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Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Pendidikan (JEBP)
Published by Universitas Negeri Malang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27981193     DOI : https://doi.org/10.17977/um066
Core Subject : Economy, Education,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Other
Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Pendidikan (JEBP) is a scientific journal in the business, economy, and education fields. This journal focuses on theoretical and empirical studies in the field of economy, business, and education. It welcomes research in the areas of economic development, economic behavior, digital economy, economy education, economy system, finance and banking, small and medium enterprises, financial management, development of a company, finance of a company, business and economic learning, learning instruments, learning achievement, teaching and learning strategies, learning assessment, as well as learning media.
Arjuna Subject : Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (semua kategori) - Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 323 Documents
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THE DUAL IMPACT OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY ON IRAQ'S GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PERIOD 2010-2023 Sabah Ahmed Asmaeel
Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

The Iraqi economy is heavily dependent on crude oil revenues, which constitute the primary source of funding for government expenditures and development projects. This study examines the impact of oil price fluctuations on Iraq's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which serves as a key indicator of sustainable economic development. A quantitative research approach was employed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the relationship between oil prices and GDP over the period 2010–2023. The empirical findings indicate that, in the short run, a one-unit increase in oil prices leads to an approximately ten-unit increase in GDP, demonstrating a significant positive relationship. However, the long-run analysis reveals an inverse relationship between oil prices and GDP, suggesting that excessive dependence on oil revenues may undermine long-term economic sustainability. The findings highlight the importance of utilizing oil revenues more efficiently by strengthening investment in productive sectors, improving governance, reducing the effects of corruption, and promoting economic diversification. Furthermore, infrastructure reconstruction and effective fiscal management are essential for transforming oil wealth into sustainable economic growth.
EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE IRAQ`STRADE BALANCE: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR THE PERIOD 2010-2024 Mustafa Ibrahim Abdullah
Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

The influence of the Iraqi economy is closely related with the amount of oil revenue that can be generated by the Iraqi economy, as the oil revenues are one of the important factors that have affected the economic picture of Iraq. In this regard, the study was aimed to study the following: 1- Econometric analysis method of studying the differences between the rates of the currencies and their impact on the trade balance of Iraq during the period (2010-2024). The research has significance as it attempts to explain the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on exports and imports and the overall activity of international trade in a small and undiversified economy, typical of a rentier economy. From the empirical results, it could be inferred that there is a negative relationship between trade balance (Y) and exchange rate (X). The estimated value of the coefficient shows that a 1% increase in the exchange rate leads to an increase in trade balance by 0.8754. This is because it is very dependent upon oil revenues and extremely sensitive to exchange rate fluctuations that can cause very volatile trade balance. The results have also indicated that the non-oil productive sectors have been contributing little share to the foreign trade trade of Iraq and that the oil products trade is still the main contributor to foreign trade trade in Iraq. In addition, the depreciation of the Iraqi dinar has contributed only slightly to the boost in non-oil exports, and has exerted downward pressure on price soared imports of goods and services and contributed to inflationary pressures. Furthermore, the world's oil price fluctuations have a larger effect on Iraq's trade balance than the fluctuations in the exchange rate. It therefore suggests that the economic policies adopted should focus on diversifying and expanding the productive base of the economy; support the industrial and agricultural sectors; promote non-oil exports, and minimize reliance on oil earnings. These would improve the trade stance of Iraq.
WORK STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE Talal Saeed Hameed; Osama Layth Mohammed Faeq
Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

The research was conducted in Nineveh Governorate and included all employees working in agricultural extension in the Directorate of Agriculture of Nineveh, and the research aims to identify the level of work pressures that affect workers in agricultural extension, identify the correlation between work pressures and each of the independent variables, identify the most important proposals that reduce the work pressures facing workers in agricultural extension. The research included (206) employees, including the sample of the initial test (pre-test) of (30) employees to extract stability, thus reaching the research community (176). A simple proportional random sample was selected by (50%) from the total population, so the final research sample is (88) employees. The data were collected through the questionnaire form, which consisted of two parts, the first of which included the independent variables of the respondents. The second part included a measurement to measure work pressure on workers in agricultural extension, which consisted of (22) items on the most important work pressures facing agricultural extension workers. The results showed that more than half of agricultural extension workers are exposed to work stress while working to a low degree. The variables (level of education, age, professional ambition) had a significant correlation with work pressures. Also, the proposal (increasing incentives and material and moral rewards) was a priority among the proposals proposed by the respondents.

Page 33 of 33 | Total Record : 323

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