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International Review of Humanities Studies
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 25279416     EISSN : 24776866     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Education, Art,
Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science
International Review of Humanities Studies is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal published by the Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia. This journal accepts original articles about various issues in humanities, which include but is not limited to philosophy, literature, archeology, anthropology, linguistics, history, cultural studies, philology, arts, library, and information science focused on studies and research.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 324 Documents
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HO CHI MINH’S MULTICULTURAL THOUGHTS Jingqing, Yang
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Abstract

Ho Chi Minh is one of influential personages in the history of Vietnam. His thoughts became the crucial guideline in the anti-colonial, anti-imperialist and independence movements of Vietnam. So far, quite a few scholars have conducted in-depth analysis of Ho Chi Minh‟s thoughts from the perspectives of politics, sociology and philosophy, but few scholars have studied Ho‟s thoughts from the perspective of multiculturalism. Given that multiculturalism is a theory that firstly put forward by western scholars in the western world, whether the theory is applicable to traditional and communitarian oriental world has become a hot topic in academic circles. From the perspective of morality, the elements of liberty, equality and justice of multiculturalism have the function of anti-colonialism and anti-imperialism in Southeast Asian countries including Vietnam. In the colonial times, French deliberately isolated Vietnamese ethnic groups through ideological control and geographical isolation, but under the guideline of Ho Chi Minh‟s thought, the Vietnamese broken the barrier of colonial and successfully achieve national unity and ethnic unity. This paper intends to prove that multiculturalism has the function of anti-colonialism and anti-imperialism by researching the Ho Chi Minh‟s multicultural thoughts, which is the best practice of western multiculturalism in southeast Asia.
DENOTATION, CONNOTATION AND MYTHICAL MEANING OF THE CIO TAO RITUAL’S WEDDING CEREMONY OF THE CHINESE-BENTENG COMMUNITY THROUGH THE SEMIO-PRAGMATICS APPROACH Suratminto, Lilie
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Abstract

Gobard (1976) divides language into four functions namely: vernacular function, vehicular function, cultural reference function and mythic religion function. An extinct language is not totally extinct but there is a shifting of function. Even though the language that become extinct, is not used anymore in communication function, it is still used to show cultural identity. Culture is one thing that characterize a group of population. According to Kroeber & Kluckohn in Suratminto et al (2017:25) culture is a pattern that implicitly and explicitly formed and at the same time also determines a collective symbol of customs that has different targets in every population group and is displayed in artefact form. The Chinese language of the Chinese-Benteng in Tangerang is also in danger of disappearing. They do not communicate with each other in the Chinese language. Most people do not speak nor write in Chinese characters, but they still maintain their culture in their everyday life. This research is focused on one of their preserved cultures of their ancestors called cio tao, in Tangerang. Cio tao is one of the wedding rituals. A few days before the wedding ceremony there is a sang jit ceremony. In this ceremony the candidate of the bridegroom comes to the parents of the bride‟s parents to hand over the dowry. The research was held in Kampung Naga on April 21th 2019 with qualitative methodology by visual recording and interviewing the respondent. Kampung Naga is one of the kampungs of the Chinese-Benteng in Tangerang district. There are many kampungs inhabited by the Chinese-Benteng e.g. Kampung Melayu, Tanjung Burung, Kampung Sangiang, Sewan, Karawaci, etc. Through the dimensional approach of the semio-pragmatic theory of Danesi & Perron (1998), the step by step process of the cio tao ritual will be analysed to know the goals of each sign determining whether it has a denotative, connotative or mythical meaning.
THE REALITY AND NON-PECULIARITY OF THE YORUBA'S BELIEF IN REINCARNATION: AYE KEJI EXEMPLIFIED Olufadekemi, Adagbada
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Everyone knows that death is the inevitable end of man. What plagues the mind of many, consciously or otherwise, is the question of what happens to man when he breaths his last breath. While some are of the opinion that after death comes judgment; a determinant of whether one goes to eternal blissful domains, or into everlasting torment; depending on whether he had lived piously or otherwise, while on earth. Another school of thought opines that the soul of the dead will reincarnate by taking abode in a new physical body, born as a new baby and live another normal life, whereby he/she has the opportunity to correct his/her wrong actions in the previous incarnation. While some are of the opinion that when the soul has gathered wisdom, knowledge and understanding through several incarnations, it becomes one with the creator; others believe that reincarnation is a continuous process without neither a beginning nor an ending. The Yoruba of South-Western Nigeria, like most other Africans, believes that humans reincarnate in order to re-choose their destiny and fulfill their life ambitions which they had no chance to achieve in a previous incarnation. An examination ofd some Yoruba traditional songs about death and what follows, show that the believe in a day of reckoning‟ and the continuum of the life cycle. Reincarnation, generally speaking, is always thought of, and discussed as a religious phenomenon, most probably because it borders on the super-natural; an issue to which only God; the creative force, has the totally correct answer. My bid in this study is to establish through self-confessed persons that reincarnation is a reality, as against Majeed's (2012) summation that reincarnation as a phenomenon “serves the need of personality identity and as such, it is irrational”. Aside from that, this study examines and concludes that the acceptance of the reality of reincarnation is not peculiar to the Traditional Religion of the (African) Yoruba, it is a common nexus in other faiths, unlike what obtains in Christianity and Islam; the two officially recognized (foreign) religions in Nigeria. My exemplifications from Aye Keji (the other world) a particularly selected Hollywood film, is as a result of its direct relativity to the issue of this study, which is pivoted around African indigenous thought system and philosophy.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS AS EXPRESSIVE DESIRE OF HINDU-BUDDHA RELIGIONS IN JAVA IN 8th–15th CENTURIES Munandar, Agus Aris
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Abstract

This study discusses the Hindu-Buddha religions in the ancient Javanese society which developed in 8—15 th Century AD when the centers of the kingdoms in the central part of Java. The case discussed in this paper is concerned with their ritual and ceremony tools used by the worshipped of Hindu-Buddha religions, especially in the regards with the statues of Hindu-Buddha gods, which are still used up to the present time. The statues of Hindu-Buddha gods are actually the realization of wishes to fulfill their worshipper hopes. This study in line with the opinion of Melford E.Spiro (1977), an expert on religion studies, who states that religion tools and rituals can be considered as expressive desires of the religion worshipper. The statues of Gods, temple structure, and reliefs function ot only as decorative matters, but also as expressive desire of silpins (religious artisants) and the community who performs the rituals in regard with their belief. It can be said that these silpin in the ancient Javanese society were doing religious ceremonies and their dedication to their Gods while they were constructing to the statues, reliefs, and temple. It is then these silpins are expressing (1) their dedication to the God by designing certain statues or narrative reliefs, and (2) personal and community expresses in creating religiously aesthetic artifacts.
SLIPPING INTO THE SHADOWS OF KYAI’S FIGURES: WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN INDONESIAN PESANTREN’S WEB OF POWER Elfira, Mina
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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This paper explores women‟s efforts in challenging male authority within Indonesian pesantren (Islamic education institution). Historically, pesantren tradition did not involved women in its social and religious affairs, and the full authority was in the hand of Kyai (owner and leader of Pesantren). Later on, women, through figures of Nyai (wife, or daughters of Kyai), have started to get involve in pesantren‟s life by helping Kyai in managing pesantren‟s daily life, especially, in taking care of female santri (students). The paper investigates what kind of negotiations, conducted by these women, in dealing with pesantren‟s patriarchal attitude so they can more participate in its „public” and authority matters. Based on a qualitative research data, collected from fieldwork in selected pesantren around Indonesia, this paper argues that in order to maximize their contribution in pesantren web of power, pesantren women as Nyai actively try in any ways to change patriarchal concepts, to empower themselves, and to negotiate social changes.
BIRD SYMBOLISM IN PERSIAN MYSTICISM POETRY Marwoto, Irmawati
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Abstract

This article discusses about bird symbolism in Persian Mysticism Poetry, because images of birds in Islamic mysticism are important symbols and are included in the prominent symbols among other symbols such as wine, roses and gardens. The bird symbol does not only have one single meaning, namely a symbol of the soul, but it also has another meaning. The bird symbol not only as a symbol of the soul but also as a symbol of certain people, experiences and creation. The Sufis who isolate themselves are symbolized as birds in the cage of exile, while Sufis who are killed are symbolized as holy birds that have returned to their nest. Those Sufis who meditate and concentrate are symbolized by birds of silence and the prophets, angels and saints are symbolized by birds flying in the heavenly garden. In, Indonesia, the study is important data which can give meaning to Islamic archeology, considering that Sufism, which was very influential in Indonesia, was spread by both the Persians and the Arabs. This research uses library data, which is collecting data about it, identifying, classifying and then analyzing it. From the results of the analysis it was found that the ideology of birds as a symbols of divinity, symbol s of a holy persons, free souls which materializes in the archaeological remains in the form of ornaments or decorations on ancient Islamic tombs such as the tombs of the Wali Sanga in Java and Madura. This is related to the depiction of birds as symbols of free spirits reaching heaven, the guardians and spreaders of Islam in Java and Madura.
NIGERIA’S CULTURAL POLICY AND THE NEEDS OF THE PERFORMING ARTS Anyanwu, Chukwuma
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Nigeria is a country reputed for its rich and diverse cultures from the multi-ethnic nationalities that make it up. Indeed, the diversity of traditions and cultures are evidenced in the nation’s more than four hundred and seventy (470) tribes. It is in the bid to ensure that each cultural entity is preserved, projected and promoted, that Nigeria has a cultural policy. The cultural policy is decidedly synonymous with the arts and artists since the arts and artists mainly generate the bulk of what materially, at least, constitutes culture. Of course, culture is derived from material and immaterial products all which are products of the creative ingenuities of artists. It is in line with this reasoning that this paper is written, to determine to what extent the Nigerian Cultural Policy has attended to the needs of the arts and artists, with particular emphasis on the performing arts. The performing arts in every culture make up the major part of such Culture’s creative and entertainment industry hence this paper is embarked upon to determine to what extent the policy has accommodated the needs of the performing arts. This is done through a detailed analytical assessment of the cultural policy. Recommendations are then made based on the conclusions drawn from the analysis.
HANNAH ARENDT’S “POLITICAL BEINGS” AS A REPRESENTATION OF POLITICAL EXISTENTIALISM FOR HUMANS EXISTING IN THE WORLD Lustanto, Rendi; Kartika, Ganang Dwi
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Abstract

Discussions in politics often focus on a broad range of political systems or political movements. This focus leads to the efforts to direct the public to the conversation of "Politics" in the sense of a system and it overlooks the fact that politics is built on the crystallization of ideas from individuals who interpret the condition of togetherness in the world. The interpretation is very important because it is the starting point for political discourse to grow and develop, which is often referred to as individual’s "political" struggle. The struggle involves a conversation between me and myself which is later embodied into an individual political idea. The effort to uncover the importance of "politics" within the framework of individual struggle becomes very important when the discourse provided by "Politics" reaches an impasse. This condition gives an impact on the quality of "Politics" that can cause a significant decline, that is "Politics" is not interpreted to achieve justice but only as a means of pursuing mere interests. This study applies qualitative methods based on theoretical and literary studies on Hannah Arendt’s existentialism, namely Vita Activa theory. The expected result of this study is to reconstruct the political concepts on the individual level that are necessary for human beings to be in the world.
INDONESIAN–ARABIC TRANSLATION OF PHATIC EXPRESSION IN WEBTOON “FLAWLESS” Washila, Sarah Aufa; Triwinarti, Wiwin
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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This research studies phatic particles translation from Indonesian to Arabic. The discussed translation here includes phatic expression equivalence and translation and form shift. The aim of the study is to analyse the equivalence of phatic expression from Indonesian to Arabic and to look over shift of translation and form so the message from source language is delivered reasonably to target language. The method applied in the study is qualitative descriptive. 105 data were gathered from a webtoon entitled “Flawless” episode 1-10, in Indonesian and Arabic version. To analyse the data, theory of phatic particles in Indonesian from Kridalaksana (1994) is employed. From 105 data, only 24 data were analyzed. The analysis shows that the phatic articles are not completely translated. There are some articles translated accordingly, and some are translated into other forms or absorbed the sound phonetically. There are 7 untranslated particles; 13 translated according their phatic functions; 2 translated into other forms; and 2 absorbed phonetically.
THE POSITION OF WATER AND RIVER IN CLASSICAL PERSIAN LITERATURE Zulyeno, Bastian
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Water is one of the four elements (water, fire, soil and wind) that are most important in the history of human civilization. In the history of literature and religions in the world, water in the general picture is symbolized as a purification medium for humans to achieve happiness in life. For example, the story of the journey of Iskandar Zulkarnain and the Prophet Khidir in searching for springs of life, as well as the Prophet Moses who was washed away in the Nile, and so forth many stories and legends related to water. The Euphrates and Tigris rivers are two rivers whose water flows for a Mesopotamian civilization, even Babylon which became the capital at that time was built right on the banks of the Euphrates river. Rivers in the water system are included in the physical form of fresh water, in addition to ponds, rain and reservoirs. Where there is a river there must be life flowing with it, so that from clear water also appear phrases and terms like clear mind, light and holy, because the symbol of clarity in all things is always represented by the clearness of water. This paper will discuss how water including the river inspires Persian writers and poets in writing his works. In this paper only two poets focused on Jalaluddin Rumi and Hafez.

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