siti Marwiyah; Undang Undang; Soefi Nastri Agustiani
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.105217

Abstract

Evaluation of kidney bean genotypes in the lowlands is a preliminary step in a plant breeding program to develop lowland-adaptive varieties. This study aims (1) to evaluate agronomic characters, (2) analyze the associations between yield component traits and total yield, and (3) select kidney bean genotypes adapted to lowland environment. The study was conducted in lowlands (185 m asl), Leuwikopo Experimental Station, IPB, Bogor, from March to June 2023. Ten kidney bean genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Observations included growth characters and yield components, followed by heritability, correlations, and multiple regression. Genotype was significantly affects plant height, total productive bunches, total pods number, total pod weight, total seed weight, and pod length. Characters with high broad sense heritability (h2bs>60%) were plant height, total productive bunches, pod length, total pod weight, and total seed weight. Total seed weight was identified as a selection trait for adaptation in lowland. Adaptive genotypes in the lowlands exhibited high total pod and seed weight, taller canopy, numerous productive clusters, and early maturity. Genotypes KM06, KM03, and KM04 showed the highest total seed weight per plant, indicating superior adaptation potential in lowland environments.
Effect of Light Color and Auxin on Callus Induction and Development in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. Popy Hartatie Hardjo; Michael Anthony Thongiratama; Fenny Irawati; Didik Pudji Restanto
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.106227

Abstract

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a significant player in the international market, but its slow seedling growth rate is a major concern. This study, which holds significant implications for porang cultivation, aimed to accelerate the seedling growth phase through the induction of adventitious shoots from callus proliferation. We explored the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs), specifically auxins (NAA and 2,4-D) and cytokinins (BAP), in combination with variations in light color (white and white-blue). The observed parameters included the time of first callus and adventitious shoot emergence, callus growth, number of adventitious shoots, and callus coloration. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulator (PGR) type and light quality as independent variables. Statistical significance was assessed at a 95% confidence level using SPSS software. The combination of 1.0 ppm NAA and 0.5 ppm BAP in MS medium under white-blue light effectively accelerated callus induction from bulbil explants, with visible callus formation by day 8 and the fastest proliferation over 7 weeks. Under white light, the same PGR combination also promoted the earliest adventitious shoot formation by day 16 and yielded the highest number of shoots, totaling seven by the end of the culture period.
Optimasi Optical Density (OD) Dan Dosis Kanamisin Dalam Transformasi Gen Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SoSPS1) Pada Anggrek Dendrobium sp. Arsy Chairiyah; Bambang Sugiharto; Purnama Okviandari; Parawita Dewanti; Khiar Ayatina Hasbi
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.106229

Abstract

Genetic transformation in plants involves the insertion of isolated foreign genes into the plant genome. Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) is a key enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis, the primary sugar serving as an energy source and carbon transport molecule in most plants. Dendrobium orchids, which utilize Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), often exhibit a slow growth rate, thereby limiting their commercial potential. The insertion of the SPS gene into the orchid genome is expected to optimize the sucrose metabolic pathway, potentially influencing the rate of photosynthesis, carbon allocation, and growth characteristics of the orchid. Optimizing the optical density (OD) of the Agrobacterium suspension and the dosage of kanamycin is crucial for enhancing the success rate of the gene transformation process. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentrations of OD and kanamycin to achieve efficient SoSPS1 gene transformation in orchids. Three-month-old Protocorm-Like Bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium Glory White were used as the explant source. The transformed explants were subsequently evaluated for the effectiveness of the kanamycin dosage, the percentage of explant shoots, the number of shoots per explant, the transformation efficiency, and phenotypic changes in the transformed plants. The results showed that a transformation efficiency of up to 40% was achieved using an Agrobacterium suspension at an OD600nm of 0.4. A lethal dose (LD50) of 100 mgL-1 kanamycin resulted in 34% of plantlets surviving post-selection. Transformation with the SoSPS1 gene in Dendrobium sp. induced distinct phenotypic plants including split leaves, swollen stems (pseudobulb), and increased shoot multiplication.
Efektivitas Pemupukan Nitrogen Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Klorofil Kopi Gold Robusta Oria Alit Farisi; Distiana Wulanjari; Muhammad Ghufron Rosyady; Muhammad Burhanuddin Irsyadi; Moh Alaika Nurul Hak
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.106422

Abstract

Coffee is one of the important plantation commodities that plays a significant role in the Indonesian economy. Gold Robusta coffee is a potential genotype currently being developed in Jember, particularly by the University of Jember, as an alternative to the common practice of using seedling cuttings with unidentified genetic origins. This study aimed to determine the optimal nitrogen (urea) dosage containing 46% N and its growth response on immature (TBM) Gold Robusta coffee plants. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field in Darsono Village, Arjasa District, Jember Regency, from May to December 2024. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, consisting of three levels of urea fertilizer doses, namely 15 g, 30 g, and 45 g/plant, each replicated nine times. Observed variables included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number and length of productive branches, leaf area, and chlorophyll content. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and significant differences were further tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that urea application significantly affected the growth of immature Gold Robusta coffee. A dose of 45 g/plant produced the best growth performance with an average plant height of 112.78 cm, 21.44 leaves, leaf area of 163.56 cm², and productive branch length of 47 cm. Therefore, urea application at 45 g/plant can be recommended as a fertilizer guideline during the immature phase of Gold Robusta coffee.
Respons Fisiologis Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Bligon’) dengan Pemberian Pupuk Nitrogen pada Kondisi Kekeringan Salma Nur Majidah; Siti Nurbaiti; Diah Rachmawati
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.106749

Abstract

Tobacco is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, but it is vulnerable to drought due to climate change. This study aimed to analyze the physiological response of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. 'Bligon') to nitrogen fertilizer application under drought conditions. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with a combination of three urea fertilizer doses (0.6; 1.2; 1.8 g/ 5 kg of growing media) and three levels of field capacity levels (100; 75; 50%). Each treatment combines three replications. Parameters observed included plant growth and physiological traits, and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly affected the physiological response of tobacco plant under drought conditions. The 0.6 g nitrogen dose showed a low effect on physiological and growth parameters. The 1.2 g doses moderately increased carotenoids and membrane stability index (MSI). While 1.8 g significantly improved chlorophyll, MSI, and growth parameters. These results indicate a positive correlation between physiological responses and increasing urea doses.
Pengaruh Biochar Pukan Ayam terhadap Ketersediaan Hara dan Produksi Cabai Rawit di Tanah Alluvial Urai Suci Yulies Vitri Indrawati; Abdul Mujib Alhaddad; Agus Suyanto; Tri Mulya Hartati
Vegetalika Vol 14, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.107252

Abstract

The latest data shows that cayenne pepper production in Indonesia has declined since 2024. According to the Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Horticultural Statistics, household consumption of cayenne pepper in 2024 fell 2.03% compared to 2023, and the downward trend is also evident in production. This is due to declining soil fertility, including alluvial soil, as well as climate conditions that affect crop yields. To overcome this, additional organic ameliorants such as biochar from chicken manure are needed, in addition to the use of inorganic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of applying biochar from chicken manure on the productivity of chili peppers planted in alluvial soil. This study design was RAL, chicken manure biochar using 5 doses and repeated 5 times for a total of 25 treatment polybags. The treatments were P0 = control, still given NPK as recommended, P1 = 15 tons/ha, P2 = 30 tons/ha, P3 = 45 tons/ha, P4 = 60 tons/ha. The research parameters were pH, organic C, total N, available P, K-dd, height growth, and plant production. The results showed that the application of chicken manure biochar at a dose of 60 tons/ha (P4) significantly affected soil acidity (pH) (increased by 12.29%), organic carbon (74.34%), total nitrogen (62,06%), available phosphorus (170.95%), exchangeable potassium (842.80%), cayenne pepper plant height (270.57%), and fruit weight (204%).

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