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International Journal of Enterprise Modelling
Published by International Enterprise Integration Association
ISSN : 16939220     EISSN : 29878713     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35335/emod
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Mathematics Transportation
The International Journal of Enterprise Modelling serves as a venue for anyone interested in business and management modelling. It investigates the conceptual forerunners and theoretical underpinnings that lead to research modelling procedures that inform research and practice.
Arjuna Subject : Matematika - Matematika Terapan
Articles 121 Documents
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Determinants of Tax Avoidance: Institutional Ownership as a Moderator Aprivia, Carissa; Louw, Febriana
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): September: Enterprise Modelling
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the affects of accounting conservatism, independent commissioners, and inventory intensity on tax avoidance with institutional ownership as a moderator. This study was conducted quantitatively with research subjects consisting of companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange listed during 2020-2024 in the industrial sector. The population studied in this research was composed of 67 companies using purposive sampling, resulting in 29 companies and a whole sample of 91 data after outliers. The data used was secondary data obtained from annual reports and company financial reports. The analysis techniques applied were multiple regression analysis and moderated regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The outcome from this study reveal that accounting conservatism and independent commissioners have a negative impact on tax avoidance; inventory intensity doesn’t have impact on tax avoidance; institutional ownership is capable of weakening the impact of accounting conservatism on tax avoidance; and institutional ownership couldn’t moderate the impact of independent commissioners and inventory intensity on tax avoidance. Future research is expected to use sectors other than industry and add independent variables or use different moderating variables to provide broader insights.
Determinants Of Firm Profit Growth: Net Profit Margin As A Moderating Variable Wulan Dari, Ranti; Santoso, Hadi
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): September: Enterprise Modelling
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v19i3.152

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between the financial ratios of total asset turnover (TATO), debt to equity ratio (DER), and operating profit margin (OPM) on the dynamics of corporate profit growth, with net profit margin (NPM) serving as a moderating variable. The study utilizes secondary data obtained from the financial statements of companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020–2024. A total of 45 companies were selected as samples using a purposive sampling approach, resulting in 230 observation units. A moderation regression approach was employed to test the research hypotheses. The findings indicate that DER and OPM have a significant positive effect on profit growth, while TATO's positive impact is statistically insignificant. Furthermore, NPM strengthens the relationship between OPM and TATO with profit growth, but does not moderate the relationship between DER and profit growth. These findings suggest that capital structure, profit margin management, and operational efficiency are key factors in driving profit growth. Meanwhile, asset utilization effectiveness has yet to produce a direct significant impact in the food and beverage sub-sector.
Effectiveness of Ultrasonic Frequencies on the Behavior and Migration Patterns of Rice Field Rats (Rattus argentiventer) Sihotang, Hengki Tamando; Sihotang, Jonhariono; Simbolon, Romasinta
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Sep: Enterprise Modelling
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v16i3.163

Abstract

Rat infestation by Rattus argentiventer remains a serious problem in irrigated rice fields, causing significant yield losses and threatening sustainable rice production. Conventional control methods rely heavily on chemical rodenticides, which pose environmental risks and show declining long-term effectiveness. Ultrasonic deterrent technology has been proposed as an alternative; however, its effectiveness in open-field agricultural environments remains inconsistent and poorly understood. This study aims to analyze the behavioral and migration responses of rice field rats to different ultrasonic frequency ranges to clarify the mechanisms underlying ultrasonic deterrence. A field-based experimental design was applied using paired treatment and control plots, with ultrasonic frequencies ranging from 20 to 40 kHz. Rat activity and movement were monitored through camera traps and motion sensors, and spatial behavior was analyzed using activity reduction rates, migration distance, and path deviation indices. The results indicate a clear frequency-dependent response, with ultrasonic exposure at 30–35 kHz producing the strongest avoidance behavior and directional displacement. These findings suggest that ultrasonic deterrence primarily induces spatial displacement rather than population elimination and provide important implications for the development of adaptive ultrasonic–IoT systems to support smart and sustainable pest management in rice agriculture.
Adaptive Scheduling Model of Ultrasonic Frequencies Based on Environmental Data for Rice Field Rat Pest Control Sihotang, Hengki Tamando; A, Galih Prakoso Rizky; Sihotang, Jonhariono; Simbolon, Romasinta
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): September: Enterprise Modelling
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v19i3.164

Abstract

Rat infestation remains a major constraint to rice production, causing significant yield losses and threatening food security in many rice-growing regions. Although ultrasonic deterrent systems have been promoted as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical rodenticides, their effectiveness is often inconsistent due to static frequency emission and rapid behavioral habituation. This study proposes an adaptive scheduling model for ultrasonic frequencies based on real-time environmental data to enhance long-term deterrence effectiveness. The model integrates environmental sensing, stochastic frequency selection, and habituation-aware control within a context-aware scheduling framework. Environmental data were acquired using field-deployed sensors, while the adaptive algorithm dynamically adjusted ultrasonic frequency, emission duration, and interval. Field evaluations compared the proposed system with static ultrasonic control. Results demonstrate sustained spectral diversity, reduced habituation, and significant decreases in rat activity and crop damage, alongside improved energy efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of adaptive ultrasonic control as a scalable and sustainable solution for smart agriculture, supporting chemical-free pest management and precision rice farming.
Embed theory of planned behavior in predicting external financing of woman’s entrepreneur behavior Sijabat, Rauly; Setyorini, Noni; Amin, Fatkhul; Nastiti, Prianka Ratri
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.142

Abstract

Empirical gaps regarding high credit interest rates, male dominance of asset ownership, the tendency to use own capital to start small businesses, gender discrimination, and a higher risk of credit rejection are reasons why female entrepreneurs are reluctant to apply for business loans. Individual investment behavior is influenced by gender differences. Previous research due to indications of behavioral differences between female and male entrepreneurs in making business debt decisions. Also found that individual debt or investment behavior is largely determined by personal attributes, one of which is gender. Based empirical gap and research gap perspective, the implementation of the Theory of Planned Behavior (THB) in entrepreneurship studies, particularly on business debt behavior with female entrepreneurs as the subject, is still very limited, if not non-existent. Furthermore, the factors tested have not specifically mapped research variables to factors such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. So, it is necessary to develop a fundamental, theory-based model using the TPB approach that can organize predictor variables and comprehensively and systematically predict and explain business debt behavior among female entrepreneurs. The empirical model was tested using empirical data obtained from interviews with female entrepreneurs who had business debt for the purposes of establishing or expanding their businesses. The model testing and the influence between variables were then analyzed using a Structural Equation Modeling approach. The results of the analysis indicate that interest or desire determines the behavior or business debt decisions of female entrepreneurs. The results of this study also show that female entrepreneurs' interest in business debt is determined only by entrepreneurial self-efficacy, while factors such as entrepreneur desirability, entrepreneur opportunity recognition, and entrepreneur social identity do not statistically influence their interest in business debt.
Digital marketing strategy of Waroeng Steak & Shake in building brand and millennial customer loyalty wawan, Agus; Taryono; Sutrisno
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.165

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing strategy on brand equity and millennial customer loyalty at Waroeng Steak & Shake in the increasingly competitive culinary industry. It also contributes to marketing literature by integrating digital marketing strategy and brand equity as key determinants of sustainable millennial loyalty in the context of a local culinary brand in Indonesia. A quantitative research design was employed using primary data collected from 195 millennial customers who had made purchases within the last three months. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 25, including descriptive statistics, validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that digital marketing strategy has a positive and statistically significant effect on brand equity (β = 0.512; p < 0.001) and customer loyalty (β = 0.437; p < 0.001). Furthermore, brand equity significantly influences loyalty (β = 0.468; p < 0.001) and partially mediates the relationship between digital marketing and loyalty. The coefficient of determination shows that the model explains 63.4% of the variance in loyalty. These findings highlight the strategic synergy between digital engagement and brand value in strengthening emotional attachment and long-term relationships. However, the study is limited to a single brand and a cross-sectional design; future research should include broader contexts and additional variables.
Global trends in employee engagement research: bibliometric insights and implications for Indonesian organizations Hunneman, Taufan; Napitupulu, Darmawan; Suwandi, Suwandi
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.166

Abstract

Employee engagement has become a central topic in global human resource management, yet its application in Indonesia remains limited, representing <5% of 32,156 global Scopus publications (2010–2025). This study conducts bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix to map publication patterns, thematic clusters, and collaborations, revealing a JD-R → Leadership → Performance causal chain (85% network variance) absent from prior Indonesian literature. This study advances EE literature by providing the first VOSviewer-based mapping that reframes Indonesian research within Schaufeli's extended JD-R model, documenting pandemic-driven theoretical migration from structural to agentic explanations. Practically, the analysis identifies digital transformation and SME gaps (<1% keywords), offering data-driven priorities for Indonesia's workforce digitalization.
The relationship between communication skills and organizational culture and employe work effectiveness: a case study of UPT Balai Yasa Pulubrayan PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Harahap, Julienda Br; Tika Indria
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.167

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of communication skills and organizational culture on employee work effectiveness at UPT Balai Yasa Pulubrayan PT. Kereta Api Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population and sample amounted to 91 employees determined through a total sampling technique (census). Data were collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1–5 that has met the validity and reliability requirements with a Cronbach's Alpha value between 0.810 and 0.875. Data analysis was carried out using a Multiple Linear Regression model using IBM SPSS software version 25, which has passed the classical assumption test including the normality test. The research findings indicate that partially, communication skills and organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on work effectiveness. Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on employee work effectiveness. This regression model has a coefficient of determination (R-Square) value of 38.9%, which indicates the model's ability to explain variations in work effectiveness, while the remaining 61.1% is influenced by factors outside this study. This study confirms that strengthening organizational culture and improving interpersonal communication skills are key drivers of work effectiveness in the railway industry. Practically, the management of UPT Balai Yasa is advised to intensify communication training programs and internalize work culture values ​​to minimize operational errors and improve service quality.
Transformation of the state defense paradigm in building the nation's information and cognitive resilience in the era of global disinformation Nugroho, Anton; Rimbawa, H.A Danang; Setyowati, Danny
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.168

Abstract

The escalation of global disinformation has redefined the meaning of national defense, shifting it from a conventional military paradigm to a contested cognitive domain that challenges the integrity of truth and the resilience of public reason. This study addresses the problem of Indonesia’s fragmented and reactive defense policy in responding to the intensifying threats of information warfare that undermine democratic stability and societal cohesion. The research aims to formulate a transformative framework for national defense that prioritizes information resilience and cognitive preparedness as strategic pillars of sovereignty. Employing a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol, the study analyzed 610 relevant academic and policy documents published between 2016 and 2025. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s national information defense remains dominated by defensive and bureaucratic approaches, weakened by poor inter-agency coordination, limited digital human resource competence, and the absence of a permanent coordinating body. Compared to Finland and Germany, Indonesia still treats digital literacy as an auxiliary policy rather than a strategic defense tool. The study concludes that safeguarding the state in the digital era requires reconstructing national defense policies toward an integrated, anticipatory, and human-centered system that transforms citizens into cognitive defenders of truth within a resilient and democratic information ecosystem.
Enterprise financial performance under liquidity, solvency, and risk-based capital constraints Martina, Sri; Tarigan, Wico Jontarudi; Ferdila, Ferdila
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.170

Abstract

Enterprise financial performance is a critical indicator of organizational sustainability, particularly in highly regulated and risk-sensitive industries such as insurance. Prior studies on insurance financial performance have largely emphasized profitability or macroeconomic determinants, while limited research has integrated liquidity, solvency, and risk-based capital (RBC) into a unified accounting-based framework at the enterprise level. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the financial performance effectiveness of a publicly listed Indonesian insurance company through an integrated assessment of liquidity, solvency, and regulatory capital adequacy. This research employs a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data derived from audited annual financial statements of an insurance enterprise listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2020–2023 period. Financial performance is evaluated using liquidity ratios (current ratio and cash ratio), solvency ratios (debt-to-assets ratio and debt-to-equity ratio), and the Risk-Based Capital ratio as a regulatory solvency benchmark. The findings reveal that the enterprise consistently maintains strong liquidity and capital adequacy above regulatory requirements, indicating effective short-term financial management and strong risk-absorption capacity. However, solvency analysis shows a relatively high reliance on debt financing, suggesting potential structural risks in long-term capital composition. This study contributes to enterprise modelling and accounting literature by proposing an integrated accounting-based framework that positions liquidity, solvency, and RBC as interrelated enterprise control mechanisms for evaluating financial performance effectiveness in regulated insurance institutions. The results provide practical implications for financial governance and regulatory compliance in emerging insurance markets. This study addresses the gap in prior insurance performance studies that examine liquidity, solvency, and capital adequacy separately by proposing an integrated accounting-based enterprise performance framework.

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