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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 709 Documents
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Hybrid WRF–SARIMA model to improve day-ahead wind speed forecast accuracy Bernabe, Maritza; Cadenas, Erasmo; Lopez-Espinoza, Erika; Campos-Amezcua, Rafael
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61746

Abstract

Accurate wind speed forecasts are critical for integrating wind energy into power grids, reducing imbalance costs in electricity markets, and optimizing wind farm operations. Day-ahead forecasts are typically generated using numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This work proposes a hybrid model for 24-hour wind speed forecasting, which combines the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model. The proposed model improves the accuracy of the WRF wind speed forecast through the SARIMA technique by identifying significant autocorrelations in the forecast errors. The study was conducted in La Ventosa, Mexico, a region with significant development in the wind power sector. Wind speed data measured at heights of 17.5 m and 40 m were used during periods of low and high wind speeds. The model’s performance was evaluated using the metrics mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results showed that the hybrid WRF-SARIMA model outperformed the WRF model. Forecast errors for MAE were reduced between 29% and 45%, for MSE between 40% and 67%, and for RSME between 22% and 43%. The WRF-SARIMA leverages the benefits of physical NWP models while incorporating the interpretability and reduced computational cost of traditional statistical models. In this way, the proposed model improves wind speed forecast accuracy, especially in the operational contexts of wind energy management.
Effect of gurney flaps on the performance of a vertical axis wind turbine under icing condition Yu, Hexiang; Zheng, Zhehui; Yang, Pei
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61538

Abstract

To investigate the operational characteristics of a vertical-axis wind turbine equipped with Gurney flap blades in icy conditions, the study employs the pitching and sinking movements of an individual blade to replicate the cyclic oscillations experienced by a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) blade during rotation at a temperature of 265K. The aim is to analyze the icing pattern and assess the performance of the wind turbine with varying tip-speed ratios of Gurney flap blades. The findings indicate that as icing time increases, the vertical axis wind turbine experiences a significant decrease in output power. This is attributed to the formation of a leading-edge ice angle, which generates a leading-edge vortex and exacerbates flow separation, consequently reducing the wind turbine's torque coefficient. After 6 minutes of icing, the power coefficient decreases by up to 81%. Additionally, the Gurney flap blades develop ice accumulation on the flaps, which reduces their effectiveness in preventing flow separation. Specifically, when the tip speed ratio of the blade is 3.5, it is observed that the icing on the Gurney flap blades is less effective after 6 minutes compared to that on the VAWT. At a tip speed ratio of 3.5, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with Gurney flaps ceases to function properly after 6 minutes, leading to a decrease in output power to -0.012. However, within the tip speed range of 1.5 to 3, the Gurney flaps continue to serve as a means of flow control. They enhance the wind turbine's resistance to loss in icing conditions when compared to the original airfoil vertical axis wind turbine under similar operational circumstances.
Radiator-type solar heating system with phase change material for residential thermal comfort Quispe, Kléber Janampa; Balboa, Octavio Cerón; Morales, Oswaldo Morales; García, Julio Oré; Vilca, Hugo David Calderón
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61348

Abstract

This paper presents the design, construction, and experimental thermal evaluation of a modular solar heating system that integrates heat collection, storage, and emission into a single compact unit. The prototype consists of a flat-plate solar air collector directly coupled to a radiator-type thermal storage module. The central innovation lies in the use of paraffin as a phase change material (PCM), encapsulated in twelve finned aluminum tubes. This configuration enables the storage unit to function simultaneously as a passive heat exchanger, ensuring a uniform and sustained release of the accumulated energy. Experimental results, obtained under a solar irradiance of 950 W/m², showed that the air temperature at the collector outlet exceeded 70 °C. During the discharge phase, the indoor ambient temperature remained within the thermal comfort range (20.5 °C–23.6 °C) for up to six hours, maintaining a 3–4 °C temperature difference relative to the outdoor environment. The latent heat storage capacity of the PCM effectively mitigated indoor temperature fluctuations, contributing to stable comfort conditions. In conclusion, the proposed system represents a significant innovation in passive solar energy technology, integrating the functions of collector, accumulator, and radiator into a low-cost, easily replicable modular device. Its constructive simplicity and thermal efficiency position it as a viable and sustainable solution for residential heating in cold climates and rural or hard-to-reach areas with limited energy access.
Experimental and DFT investigation of LiFePO₄/graphene composites prepared via shear exfoliation route Amri, Amun; Mawaddah, Mawaddah; Alfatlian, Alfatlian; Sunarno, Sunarno; Murdiya, Fri; Assylzhan, Mazhibayev; Jumbri, Khairulazhar; Altarawneh, Mohammednoor; Yang, Chun-Chen; Saputro, Sulistyo; Rahman, M Mahbubur
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61976

Abstract

The performance of LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathodes was successfully enhanced by incorporating two types of graphene obtained through green and low-cost liquid shear exfoliation processes. Commercial LFP was combined with few-layer graphene (FLG) and very few-layer graphene (VFLG), with compositions ranging from 0-4 wt.%. LFP, LFP/FLG, and LFP/VFLG, were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), charge–discharge (CD), XRD, FTIR, and FESEM–EDX. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were further employed to probe the electronic structure of LFP and an idealized LFP(001)/pristine-graphene interface as a baseline model for interfacial electronic coupling. DFT indicated interfacial charge redistribution and the emergence of C-2p π-derived states near the Fermi level, resulting in bandgap narrowing relative to pristine LFP and suggesting an additional electronic percolation pathway at the interface. Experimentally, EIS showed that VFLG reduced charge-transfer resistance and increased effective electrochemical conductivity, while FLG addition was associated with improved interfacial charge-transfer behavior inferred from EIS. CD tests at 0.5 C showed that the 4 wt.% FLG and 4 wt.% VFLG electrodes delivered the highest specific capacities of 29.98 mAh/g and 44.66 mAh/g, corresponding to increases of 81.9% and 170.5% compared to bare LFP. XRD and FTIR confirmed that LFP phase integrity was maintained, and FESEM–EDX revealed a uniform particle distribution with well-dispersed graphene networks. Overall, these results demonstrated that shear-exfoliated graphene effectively improved electronic connectivity and charge-transfer behavior in LFP cathodes, supported by consistent electrochemical measurements and electronic-structure insights from DFT.
Techno-economic feasibility analysis of hybrid renewable energy system for off-grid African communities: Insights from a Zambian case study Virdy, Satnam Singh; Yamba, Francis D.; Mishra, Manish; Simate, Isaac N.; Ramesh, Mala; Kaoma, Mwansa; Luwaya, Edwin; Tembo, Simon; Gheewala, Shabbir H.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61421

Abstract

As hybrid renewable energy systems are increasingly adopted for rural electrification, this study presents an approach for optimizing off-grid systems in resource-abundant regions. Using a Zambian case study, this study demonstrates actionable insights into the optimal selection and configuration of components for a renewable energy-based off-grid system designed for remote, unelectrified communities with access to solar, wind, and biomass resources. The system's technical, economic, and environmental performance was evaluated through simulation in HOMER Pro software, using various photovoltaic panel ratings (335W, 400W, and 445W), battery technologies (lead-acid, lead-carbon, and lithium-ion), and dispatch strategies (load-following, cycle-charging, predictive-dispatch, and combined-dispatch). Among several configurations, the one featuring a 445W photovoltaic panel and a lithium-ion battery operating under the load-following strategy demonstrated the lowest cost and highest environmental benefits. This configuration resulted in a total lifetime system cost of USD 3.857 million and a levelized cost of electricity of 0.1522 USD per kilowatt-hour, while reducing emissions by 99.9% compared to a diesel-only system. Sensitivity analysis, considering ±20% variations in component costs and discount rate, showed that battery cost had the largest influence, causing a 5 to 12% variation in system cost. These findings suggest that combining high-efficiency solar panels with advanced battery storage and an appropriate dispatch strategy can significantly enhance the affordability and sustainability of off-grid renewable energy systems for rural communities worldwide.
Energy and exergy performance of a solar-driven NH₃–NaSCN absorption refrigeration cycle: case study in the Colombian Caribbean Carval-García, Vanessa; Sabalza-Pérez, Daniela; Caratt-Ortiz, Jean; De Armas-Calderón, Nelly; Rodríguez-Toscano, Andrés; Anguiano-González, Howen
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61668

Abstract

Absorption refrigeration systems are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives for cooling applications, particularly when integrated with renewable energy sources such as solar thermal systems. Among the available working pairs, the NH₃–NaSCN solution offers favorable thermodynamic properties and low environmental impact; however, its performance under tropical climatic conditions with solar integration remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the thermodynamic and exergetic performance of a single-effect NH₃–NaSCN absorption refrigeration cycle integrated with a flat-plate solar collector, considering the climatic conditions of five cities of the Colombian Caribbean Region. A validated thermodynamic model was applied to assess the influence of generator, condenser, absorber, and evaporator temperatures on the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency. Results show that increasing generator temperature from 75 °C to 120 °C enhances COP by up to 46.15 %, while raising the evaporator temperature from –8 °C to 4 °C improves COP by 16 %. Conversely, increasing condenser and absorber temperatures reduces COP by 20.54 % and 16 %, respectively. Exergy destruction analysis indicates that the generator and absorber account for 55 % and 34 % of total irreversibilities, highlighting them as priority targets for optimization. Analysis of variance identified generator temperature as the most influential parameter on COP (39.37 %), followed by condenser (31.22 %) and evaporator temperatures (15.18 %). Solar integration enabled stable operation with an average COP decrease of only 3 % across the five cities; however, the use of water in the solar collector restricted operation below the optimal efficiency range (95–120 °C). The combined performance index integrating COP and exergetic efficiency showed that the operating range characterized by elevated generator temperature and reduced condenser temperature delivers the best energy–exergy trade-off, providing design guidelines for high-irradiance regions and supporting the adoption of NH₃–NaSCN as a cost-effective, renewable refrigeration solution.
Performance analysis of flow channel collector for photovoltaic thermal system Umam, Mukhamad Faeshol; Hasanuzzaman, Md.; Selvaraj, Jeyraj
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61856

Abstract

Solar energy has seen the most significant development in the past decade. Electricity and hot water production are the two most common uses of solar energy. A photovoltaic (PV) system is a popular method for generating electricity from solar energy. However, PV systems are known for their low efficiency, which reduces further as the PV cell temperature rises. The photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system combines a PV system with a thermal collector to provide dual benefits, namely power generation and hot water production. However, PVT system research often employs a constant flow (CF) strategy in which water is continually cycled throughout the experiment, making it inapplicable. In comparison, the constant collection temperature (CCT) scheme is a more feasible approach, but its impact on PVT system performance has received less attention. This study compares a flow channel PVT system using both CF and CCT strategies. The results show that the CF scheme achieved a higher maximum thermal efficiency of 35.05%, while the CCT scheme reached 17.89%. The CCT method can also maintain the optimum water temperature despite changing radiation circumstances. The PVT system outperforms traditional PV panels regarding electricity efficiency, with a maximum improvement of 0.89% and 0.96% utilizing the CF and CCT schemes, respectively. These results show that PVT systems with CCT schemes that use less energy for pumping outperform PV panels in terms of power production and electricity efficiency.
Seawater Utilization Through Hybrid Process Photocatalysis-Electrocoagulation Using Pumice-Supported g-C3N4/BiOBr for Hydrogen Production and Methylene Blue Decolorization Pratiwi, Reno; Sudianto, Julius Rainer; Susanto, Bambang Heru; n, Slamet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61722

Abstract

Hydrogen production is one of the important efforts in transitioning from fossil energy to renewable energy due to its ability to reduce carbon emissions. This study presents a pumice-supported g-C3N4/BiOBr photocatalyst for hydrogen production and reducing pollutants in seawater. Pumice has cavities that make it float on water, allowing the photocatalyst to be exposed to light and activated. The catalyst in the form of nanocomposites was synthesized using a direct calcination immobilized on pumice stone and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL-Spectra), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The study indicates the efficacy of the photocatalysis-electrocoagulation combined process for hydrogen production and pollutant degradation in seawater. The combined system achieved an organic pollutant degradation (modelled by methylene blue, MB) of 99.37% and hydrogen production of 211 mL. The enhanced performance was attributed to the ionic interaction between the photocatalytic and electrocoagulation processes, which improved the kinetics of each. However, at low pH, the combination of photocatalysis and electrocoagulation led to increased hydrogen production. At the same time, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) decreased due to a shading effect that diminished the effectiveness of the photocatalytic process in degrading pollutants. The developed pumice-supported g-C3N4/BiOBr photocatalyst effectively absorbs light, and the optimum hybrid process photocatalysis-electrocoagulation parameters offer a promising solution in producing hydrogen and pollutant removal that utilizes seawater as a renewable energy source.
Integrated multi-objective optimization of fuel injection and engine strategy in oxyhydrogen/producer gas-powered dual-fuel diesel engine Nguyen, Du; Nguyen, Lan Huong; Nguyen, Duy Tan; Chung, Nghia; Truong, Thanh Hai
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62062

Abstract

Biomass gasification has taken on a new significance as a decentralized and sustainable route of turning solid biomass into oxyhydrogen (HHO) enriched producer gas that can be employed in internal combustion engines using diesel as the pilot fuel. This dual fuel system can cut down on reliance on fossil diesel as well as improve the energy security of rural and semi-urban applications. This study examines the engine operation and emissions characteristics of the producer-gas-diesel dual-fuel engine under the main operating parameters and uses statistical optimization to reduce the emissions and still attain acceptable efficiency. Indeed, Prosopis juliflora wood gasification was conducted in a small, fixed-bed downdraft gasifier, which is only intended to be used in decentralized and experimental engines. Downdraft design was chosen because of the intrinsic effect that it provides low-tar PG, which must be supplied to internal combustion engines. The optimization findings reveal that the maximum brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) is 4.23 bar, pilot fuel injection pressure (PFIP) is 240 bar, and HHO flow rate (HHOFR) is 2.08 LPM. The predicted values of Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions at these settings are estimated to be 20.71 %, 4.17 MJ/kWh, and 77.95, 79.47, and 335.99 ppm, respectively. The findings indicate that the balance between the supply of producer gas and the optimization of injection parameters can greatly enhance the sustainability and emission characteristics of the dual-fuel engine running on gaseous fuel that is produced from biomass.
Design and Optimization of an Energy Storage System for Off-Grid Rural Communities Soomro, Zain Ul Abddin; Khatri, Shoaib Ahmed; Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain; Memon, Abdul Hannan; Uqaili, Muhammad Aslam; Kumar, Laveet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Accepted Articles
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61191

Abstract

Access to reliable electricity remains a critical challenge in many rural areas of developing countries, particularly in Pakistan, where traditional grid expansion is often economically unfeasible. This research aims to design and optimize an off-grid microgrid system powered by Renewable Energy (RE) sources, specifically solar energy, integrated with an efficient Energy Storage System (ESS).  The proposed off-grid system features a generation RE source with an ESS for continuous power supply during periods of low solar irradiance, poor weather conditions, and nighttime, which includes Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB), Sodium-Ion Battery (NIB), and Hydrogen Storage System (HSS). HOMER Pro software is used to simulate and optimize a system sized 150 kW, assessing various energy storage technologies, including LIB, and NIB, with HSS, to determine the most suitable option for rural electrification. Key results demonstrate that the integration of renewable sources with ESSs significantly enhances reliability, providing a consistent energy supply while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The techno-economic analysis reveals that the most cost-effective configuration includes solar Photovoltaic (PV), NIB, and minimal use of a HSS for backup power, resulting in a Net Present Cost (NPC) of 1.53 $M and the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 0.0649 $/kWh. The proposed system shows the capability to maintain power reliability with no unmet load. 

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