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Jaksa: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik
Published by Universitas Sains Dan Teknologi Komputer
ISSN : 29887747     EISSN : 29885140     DOI : 10.51903
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Sub Rumpun ILMU POLITIK 1 Ilmu Politik 2 Kriminologi 3 Hubungan Internasional 4 Ilmu Administrasi (Niaga, Negara, Publik, Pembangunan, Dll) 5 Kriminologi 6 Ilmu Hukum 7 Ilmu Pemerintahan 8 Ilmu Sosial dan Politik 9 Studi Pembangunan (Perencanaan Pembangunan, Wilayah, Kota) 10 Ketahanan Nasional 11 Ilmu Kepolisian 12 Kebijakan Publik 13 Bidang Ilmu Politik Lain Yang Belum Tercantum Sub Rumpun ILMU SOSIAL 1 Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 2 Sosiologi 3 Humaniora 3 4 Kajian Wilayah (Eropa, Asia, Jepang, Timur Tengah Dll) 5 Arkeologi 6 Ilmu Sosiatri 7 Kependudukan (Demografi, dan Ilmu Kependudukan Lain) 8 Sejarah (Ilmu Sejarah) 9 Kajian Budaya 10 Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam 11 Ilmu Komunikasi 12 Antropologi 13 Bidang Sosial Lain Yang Belum Tercantum
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 195 Documents
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Ketika Jalanan Bicara: Gerakan Protes 2025 di ASEAN dan Nepal dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional dan Geopolitik Alfianty Dara
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/az1gqz96

Abstract

The wave of social protests that swept across Asia in 2025 represents a new dynamic in the relationship between the state, citizens, and international law. This study analyzes protest movements in five countries—Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Timor-Leste, and Nepal focusing on the extent to which government responses align with the principles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and their connection to regional geopolitical dynamics. Employing a comparative qualitative approach within a juridical, sociological, and geopolitical framework, the research assesses each country’s level of compliance with ICCPR Articles 19 and 21 using the UN Human Rights Committee’s General Comment No. 37 as the analytical reference, and a three-level compliance scale (high, moderate, low). Data were derived from international organization reports, global media sources, and legal documents. The findings indicate that the 2025 Asian protests were driven by a combination of economic inequality, political corruption, and restrictions on freedom of expression. Indonesia and Nepal exhibited high levels of repression, while Timor-Leste demonstrated a more open model of social dialogue. From a geopolitical perspective, transnational solidarity emerged through digital campaigns and cross-border activist networks, reflecting the rise of digital resistance in Asia. The study concludes that state legitimacy in the region is increasingly tested not only by domestic stability but also by the capacity to uphold international norms amid shifting global power structures and digital transformations.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai dengan Menggunakan Persepektif Publik Digital dalam Kerangka Public Value Ferdian Al Ghifari Ganda Hutama; Annur Muhammad Rizki; Fadjar Tri Sakti
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/vcjgky02

Abstract

The policy to increase the Value Added Tax (VAT) rate to 12%, as stipulated in Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations, has generated diverse public responses, particularly regarding its impact on purchasing power, fiscal fairness, and policy legitimacy. This study aims to analyze public perceptions of the 12% VAT policy and assess the formation of public value using the Public Value framework. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with concurrent triangulation, combining quantitative sentiment analysis with qualitative content analysis of secondary data derived from public comments on Instagram. The findings indicate that public perception is predominantly negative, reflecting a low level of perceived policy value. Qualitative analysis further reveals that the VAT 12% policy is perceived as weak across the three dimensions of Public Value: policy benefits (value), legitimacy and public support (legitimacy and support), and governmental operational capacity (operational capabilities). The study concludes that the success of fiscal policy depends not only on legal validity and revenue objectives but also on the government’s ability to deliver tangible benefits, secure social legitimacy, and ensure effective implementation. Accordingly, this research recommends strengthening policy communication strategies, enhancing transparency and public participation, and improving economic mitigation mechanisms to increase public value and societal acceptance of the VAT 12% policy
Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Produk Makanan yang Mengandung Bahan Berbahaya Apri Amalia; Sindi Sindi; Zarieva Yousif; Malika Ramadhani; Sandi Almirah Putri; Nadia Surati Annisa; Daniel Syahputra
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/6mqwdj28

Abstract

The circulation of food products containing hazardous chemical substances remains a serious issue in consumer protection efforts in Indonesia. This condition poses significant risks to public health and indicates that food safety regulations have not yet been fully effective. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for consumers, the liability of business actors for consumer losses, and the role of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in supervising and enforcing against the distribution of food products containing hazardous chemical substances. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, conducted through a literature review of primary, secondary, and supporting legal materials. The results show that consumer protection is comprehensively regulated by Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 18 of 2012 on Food, and relevant BPOM regulations. Business actors are strictly liable for consumer losses and may face civil, administrative, and criminal sanctions. BPOM plays a strategic role in supervision and enforcement; however, it still faces various challenges in practical implementation. Therefore, strengthening supervision, ensuring consistent law enforcement, and increasing legal awareness among business actors and consumers are necessary to achieve effective consumer protection.
Analisis Pemenuhan Asas Keterbukaan Dalam Perubahan UU TNI 2025 Wahidil Atma; Arif Wibowo
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/6rjyva79

Abstract

This research aims to critically analyze the fulfillment of the principle of openness in the formation and substantive content of Law Number 12 of 2025 concerning Amendments to Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian National Armed Forces (2025 TNI Law). The principle of openness is a crucial pillar of a democratic constitutional state, ensuring accountability in the defense sector. The research method employed is normative legal research, with a statutory, conceptual, and historical approach. The results indicate that the legislative process for the 2025 TNI Law did not fully meet the standards for meaningful participation. Although formal access was provided, the substantial involvement of civil society groups and independent legal experts remained severely limited, thereby obscuring the rights to be heard and to be explained. Substantively, there are normative ambiguities regarding the regulation of state secrets and the expansion of civilian positions for active military officers, which may lead to overlapping authorities and reduced government transparency. The lack of clarity in information classification criteria within this law risks reviving a culture of impunity under the pretext of security and stability. This study concludes that the 2025 TNI Law requires further synchronization with the Law on Public Information Disclosure. It is recommended to establish implementing regulations that limitively define the boundaries of state secrets and to strengthen external oversight mechanisms by independent institutions to ensure that the strengthening of military institutions remains aligned with the principles of civilian supremacy and budgetary transparency.
Perlindungan Hukum Pemilik Sertipikat Lama Dalam Transformasi Digital Badan Pertanahan Nasional Arif Fathu Rohman; Muhammad Fadli
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): APRIL: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik (JAKSA)
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/c0g01e23

Abstract

This study examines the legal protection afforded to holders of conventional land certificates amid the digital transformation of land administration in Indonesia, particularly following the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency's implementation of electronic land documents. The study is motivated by continuing agrarian disputes, legal uncertainty, and public concerns regarding the security of digital land data, including risks of data alteration, administrative failure, and cyber intrusion. Using a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and related legal materials concerning land registration and electronic certification. The findings indicate that conventional land certificates remain legally valid and retain evidentiary force during the transition to electronic certification. However, the transition has not yet been supported by fully coherent legal and administrative safeguards, particularly regarding historical data accuracy, system reliability, and protection against digital vulnerabilities. This condition creates a degree of legal uncertainty for owners of older certificates, especially those with limited access to information and digital services. The study concludes that stronger legal protection requires not only regulatory harmonization but also gradual implementation, institutional readiness, data security assurance, and broader public legal education to ensure that digital transformation in land administration promotes legal certainty, justice, and equitable access for all land rights holders.
Smart Regulation For Resolving Administrative Disputes Within The Digital Public Service Ecosystem Rafiq Pradana Wicaksono; Tessa Andini Prameswari
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/bd0g1c19

Abstract

The digitalization of public services in Indonesia is a major step towards efficiency, but it has also led to administrative misunderstandings, caused by system errors, data inconsistencies, algorithmic bias, and non-transparent automated decisions. Existing regulations still rely on manual procedures and have not yet addressed issues related to digital data verification, algorithmic accountability, and digital objection mechanisms. The goal of this research is to develop adaptive, data-driven smart regulations that cater to the specific characteristics of digital disputes. By means of a doctrinal sociolegal qualitative approach and through an analysis of 15 national regulations, 8 digital dispute decisions, 10 Ombudsman reports, and also observations on three digital platforms, and finally, interviews with five informants, the research finds that the main reasons for disputes to arise are input errors, inaccurate cross-system verification, and the lack of digital objection channels. In contrast, most regulations do not include provisions on algorithmic transparency or system audit standards. The contribution and novelty of the study are linked to mapping the critical points of digital disputes and establishing a smart regulatory model that combines administrative law principles with automation mechanisms to increase the accountability of digital decisions, protect user rights, and improve the effectiveness of dispute resolution.
Legalitas Perampasan Aset Illicit Enrichment: Analisis Kekosongan Hukum Dalam Undang – Undang Tipikor Alvin Amadeus Jaya Mahendra; M Abd. Rohim; Rismalia Putri Anggraini
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): APRIL: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik (JAKSA)
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/mkh07x35

Abstract

Corruption is recognized as an extraordinary crime that undermines national foundations and hinders development. A major challenge in its eradication is the recovery of assets suspected to be derived from corruption but difficult to prove, known as illicit enrichment. This research aims to analyze the legality of illicit enrichment asset forfeiture and identify legal gaps within the Indonesian Anti-Corruption Law (UU Tipikor). The research employs a normative legal method with statutory and comparative approaches. The findings reveal a fundamental legal vacuum in UU Tipikor, as there are no explicit regulations on illicit enrichment, despite Indonesia's ratification of UNCAC. The current legal system remains heavily dependent on proving the predicate crime, which complicates law enforcement efforts to seize unexplained wealth. This study contributes to the development of criminal law, both theoretically and practically, by providing recommendations for the formulation of the Asset Forfeiture Bill (RUU Perampasan Aset). In conclusion, the enactment of the Asset Forfeiture Bill, which integrates concepts of illicit enrichment and Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCBAF), is a crucial step toward strengthening the legality of state asset recovery while maintaining human rights protections. 
Transformasi Kejahatan Digital dan Tantangan Penegakan Hukum dalam Era Kecerdasan Buatan dan Big Data Rizal Dwi Kurniawan; Bagas Pratama Wicaksono
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): APRIL: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik (JAKSA)
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/c6gm4503

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence and big data technologies has significantly transformed the landscape of digital crime, increasing both its scale and complexity. This study aims to analyze the evolving patterns of cybercrime and examine the gap between technological advancement and institutional readiness in addressing these threats. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using secondary data collected from global cybersecurity reports and relevant academic literature. The analysis was conducted through trend mapping and comparative interpretation to identify dominant crime types and their development patterns. The findings reveal that phishing remains the most prevalent form of cybercrime, accounting for approximately 38% of total incidents, followed by ransomware at 27% and data breaches at 21%. Meanwhile, AI-based fraud, although representing only 14%, exhibits the highest growth rate and complexity index, increasing by over 60% in recent years. The study also identifies a significant gap in law enforcement readiness, particularly in handling AI-driven crimes, which require advanced technical capabilities and longer investigation time. These results highlight that digital crime is evolving in a non-linear and exponential manner, driven by technological innovation and human vulnerability factors. The study contributes to the field of digital criminology by integrating crime trend analysis with institutional capacity perspectives. It emphasizes the need for adaptive policies, technological integration in law enforcement, and a multidisciplinary approach to effectively combat emerging cyber threats.
Dinamika Kebijakan Publik dalam Perlindungan Data Pribadi dan Implikasinya terhadap Hak Sosial Masyarakat Digital Yoga Saputra Hidayat; Ilham Maulana Firdaus
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): APRIL: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik (JAKSA)
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/6x6qed65

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital technology has significantly transformed how data is collected, processed, and utilized, raising critical concerns regarding personal data protection and its implications for social rights in digital societies. In Indonesia, the accelerated growth of digital services has not always been accompanied by adequate data protection mechanisms, leading to increasing risks of privacy violations and data breaches. This study aims to evaluate the quality of public policy on personal data protection and to analyze its implications for the protection of social rights in the digital society. The research employs a mixed-method policy evaluation approach that integrates normative legal analysis with empirical assessment using a multidimensional scoring model. The evaluated dimensions include legal substance, transparency, accountability, implementation, enforcement, supervision, public participation, and social protection. The results show that legal substance achieved the highest score of 80, followed by transparency (72) and accountability (70), while implementation (65), enforcement (60), and supervision (58) indicate weaker performance. Gap analysis reveals significant discrepancies between ideal and actual conditions, particularly in supervision and enforcement. Furthermore, the distribution of social impact shows that vulnerable groups (58), children and adolescents (60), and the elderly (55) receive lower levels of protection compared to general users (72) and business actors (78). These findings indicate that policy effectiveness remains uneven due to limitations in institutional capacity and implementation, highlighting the need for more inclusive and balanced data protection governance.
Transformasi Pola Kejahatan Siber Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan dan Implikasinya terhadap Efektivitas Sistem Penegakan Hukum Hendra Kurnia Wijaya; Farhan Aditya Saputra
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): APRIL: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik (JAKSA)
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/thv32p80

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital transformation has significantly reshaped the landscape of cybercrime, particularly through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which enhances the automation, scalability, and sophistication of cyber attacks. This study aims to analyze the transformation of AI-based cybercrime patterns and examine its implications for the effectiveness of law enforcement systems, especially in developing countries. A mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design was employed, combining quantitative analysis of global cybercrime datasets from 2018 to 2025 with qualitative insights from 25 experts, including law enforcement officers, cybersecurity analysts, and academics. The quantitative findings indicate that AI-driven phishing dominates cybercrime activities, reaching 35% in Asia and 32% in America, while deepfake fraud accounts for up to 30% in Europe. The average investigation time for AI-based cybercrime increased from 60 days in 2018 to 180 days in 2025, three times longer than traditional cases. Meanwhile, conviction rates declined significantly, from 65% to 50% in Europe and from 58% to 42% in Asia. The study also reveals a widening technological gap, with AI adoption among offenders rising to 80% compared to 45% among law enforcement agencies in 2025. These findings highlight that the growing complexity of AI-based cybercrime directly reduces the effectiveness of law enforcement due to limitations in digital forensic capacity, regulatory adaptation, and cross-border coordination. This study contributes by integrating technological transformation analysis with institutional performance evaluation, offering a comprehensive perspective on cybercrime and law enforcement dynamics in the AI era.

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