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H Hadiyanto
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hadiyanto@che.undip.ac.id
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ijred@live.undip.ac.id
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CBIORE office, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH-Tembalang Semarang
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INDONESIA
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Articles 761 Documents
Geopolitical risk, renewable energy transition and policy response: evidence from the BRICS economies Zwane, Talent Thebe; Ogunsola, Akindele John
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61693

Abstract

This paper empirically examines the dynamic interplay between geopolitical risk, renewable energy transitions, and policy responses within the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) economies spanning the period from 1990 to 2023, thus addressing the pressing challenge of harmonizing the energy security priorities with the imperative for sustainable economic growth. Employing cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag and Bayesian structural vector autoregression methodologies for a comprehensive analysis of short-run and long-run dynamics among variables, the findings show a significant negative relationship between geopolitical risks and the adoption and investment in renewable energy sources. Correspondingly, economic policy uncertainties are observed to spur renewable energy consumption under specific economic circumstances characterized by effective policy frameworks; however, policy uncertainties pose a hindrance to renewable energy investment. Furthermore, the study highlights that exchange rate fluctuations have a significant positive impact on renewable investment decisions, whereas demographic pressures stemming from population growth tend to impede energy transition processes. The response strategies to geopolitical shocks underscore the crucial nexus between policy formulation and stability, which collectively mold energy-related outcomes. The central policy recommendation emanating from this study emphasizes the significance of concerted cooperation among the BRICS nations, including measures such as shared supply-chain assurances, regional financing mechanisms, and harmonized regulatory regimes to alleviate barriers associated with geopolitical risks in the transition to renewable energy sources. Finally, the direct applicability of the results pertains to the unique context of the BRICS bloc, which is due to their specific trade dynamics, technological dependencies, and exposure to commodities. 
Methodology for the selection and optimal sizing of standalone PV/Wind energy systems with battery storage under resource availability constraints Guétinsom Jean Kafando; Daniel Yamegueu Nguewo; Sani Moussa Kadri
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61740

Abstract

Access to electricity remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in rural areas where grid extension is often costly and unviable. Standalone photovoltaic (PV) and/or wind power systems with battery storage represent a promising solution, yet they still face technical and economic barriers, especially related to sizing and storage costs. This paper proposes an innovative methodology for the selection and optimal sizing of such systems, integrating a predictive battery aging model based on the analysis of real charge/discharge cycles using the Rainflow algorithm and Miner’s rule. The methodology relies on four main techno-economic performance indicators: the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP), the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), the Capacity Factor (CF) of a wind turbine, and the Weighted Index of Complementarity and Productivity (WICP). It accounts for available resources, the user’s hourly consumption profile, and local climatic conditions. The methodology is applied to a rural site in Nagréongo, Burkina Faso. The results show that only a PV/battery system is technically and economically viable, while wind and hybrid configurations are excluded due to low wind potential, as indicated by CF and WICP values below acceptable thresholds. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the optimal system configuration strongly depends on the hourly consumption profile, even for identical daily energy demands. Finally, comparison with the classical intuitive sizing method and the widely used HOMER Pro software shows that the proposed approach reduces the LCOE by more than 50% and about 20%, respectively, by accurately accounting for real battery aging, demand variability, and system idle periods.
Optimization of energy efficiency and purge strategy of an open-cathode PEMFC stack with a dead-end anode configuration Tan-Thich Do; Trung-Kien Vi; Phuoc-Dong Doan
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62153

Abstract

Nowadays, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are acknowledged as promising energy solutions toward reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 due to their highlighted properties, such as high energy efficiency, high power density, low operating temperature, fast start-up, and zero emissions. To enhance electrochemical reactions and improve hydrogen utilization, the dead-end anode (DEA) configuration was employed to investigate the voltage and energy efficiency of an open-cathode PEMFC stack (100 W-20 cells) at optimal fan speed under varying purge intervals and operating current load levels with the step-by-step method. The hydrogen purge operation optimization was proposed by fitting experimental data and deriving the governing equation, considering voltage stability and hydrogen consumption. The results show that when the operating current and purge interval increased, the stack voltage decreased owing to impurities, water, and nitrogen buildup in the flow field anode channel. At optimal purge intervals of 540, 360, 280, and 60 s, the energy efficiency was achieved at 45.55%, 45.31%, 43.11%, and 35.05%, respectively. Compared to a previous study, these values represent increases of 25.22%, 12.91%, 9.15%, and 2.09% for operating currents of 1, 3, 5, and 8 A, respectively. These improvements were achieved by optimizing the fan speed, purge interval, and microcontroller unit power consumption. At a low load level of 1 A, the voltage decay rate decreased from 0.45 mV s−1 to 0.07 mV s−1, allowing for stable cell performance and higher hydrogen utilization at longer purging intervals. However, at higher load levels, both the voltage change of the stack and the voltage decay rate of the stack increased significantly compared to the 1 A case, with a steeper slope corresponding to higher current levels. This indicated that at higher reaction rates, the amount of water generated from the oxygen reduction reaction increases significantly. Consequently, the back diffusion phenomenon from the cathode to the anode, along with nitrogen buildup, leads to adverse conditions such as anode channel flooding and fuel starvation. This study provides meaningful insights into optimizing the energy efficiency of open-cathode PEMFC stacks across various load levels and purge operations.
Electrospun PVA/CQD nanofiber–coated carbon anode for high–performance microbial fuel cells: A comparative study Firman Ridwan; Muhammad Restu Raimon; Dean Bilalwa Agusto; Wismalqi Wismalqi; Feskaharny Alamsjah
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61677

Abstract

This study details the development of a high-performance microbial fuel cell (MFC) utilizing a nanofiber-coated carbon anode, fabricated through the electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) integrated with carbon quantum dots (CQDs). A dual-chamber H-type MFC, with a working volume of 50 mL for both anode and cathode compartments, was operated in batch mode using sterilized sugarcane juice, adjusted to a pH of 7.0, as the organic substrate. Two electrogenic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, were separately immobilized within the PVA/CQD nanofiber matrix to assess their electrochemical performance. Structural and chemical characterizations using SEM, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of CQDs and effective bacterial colonization within the nanofiber network. Electrochemical studies, such as CV and EIS, indicated low charge transfer resistance and improved electron kinetics especially when B. subtilis was present and an Rct of about 400 ohms. MFCs based on B. subtilis reached a maximum power density of 1754 mW/m² on day four of operation at a fixed external resistance of 100 0 and the electrode surface area of 9.45 cm², about 3.5 times greater than the power density obtained with E. coli (491 mW/m²). This has been due to the high performance of B. subtilis which can form a robust conductive biofilm, releases endogenous redox mediators, and has the ability to metabolize sugar rich substrates efficiently. These findings underscore the potential of PVA/CQD nanofiber-coated carbon anodes as an effective strategy for enhancing MFC performance and provide a promising foundation for future optimization and scale-up toward sustainable energy generation from organic waste at the laboratory level.
Development of an isothermal CO2 absorption process using DMC and PEG400 for carbon capture and storage technology Qouli, Ferdiansyah Iqbil; Sahiba, Iqlima Huda; Ningrum, Yuli Rahmawati Dwi Rahayu; Tetrisyanda, Rizky; Wibawa, Gede; Wahyudiono, Wahyudiono; Anugraha, Rendra Panca
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62097

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate a green binary solvent system based on dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) for physical CO2 absorption. Efficient and environmentally benign solvents are essential to support large-scale decarbonization efforts. The DMC–PEG400 system was formulated at molar ratios of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 to assess its absorption performance. Isothermal solubility experiments were performed at 303.15–323.15 K and 3–7 bar, complemented by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to elucidate the absorption mechanism. The FTIR spectra showed the emergence of characteristic CO2 vibrational bands without alterations to the solvent’s fingerprint region, confirming that CO₂ uptake proceeds through physical dissolution rather than chemical interaction. The DMC–PEG400 mixtures demonstrated clear temperature and pressure dependencies typical of physical solvents, with solubility decreasing at elevated temperatures and increasing proportionally with pressure. Among the tested formulations, the 1:3 molar ratio exhibited the highest absorption capacity, achieving 0.0606 mole CO₂/mole solution at 303.15 K and 7 bar. This performance arises from an optimal balance between interaction sites provided by PEG400 and the moderate viscosity needed to facilitate efficient CO2 diffusion. In contrast, the 1:4 mixture displayed reduced capacity due to excessive viscosity and limited free volume. Overall, the results highlight the promising potential of DMC–PEG400 mixtures, particularly at the 1:3 ratio, as tunable and sustainable physical solvents for CO₂ capture. Their favorable solubility behavior, stability, and benign chemical nature position them as viable candidates for next-generation carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies.
Impact of development and application of advanced technology on labor productivity and energy management efficiency in Vietnam Thi Thu Huong Tran; Bich Ngoc Nguyen
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62580

Abstract

Digital technology enhances labor productivity by automating repetitive tasks and improving data-driven decision-making, while simultaneously increasing energy management efficiency through smart monitoring and optimization systems. Therefore, this study examines the impact of advanced digital technology (proxied by internet penetration) on labor productivity and energy management efficiency in Vietnam using ARDL analysis of annual data from 1990 to 2024. The model includes internet penetration, GDP per person employed (labor productivity), renewable energy consumption, and GDP growth. ADF and PP tests confirm a mixed order of integration, I (0)/I (1), justifying the use of ARDL bounds testing. Descriptive analysis indicates rapid digitalization, with internet penetration increasing from 0% to 84.15%, alongside steady productivity growth, while renewable energy consumption exhibits a strong negative correlation with the time trend (r = -0.9855), suggesting a declining pattern. ARDL results reveal very high persistence in labor productivity (lagged coefficient = 0.9929, p < 0.001). GDP growth exerts significant short-run effects, whereas internet penetration shows a delayed impact, with an insignificant contemporaneous coefficient but a positive lagged effect. Long-run estimates suggest continued productivity momentum and positive contributions from digitalization and macroeconomic growth. However, the error correction term is positive and statistically insignificant (0.1681, p = 0.597), indicating the absence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship. Diagnostic tests confirm residual normality and homoscedasticity, while the Durbin–Watson statistic (1.5403) suggests mild positive autocorrelation. Overall, the findings highlight delayed productivity gains from digital infrastructure, emphasizing the need for complementary institutional and structural adjustments.
Economic growth and renewable energy consumption in Asia: Does good governance moderate the trade-off? Quyen Le Hoang Thuy To Nguyen; Thu Quang Anh Pham
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62444

Abstract

This study examines the trade-off between economic growth and renewable energy consumption in 31 Asian economies over the period 1996-2023, with a focus on the moderating role of governance quality. Using fixed-effects panel estimation, with country-clustered standard errors, we construct a multi-dimensional governance quality index based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The findings suggest that economic growth is associated with a statistically significant decline in the share of renewable energy consumption (β=-13.59, p<0.01). In semi-log terms, a 1% increase in GDP per capita is associated with a 0.136 percentage-point reduction in renewable energy consumption share, implying the presence of growth-induced fossil fuel dependence. However, the interaction term between growth and governance is positive and significant (β=1.73, p <0.05), indicating that stronger governance quality mitigates this adverse effect. Further analysis using an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) specification reveals a U-shaped relationship between income and renewable energy consumption. Sensitivity analysis using disaggregated governance indicators shows that government effectiveness and regulatory quality are the key institutional dimensions driving this moderating effect. Subsample analysis further uncovers significant heterogeneity across income groups. While the trade-off is prominent in lower-middle and upper-middle income economies, high-income countries exhibit a positive growth-renewable energy consumption nexus. The results remain robust when using lagged explanatory variables. This study contributes to the literature by providing cross-country evidence of a fossil lock-in effect in Asia and by identifying governance quality as a moderating institutional mechanism shaping the energy transition. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening institutional quality to align economic growth with renewable energy development in heterogeneous Asian contexts.
Development of hybrid COA-WCA multi-objective optimization of microgrid hybrid renewable energy system: A case study of Nusa Penida Ida Bagus Ketut Sugirianta; Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari; Wayan Gede Ariastina; Ida Bagus Alit Swamardika
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62158

Abstract

This study proposes a hybrid metaheuristic that combines the Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA) and the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) to improve multi-objective optimization of a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HRES) for Nusa Penida Island. Such islanded systems must balance investment cost, operational reliability, and renewable curtailment while facing stochastic weather and demand. The optimization therefore targets simultaneous minimization of cost of energy (COE), loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and dummy load (DL) as key indicators of affordability, adequacy, and energy-utilization efficiency. A sequential Hybrid COA–WCA framework is implemented using an annual time-series of electrical demand and local renewable-resource profiles. Candidate solutions encode the main HRES components, including photovoltaic generation, wind generation, battery storage, and conventional backup biodiesel generation, while respecting practical operating limits. Multi-objective optimization is handled using a weighted-sum formulation, subject to standard power-balance, component-operating, and reliability constraints. The proposed approach is benchmarked against standalone COA, WCA, and WOA under multiple uncertainty scenarios that perturb techno-economic parameters and resource–load conditions. The Hybrid COA–WCA achieved the lowest mean objective value (mean f = 0.87274; min = 0.82136; max = 0.92409) and the best final-iteration mean of 0.87258 compared with COA (0.87303), WCA (0.87367), and WOA (0.87756). The optimized design delivered COE = 1.388, LPSP = 0.03180, and DL = 6,609.025 on average across scenarios. Robustness analysis also indicates faster stabilization and the smallest end-of-run fluctuation range (0.82136–0.92409), confirming improved convergence stability relative to the benchmark algorithms. Overall, the Hybrid COA–WCA provides a stable and competitive optimization approach for HRES sizing under uncertainty, yielding consistently high-quality solutions that support planning and decision-making for island microgrids.
Economic Environmental Optimization in Multiple Renewable Energy Sources with Demand Response based on Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Li, Zhifeng; Zhang, Shuang
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61951

Abstract

The use of renewable energy sources in distribution networks results in considerable environmental and economic benefits, but it introduces challenges related to uncertainty, intermittency, and system stability. A complete multi-objective optimization model is developed that integrates renewable energy units, battery energy storage systems, electric vehicles, demand response programs, and hydro turbine units to solve these problems. The proposed methodology achieves cost savings and reduces carbon footprint while maintaining operational stability in the system. The optimization model includes full mathematical representations of all components including photovoltaic and wind generation systems and battery energy storage system state-of-charge dynamics and electric vehicle charging and discharging schedules and controllable hydro generation. A time-of-use demand response scheme is adopted to model demand flexibility which allows for load shifting and increased renewable utilization. The model is employed in a case study of 150 customers; the framework shows its efficiency through comparative simulations that evaluate performance under scenarios with demand response and without demand response. The results show that demand response reduces peak demand, improves storage coordination, and increases renewable integration. The demand response lowered costs to $6,300-$11,150 and emissions to 12,825-12,860 kg. The configuration of electrical vehicle and battery energy storage systems are combined to achieve peak shaving allowing customers to support the grid and the hydro turbine can provide effective back up power when the renewables are unavailable. The results indicate that coordinated optimization of renewables with storage and demand flexibility leads to improvements in cost-emission performance while enhancing sustainability and system resiliency.
CFD analysis of photovoltaic panel performance under variable weather conditions with natural and forced convective cooling Ayaz Aydin Abduljabbar; Manar Mohammed; Zahraa H. Mohammed Ali; Hussein Hayder Mohammed Ali; Furqan Haider Mohammed Ali; Timur Choban Khidir
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62339

Abstract

The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the influence of climatic conditions, particularly ambient temperature and relative humidity, on the thermal and electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and to evaluate the effectiveness of natural and forced convection cooling for both conventional and finned panel configurations. A multilevel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed using ANSYS Fluent 16.1 under realistic environmental conditions of Baghdad, Iraq. Two configurations were examined: a conventional flat panel and a modified panel equipped with longitudinal fins acting as a passive heat sink. Under both natural and forced convection, with an inlet air velocity of 1.5 m/s for forced cooling, the simulations took into account solar radiation, species transport to capture humidity effects, and the k–ω turbulence model. Under natural convection, the traditional panel attained a maximum surface temperature of 333.11 K with an electrical efficiency of 27.8%; forced convection lowered the temperature to 319.22 K and increased efficiency to 29.88% (7.5% improvement). Under natural cooling, the finned design lowered the temperature to 327.4 K, raising the efficiency to 28.66% (~3% increase). Under forced cooling, it further dropped to 315.5 K, reaching a maximum efficiency of 30.43%. This translates to advancements of 9.4% over the traditional natural cooling scenario and 6.17% over the finned natural cooling scenario. Yearly average results show that the finned design improves electrical efficiency by about 2% under natural convection and up to 6.53% under forced convection, whereas forced cooling of the conventional panel gives a 3.12% increase. The enhancement is primarily attributed to increased heat transfer surface area and improved convective mixing, particularly under natural convection where fin-induced vortices significantly enhance heat dissipation.

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