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INDONESIA
Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 14124734     EISSN : 24078646     DOI : 10.15408
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Focus and Scope FOCUS This journal focused on Islamic Studies and present developments through the publication of articles and research reports. SCOPE Ahkam specializes on islamic law, and is intended to communicate original research and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Fatwa; Islamic Economic Law; Islamic Family Law; Islamic Legal Administration; Islamic Jurisprudence; Islamic Law and Politics; Islamic Legal and Judicial Education; Comparative Islamic Law; Islamic Law and Gender; Islamic Law and Contemporary Issues; Islamic Law and Society; Islamic Criminal Law
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 378 Documents
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Islamic Law and Women’s Rights in Indonesia: A Case of Regional Sharia Legislation Nur Hidayah
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 19, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v19i1.11717

Abstract

Under Indonesia decentralization policy which grants regional governments more authority to manage their own local affairs, some predominantly Muslim regions have passed sharia regional legislation on the ground of popular aspirations and local particularities. It has raised a question of whether the regional autonomy will provide new opportunities for women to promote their rights within closer local governments or it will inadvertently restrain women’s advancement. Answering the question, this paper will firstly discuss the decentralization policy that opens up the opportunity for regional sharia legislation. Then it will examine the legal substance of the so-called perda (sharia-based bylaws) and their impacts on women’s rights. Being influenced by conservative sharia interpretation laden with patriarchal values, these sharia-based bylaws discriminate against women, as reflected in their stipulations regarding women’s familial and social roles, dress codes, curfews, public segregation, and prostitution. The rise of Islamic conservatism during Indonesian democratization and the lack of gender perspectives in the decentralization policies have contributed to such discriminatory regional sharia legislation. Therefore there is an urgent need for religious reform as well as more sensitive gender policies in implementing the decentralization so that the sharia and regional autonomy can go hand in hand to support women’s rights promotion. Kebijakan desentralisasi memberi banyak wewenang untuk mengelola urusan lokal daerah  sendiri. Beberapa provinsi dan kabupaten yang mayoritas Muslim telah mengeluarkan peraturan daerah (Perda) syariah berdasarkan aspirasi rakyat dan kekhasan lokal. Fenomena ini telah menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah otonomi daerah akan membuka peluang baru bagi perempuan untuk mempromosikan hak-hak mereka di daerahnya sendiri atau akan menghambat kemajuannya. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan semacam itu, penelitian ini pertama-tama akan membahas kebijakan desentralisasi yang membuka peluang bagi legislasi syariah regional. Kemudian,  pemeriksaan substansi hukum apa yang disebut perda syariah tersebut dan dampaknya terhadap hak-hak perempuan. Temuan penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh interpretasi syariah konservatif yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai patriarki sehingga peraturan berbasis syariah ini mendiskriminasi perempuan, sebagaimana tercermin dalam ketentuan mereka mengenai peran keluarga dan sosial perempuan, aturan berpakaian, jam malam, segregasi publik, dan prostitusi. Munculnya konservatisme Islam selama demokratisasi Indonesia dan kurangnya perspektif gender dalam kebijakan desentralisasi baik di tingkat pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat telah berkontribusi terhadap undang-undang syariah regional yang diskriminatif ini. Oleh karena itu, ada kebutuhan mendesak untuk mereformasi interpretasi agama yang konservatif serta kebijakan jender yang lebih sensitif dalam menerapkan desentralisasi sehingga syariah dan otonomi daerah dapat berjalan beriringan untuk bersama-sama mendukung penguatan hak-hak perempuan.
Gagasan Menyatukan Umat Islam Indonesia Melalui Kalender Islam Susiknan Azhari
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 15, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2869

Abstract

This article discussed many kinds of Islamic calendar in Indonesia, including Muhammadiyah, PBNU, Indonesia Taqwim Standard, and Islam PERSIS calendar. The results found each calendar has a different system in the initial launch of lunar month. Data reckoning found for 19 years (2015-2033) that it is differences possibilities for eight times. To resolve this discrepancy, the authors offered mutakamil Hilaltheory as a middle way between wujudul hilal and visibility, so the distinction has to be completed and the Eid can be universally implemented.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2869
Nafkah Wanita Karier dalam Pespektif Fikih Klasik B. Syafuri
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 13, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v13i2.933

Abstract

Abstract: Support Payments of Career Woman within the Perspective of Classical Fiqh. This article attempts to research the right to support payments of career woman or woman in work. In traditional classic fiqh, the husband is liable to provide for support payments to his wife based on the principle of separation of property between husband and wife. This principle follows a flow of thought that a husband earns money instead of the wife. The understanding of the working wife or career woman which must be made dependent to the husband’s permission needs to be re-examined or reviewed because the scholars have not mentioned the obvious arguments concerning the matter. Likewise, no proposition exists which prohibits, either men or women, to work as well as no firm proposition about the need to have the husband’s permission to go to work. Similarly, many historical facts reveal that there were working women or career women in the time of the Prophet, such as ‘A’ishah, Ummu Mubâshir, and others.Keywords: support payments (living support), career woman, nushûzAbstrak: Nafkah Wanita Karier dalam Pespektif Fikih Klasik. Artikel ini mencoba meneliti tentang hak nafkah wanita karier atau perempuan yang bekerja. Dalam tradisi fikih klasik, suami berkewajiban memberikan nafkah kepada istrinya didasarkan pada prinsip pemisahan harta antara suami dan istri. Prinsip ini mengikuti alur pikir bahwa suami adalah pencari rezeki, sedangkan istri bukan pencari rezeki. Pemahaman istri bekerja atau wanita karier yang harus digantungkan kepada izin suami itu perlu dibaca ulang atau ditinjau kembali karena ulama tidak menyebutkan dalil yang jelas tentang hal itu. Dan juga tidak adanya dalil yang melarang, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, untuk bekerja serta tidak ada dalil yang tegas tentang keharusan bekerja dengan izin suami. Begitu juga banyaknya fakta sejarah yang mengungkapkan wanita-wanita yang bekerja atau wanita karier di masa Nabi, seperti ‘Â’ishah, Ummu Mubâshir, dan lain-lain.Kata Kunci: nafkah, wanita karier, nusyu (nushûz)DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v13i2.933
ربا القرض في المعاملات المعاصرة في ميزان الإقتصاد الإسلامي Daud Rasyid; Aisyah Daud Rasyid
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 17, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v17i2.6235

Abstract

Borrowing is a transaction that has been taking place from the earliest human civilisation. Islam encourages its followers to lend others who need it and promises big reward. Islam prohibits any exploitation of people in difficulty by asking for more than what has been borrowed, in any form, either in the form of additional money or in services. In current modern era, someone cannot escape from Bank as an institution that provides a product of lending money to their customers. However, the compensation of the loan is the Bank requires additional payment in some percentage on top of the capital that being borrowed as per defined in the loan agreement when customer pay off the loan, either paying with cash or instalment. The Bank will apply a charge to the borrower when the repayment of the instalments or the pay off is overdue. There are also additional charges such as administration fee that is charged to the customers. DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v17i2.6235
KEDUDUKAN DAN JUMLAH MAHAR DI NEGARA MUSLIM Qodariah Barkah
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1286

Abstract

The Position and Number of Dowries in Muslim Countries. The dowry has a significant role in a marriage. The obligation of the husband to provide a dowry for wife has led to various interpretations by mufassirand jurists. The Qur’an uses the term dowry gift accompanied with the words ma’rûf. Currently, various Muslim countries that have undertaken family law reform have included a dowry as one of the objects of the problem that must be given rules in detail, so that if in future there is a problem in the household and has been linked with the dowry then the matter can be settled by a judge.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1286
Nilai Etis Risiko dalam Investasi “Mudharâbah” yang Dilakukan Bank Islam Menuju Penanganan Fikih Perbankan (المخاطر الأخلاقية في المضاربة التي تجريها المصارف الإسلامية رؤية لمعالجة فقهية مصرفية ) Hamzah Abdul Karim Hamad
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 12, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.989

Abstract

Abstract: Ethical Values of Risk In Investing In “Mudharâbah” undertaken by Islamic Banks, towards the handling of Fiqh  Banking. This study aims at determining the risk in the behavior of speculation, the role of Islamic doctrine to alleviate and decrease the consequences and show the banking tools to alleviate them. The results of the study show some treatment of Islamic doctrine to decrease risks that originate from the results of speculation. The study shows that Islamic banking can control speculators using all methods, yet it is disallowed to speculate on the speculator’s profit for reasons that are shown in the context of the study. Also, the study also shows other means to alleviate these risks.Keywords:  ethical values risk, mudharâbah, investment, Islamic banks.Abstrak: Nilai Etis Risiko dalam Investasi “Mudharâbah” yang Dilakukan Bank Islam Menuju Penanganan  Fikih Perbankan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan risiko dalam perilaku spekulasi, peran doktrin Islam untuk meringankan dan mengurangi konsekuensi dan menunjukkan alat perbankan untuk meringankannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada beberapa perlakuan ajaran Islam dalam mengurangi risiko yang berasal dari  hasil spekulasi. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa boleh mengontrol spekulan dengan menggunakan semua cara, namun tidak diizinkan untuk berspekulasi pada laba obligator spekulan sebagai alasan yang ditampilkan dalam konteks penelitian. Studi ini juga menunjukkan tentang cara lain untuk meringankan risiko ini.Kata Kunci: etika nilai risiko, mudharâbah, investasi, bank IslamDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.989
The Implementation of Shari’a in Aceh: Between the Ideal and Factual Achievements Muhammad Amin Suma; Ridwan Nurdin; Irfan Khairul Umam
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 20, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v20i1.14704

Abstract

Aceh becomes the only region in Indonesia, where Islamic law is formally implemented. This paper aims at discussing the implementation of shari’a in Aceh, to compare between its ideal and factual achievements. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, data is obtained from interviews with the chairperson of Ulama’s Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama), head of Shari’a Office (Dinas Syariah), scholars, and community leaders. Apart from that, an observation was undertaken to record the process of whipping punishment. This study finds out that shari’a implementation in Aceh has been sufficiently supported by shari’a institutions (MPU and Shari’a Office), religious figures, community, and available punishment execution for the violators. However, some aspects need to be improved, especially those that are related to the role of other law enforcers such as police, prosecutors, and judges; and sustainable socialization.  AbstrakAceh menjadi satu-satunya provinsi di Indonesia yang menerapkan syariat Islam secara formal. Penelitian ini  mengkaji penerapan syariah di Aceh dengan membandingkan antara yang ideal sebagaimana diharapkan dan yang faktual. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan sosio-legal, data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama, Dinas Syariah, akademisi, dan tokoh masyarakat. Selain itu, observasi dilakukan untuk melihat pelaksanaan hukuman cambuk.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi syariah di Aceh sudah didukung dengan institusi syariah (MPU dan Dinas Syariah), dan tokoh agama, masyarakat. Adanya eksekusi bagi pelanggar hukum menguatkan pelaksanaa syariah di daerah itu. Akan tetapi, ada pula aspek-aspek yang perlu ditingkatkan, yaitu peran penegak hukum seperti polisi, jaksa, hakim, dan juga keberlangsungan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat.
Epistemologi Hukum Fatwa MUI Kabupaten Lebak tentang Berboncengan dengan Selain Muhrim H. B. Syafuri
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 16, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4451

Abstract

The Legal Epistemology of Fatwa of MUI Lebak about Getting a Ride (Berboncengan) with Non- Mahram. The method of Islamic lawmaking (istinbath) is the study of the basic sources and the methods of Mujtahids to produce Islamic law, either by using words (lafzh) or meaning approach. Istinbath method with lafzh approach is by searching statement (nash) in the Qur’an and Hadith and using rules of ushûliyyah. On the other hand, istinbath method with meaning approach is by searching legal purposes (maqasid al-shari’ah) and using qiyas. Riding together between men and women not mahram in Islam according to MUI Lebak is forbidden (haram) based on the Qur’an Surah al-Nur verses 30-31 and Surah al-Isra verse 32, Hadith No. Muslim 1280, and sadd al-dzari’ah.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4451
Mengungkap Istilah-istilah Khusus dalam Tiga Rumpun Kitab Fikih Shāfi‘īyyah Fuad Thohari
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 13, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v13i1.957

Abstract

Abstract: Describing the Specific Terms in the Three Shāfi‘iyyah Jurisprudence Books. There are at least three kategories of Shāfi‘iyyah books that are widely used, especially in  pesantren as well as Islamic Universities, namely: the book of Muḥarrar  written by Imām Rāfi‘ī (d. 623 AD H./1226), Taqrīb book (Mukhtaṣar) by Abū Shujā' (d. 593 AH), and Qurrah al-‘Aynī, written by  Zayn al-Dīn al-Malībarī (d. 987 AD H./1579). In  Shafiite  jurisprudence, it is found many specific terms  that  related to self-author initials, fatwā maker (muftī), writer, or commentator, either in the form of name, title, life history (biography). Knowing those specific terms, will provide a significant contribution in understanding any statement expressed by the author. Thus, will erase misinterpretation of the reader and the reviewer.Keywords: jurisprudence Shāfi‘iyyah, Muharrar, Taqrīb, Qurrah al-AynīAbstrak: Mengungkap Istilah-istilah Khusus dalam Tiga Rumpun Kitab Fikih Shāfi‘īyyah. Setidaknya ada tiga rumpun kitab fikih mazhab Shāfi‘ī yang banyak digunakan, terutama dalam tradisi pesantren Indonesia, tidak terkecuali di Perguruan Tinggi Islam yaitu: kitab Muharrar karangan Imām Rāfi‘ī (w. 623 H./1226 M.), kitab Taqrīb (Mukhtaṣar) karya Abū Shujā’ (w. 593 H.), dan Qurrah al-’Aynī ditulis Zayn al-Dīn al-Malībārī (w. 987 H./1579 M.). Dalam kitab fikih Shāfi‘īyyah banyak didapati istilah-istilah khusus, yang berhubungan dengan inisial diri pengarang, pembuat fatwa (muftī), penulis atau komentator, baik berupa nama, gelar, sejarah hidupnya (biografinya), dan sebagainya. Penguasaan istilah-istilah khusus semacam ini akan memberi kontribusi besar dalam memahami setiap statemen yang dikehendaki pengarang yang pada akhirnya pembaca dan pengkaji kitab fikih terhindar dari kesalahan interpretasi.Kata Kunci: fikih Shāfi‘iyyah, Muharrar, Taqrīb, Qurrah al-Aynī
Arrangement Investment-Based Insurance with Sharia Principles Post Enactment Law of Number 40 Year 2014 Concerning Insurance Wetria Fauzi
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v18i2.6852

Abstract

Indonesia's legal system comes from civil law brought by the Dutch royal government to Indonesia during the colonial period. Civil law can be traced its roots to French civil law to Roman law. Insurance is equated with gambling The concept of insurance in insurance legislation states that insurance is a risk transfer institution. Despite the Law No. 40 of 2014 on Insurance, the law is still conceptualize insurance as an institution of protection. This new insurance law is a dual insurance system, which regulates conventional and sharia insurance systems. It needs to be initiated The Formation of Special Law regulates sharia insurance in Indonesia, because conventional and sharia are two very different things in principle. 

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