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INDONESIA
Jaksa: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik
ISSN : 29887747     EISSN : 29885140     DOI : 10.51903
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Sub Rumpun ILMU POLITIK 1 Ilmu Politik 2 Kriminologi 3 Hubungan Internasional 4 Ilmu Administrasi (Niaga, Negara, Publik, Pembangunan, Dll) 5 Kriminologi 6 Ilmu Hukum 7 Ilmu Pemerintahan 8 Ilmu Sosial dan Politik 9 Studi Pembangunan (Perencanaan Pembangunan, Wilayah, Kota) 10 Ketahanan Nasional 11 Ilmu Kepolisian 12 Kebijakan Publik 13 Bidang Ilmu Politik Lain Yang Belum Tercantum Sub Rumpun ILMU SOSIAL 1 Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 2 Sosiologi 3 Humaniora 3 4 Kajian Wilayah (Eropa, Asia, Jepang, Timur Tengah Dll) 5 Arkeologi 6 Ilmu Sosiatri 7 Kependudukan (Demografi, dan Ilmu Kependudukan Lain) 8 Sejarah (Ilmu Sejarah) 9 Kajian Budaya 10 Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam 11 Ilmu Komunikasi 12 Antropologi 13 Bidang Sosial Lain Yang Belum Tercantum
Articles 187 Documents
Ketika Jalanan Bicara: Gerakan Protes 2025 di ASEAN dan Nepal dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional dan Geopolitik Dara, Alfianty
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/az1gqz96

Abstract

The wave of social protests that swept across Asia in 2025 represents a new dynamic in the relationship between the state, citizens, and international law. This study analyzes protest movements in five countries—Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Timor-Leste, and Nepal focusing on the extent to which government responses align with the principles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and their connection to regional geopolitical dynamics. Employing a comparative qualitative approach within a juridical, sociological, and geopolitical framework, the research assesses each country’s level of compliance with ICCPR Articles 19 and 21 using the UN Human Rights Committee’s General Comment No. 37 as the analytical reference, and a three-level compliance scale (high, moderate, low). Data were derived from international organization reports, global media sources, and legal documents. The findings indicate that the 2025 Asian protests were driven by a combination of economic inequality, political corruption, and restrictions on freedom of expression. Indonesia and Nepal exhibited high levels of repression, while Timor-Leste demonstrated a more open model of social dialogue. From a geopolitical perspective, transnational solidarity emerged through digital campaigns and cross-border activist networks, reflecting the rise of digital resistance in Asia. The study concludes that state legitimacy in the region is increasingly tested not only by domestic stability but also by the capacity to uphold international norms amid shifting global power structures and digital transformations.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai dengan Menggunakan Persepektif Publik Digital dalam Kerangka Public Value Hutama, Ferdian Al Ghifari Ganda; Rizki, Annur Muhammad; Sakti, Fadjar Tri
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/vcjgky02

Abstract

The policy to increase the Value Added Tax (VAT) rate to 12%, as stipulated in Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations, has generated diverse public responses, particularly regarding its impact on purchasing power, fiscal fairness, and policy legitimacy. This study aims to analyze public perceptions of the 12% VAT policy and assess the formation of public value using the Public Value framework. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with concurrent triangulation, combining quantitative sentiment analysis with qualitative content analysis of secondary data derived from public comments on Instagram. The findings indicate that public perception is predominantly negative, reflecting a low level of perceived policy value. Qualitative analysis further reveals that the VAT 12% policy is perceived as weak across the three dimensions of Public Value: policy benefits (value), legitimacy and public support (legitimacy and support), and governmental operational capacity (operational capabilities). The study concludes that the success of fiscal policy depends not only on legal validity and revenue objectives but also on the government’s ability to deliver tangible benefits, secure social legitimacy, and ensure effective implementation. Accordingly, this research recommends strengthening policy communication strategies, enhancing transparency and public participation, and improving economic mitigation mechanisms to increase public value and societal acceptance of the VAT 12% policy
Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Produk Makanan yang Mengandung Bahan Berbahaya Amalia, Apri; Sindi, Sindi; Yousif, Zarieva; Ramadhani, Malika; Putri, Sandi Almirah; Annisa, Nadia Surati; Syahputra, Daniel
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/6mqwdj28

Abstract

The circulation of food products containing hazardous chemical substances remains a serious issue in consumer protection efforts in Indonesia. This condition poses significant risks to public health and indicates that food safety regulations have not yet been fully effective. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for consumers, the liability of business actors for consumer losses, and the role of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in supervising and enforcing against the distribution of food products containing hazardous chemical substances. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, conducted through a literature review of primary, secondary, and supporting legal materials. The results show that consumer protection is comprehensively regulated by Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 18 of 2012 on Food, and relevant BPOM regulations. Business actors are strictly liable for consumer losses and may face civil, administrative, and criminal sanctions. BPOM plays a strategic role in supervision and enforcement; however, it still faces various challenges in practical implementation. Therefore, strengthening supervision, ensuring consistent law enforcement, and increasing legal awareness among business actors and consumers are necessary to achieve effective consumer protection.
Analisis Pemenuhan Asas Keterbukaan Dalam Perubahan UU TNI 2025 Atma, Wahidil; Wibowo, Arif
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/6rjyva79

Abstract

This research aims to critically analyze the fulfillment of the principle of openness in the formation and substantive content of Law Number 12 of 2025 concerning Amendments to Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian National Armed Forces (2025 TNI Law). The principle of openness is a crucial pillar of a democratic constitutional state, ensuring accountability in the defense sector. The research method employed is normative legal research, with a statutory, conceptual, and historical approach. The results indicate that the legislative process for the 2025 TNI Law did not fully meet the standards for meaningful participation. Although formal access was provided, the substantial involvement of civil society groups and independent legal experts remained severely limited, thereby obscuring the rights to be heard and to be explained. Substantively, there are normative ambiguities regarding the regulation of state secrets and the expansion of civilian positions for active military officers, which may lead to overlapping authorities and reduced government transparency. The lack of clarity in information classification criteria within this law risks reviving a culture of impunity under the pretext of security and stability. This study concludes that the 2025 TNI Law requires further synchronization with the Law on Public Information Disclosure. It is recommended to establish implementing regulations that limitively define the boundaries of state secrets and to strengthen external oversight mechanisms by independent institutions to ensure that the strengthening of military institutions remains aligned with the principles of civilian supremacy and budgetary transparency.
Perlindungan Hukum Pemilik Sertipikat Lama Dalam Transformasi Digital Badan Pertanahan Nasional Arif Fathu Rohman; Muhammad Fadli
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): APRIL: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik (JAKSA)
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/c0g01e23

Abstract

This study examines the legal protection afforded to holders of conventional land certificates amid the digital transformation of land administration in Indonesia, particularly following the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency's implementation of electronic land documents. The study is motivated by continuing agrarian disputes, legal uncertainty, and public concerns regarding the security of digital land data, including risks of data alteration, administrative failure, and cyber intrusion. Using a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and related legal materials concerning land registration and electronic certification. The findings indicate that conventional land certificates remain legally valid and retain evidentiary force during the transition to electronic certification. However, the transition has not yet been supported by fully coherent legal and administrative safeguards, particularly regarding historical data accuracy, system reliability, and protection against digital vulnerabilities. This condition creates a degree of legal uncertainty for owners of older certificates, especially those with limited access to information and digital services. The study concludes that stronger legal protection requires not only regulatory harmonization but also gradual implementation, institutional readiness, data security assurance, and broader public legal education to ensure that digital transformation in land administration promotes legal certainty, justice, and equitable access for all land rights holders.
Smart Regulation For Resolving Administrative Disputes Within The Digital Public Service Ecosystem Rafiq Pradana Wicaksono; Tessa Andini Prameswari
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/bd0g1c19

Abstract

The digitalization of public services in Indonesia is a major step towards efficiency, but it has also led to administrative misunderstandings, caused by system errors, data inconsistencies, algorithmic bias, and non-transparent automated decisions. Existing regulations still rely on manual procedures and have not yet addressed issues related to digital data verification, algorithmic accountability, and digital objection mechanisms. The goal of this research is to develop adaptive, data-driven smart regulations that cater to the specific characteristics of digital disputes. By means of a doctrinal sociolegal qualitative approach and through an analysis of 15 national regulations, 8 digital dispute decisions, 10 Ombudsman reports, and also observations on three digital platforms, and finally, interviews with five informants, the research finds that the main reasons for disputes to arise are input errors, inaccurate cross-system verification, and the lack of digital objection channels. In contrast, most regulations do not include provisions on algorithmic transparency or system audit standards. The contribution and novelty of the study are linked to mapping the critical points of digital disputes and establishing a smart regulatory model that combines administrative law principles with automation mechanisms to increase the accountability of digital decisions, protect user rights, and improve the effectiveness of dispute resolution.
Legalitas Perampasan Aset Illicit Enrichment: Analisis Kekosongan Hukum Dalam Undang – Undang Tipikor Mahendra, Alvin Amadeus Jaya; Rohim, M Abd.; Anggraini, Rismalia Putri
Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): APRIL: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik (JAKSA)
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/mkh07x35

Abstract

Corruption is recognized as an extraordinary crime that undermines national foundations and hinders development. A major challenge in its eradication is the recovery of assets suspected to be derived from corruption but difficult to prove, known as illicit enrichment. This research aims to analyze the legality of illicit enrichment asset forfeiture and identify legal gaps within the Indonesian Anti-Corruption Law (UU Tipikor). The research employs a normative legal method with statutory and comparative approaches. The findings reveal a fundamental legal vacuum in UU Tipikor, as there are no explicit regulations on illicit enrichment, despite Indonesia's ratification of UNCAC. The current legal system remains heavily dependent on proving the predicate crime, which complicates law enforcement efforts to seize unexplained wealth. This study contributes to the development of criminal law, both theoretically and practically, by providing recommendations for the formulation of the Asset Forfeiture Bill (RUU Perampasan Aset). In conclusion, the enactment of the Asset Forfeiture Bill, which integrates concepts of illicit enrichment and Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCBAF), is a crucial step toward strengthening the legality of state asset recovery while maintaining human rights protections.