cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
H Hadiyanto
Contact Email
hadiyanto@che.undip.ac.id
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
ijred@live.undip.ac.id
Editorial Address
CBIORE office, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH-Tembalang Semarang
Location
Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 761 Documents
 71   72   73   74   75 
Two-stage gradient-pore microporous layers for enhanced energy production and durability in PEM fuel cells Alrwashdeh, Saad S.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62335

Abstract

Coupled mass, heat, and water transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) critically depend on the microporous layer (MPL), but traditional uniform-pore MPLs are restricted by inherent trade-offs between the accessibility of reactants and the removal of liquid-water. This work presents a two-stage gradient-pore MPL structure and demonstrates its efficiency in terms of a fully coupled, non-isothermal Multiphysics modelling framework, the solution presented is theory-based and mitigates the classical trade-off between gas transport and liquid-water management by introducing a staged pore/porosity architecture that improves oxygen accessibility while promoting directional water evacuation. The proposed design uses a step-pore-size and porosity distribution throughout the MPL thickness to apply a directional capillary pressure gradient so that selective evacuation of water can occur to maintain catalyst-layer hydration. The optimized design is 12 to 18% more peak power density, 10 to 15% higher cell voltage (high current densities 1.5 A.cm-1 and higher), and 30% less cathode liquid saturation than a conventional MPL operating under the same conditions. Thermal analysis also shows that there was 25-35% decrease in temperature non-uniformity, which shows better homogeneity in current density and means that the hotspots causing degradation were caused to fail. Operating-regime mapping validates a strong transition between a transport-limited and optimal performance space, exhibiting increased robustness over a broad operating span. Such findings make pore-gradient engineering a physically based and scalable optimization strategy of improving energy production, thermal stability and durability of next-generation PEM fuel cells concurrently.
Immobilized L-arginine on methacrylate polymer as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for crude palm oil transesterification Erwanto, Erwanto; Warsito, Warsito; Sabarudin, Akhmad; Mardiana, Diah; Iftitah, Elvina Dhiaul
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61761

Abstract

The development of enviromentally friendly and reusable heterogenous catalyst has attracted significant attention for sustainable biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks such as crude palm oil (CPO). This study aims to synthesize and evaluate an L-arginine immobilized methacrylate-based porous polymer as an efficient and reusable heterogenous base catalyst for CPO transesterification. In this study, a porous polymer synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate (GM) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGD), denoted as poly(GM-co-EGD), was employed as a support matrix for L-arginine immobilization to develop an efficient heterogeneous base catalyst for the transesterification of CPO. The catalyst was prepared via free radical polymerization followed by covalent immobilization of L-arginine onto the porous polymer framework. FESEM analysis revealed a well-developed interconnected porous morphology, which was further supported by textural characterization showing a high BET surface area of 650 m² g⁻¹ and a total pore volume of 2.07 cm³ g⁻¹. FTIR spectra confirmed the successful chemical bonding between L-arginine and the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated good thermal stability of the polymeric catalyst up to 120 °C, suitable for transesterification conditions. The basic strength evaluated using Hammett indicators showed moderate-to-strong basicity (9.9 < H_ < 12), while quantitative back titration with benzoic acid revealed that the catalyst with a poly(GM-co-EGD):L-arginine ratio of 1:2 exhibited the highest total basicity of 1.01 mmol g⁻¹. Process optimization using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken design produced a highly accurate quadratic model (R² = 0.9992). Under optimal conditions, a biodiesel yield of 82.34 ± 1.08% was achieved, consistent with model predictions. The catalyst maintained stable performance over five consecutive cycles, demonstrating its potential as a green and sustainable catalyst for biodiesel production from CPO.
Robust control strategy for optimized IM-4S-VSI-based wind turbine simulator: Assessment for theoretical study Zerzeri, Mouna; Moussa, Intissar; Khedher, Adel
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61842

Abstract

Wind turbine emulation faces significant challenges in achieving high dynamic performance while maintaining low-cost and sensorless control architectures suitable for laboratory validation. This paper proposes a software-based wind turbine simulator replicating the dynamic behavior of a 3 kW wind turbine under realistic wind conditions, including quasi-stationary, stochastic, and localized gust (Mexican Hat) profiles. The emulator is implemented using a three-phase induction motor driven by a four-switch voltage source inverter (4S-VSI), controlled via rotor field-oriented control and space vector modulation. A sliding-mode observer (SMO) is employed to estimate rotor speed and flux from stator current measurements, eliminating mechanical sensors. Additionally, an adaptive parameter estimator based on the reactive power method is incorporated into the control loop to identify the rotor resistance in real time. Under nominal loaded operation, the proposed scheme achieves speed tracking errors below 1%, torque errors below 6%, and rotor flux errors below 2% across all wind profiles. When a severe +100% rotor resistance variation is introduced, speed deviation reaches 10% and torque error approaches 20% prior to adaptation, while estimated quantities remain stable, demonstrating observer robustness. Once the reactive power–based adaptation is activated, speed error returns to nearly zero, torque error falls below 5%, stator current error remains under 3%, and flux deviation becomes negligible. The maximum observed speed overshoot under gust excitation is 13.27%, with a settling time of 0.31 s. A quantitative comparison with a conventional six-switch VSI shows that the proposed 4S-VSI reduces switching activity by approximately 43% (from 44.89 kHz to 25.72 kHz equivalent switching frequency), leading to lower switching losses and reduced hardware complexity without compromising dynamic performance. These results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves robust observer convergence, accurate wind profile emulation, and significant converter loss reduction, providing a cost-effective and computationally efficient platform for real-time validation of wind energy conversion systems.
Upcycling EAF graphite electrode waste into graphene-oxide–doped PEDOT:PSS for inverted perovskite solar cells Denny, Yus Rama; Fadli, Mohamad; Santoso, Muhammad Iman; Ramdani, Sulaeman Deni; Jafar, Rafa; Meilani, Meilani
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62013

Abstract

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as a hole-transport layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its acidity and moisture affinity can limit device performance. This study aimed to evaluate a circular-materials route by upcycling electric-arc-furnace (EAF) graphite-electrode waste into graphene oxide (GO) and applying GO-doped PEDOT:PSS as an HTL modifier, while identifying a practical low-temperature processing window for inverted PSCs under ambient conditions. Graphene oxide was synthesized from EAF graphite waste and dispersed in water (1 mg mL⁻¹), then blended with PEDOT:PSS at different loadings. Inverted PSCs with an ITO/GO-doped PEDOT:PSS/CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋ₓClₓ/PCBM/Ag architecture were fabricated in ambient laboratory air (25–27 °C; RH ≈ 40%) without a glovebox. The effects of GO loading and perovskite annealing temperature (70–130 °C) were evaluated using J–V measurements under AM1.5G illumination, supported by SEM and XRD analyses. Moderate GO addition was associated with improved film coverage and fewer pinholes, while XRD indicated better phase formation near 100 °C. In contrast, excessive annealing (≈130 °C) increased PbI₂ signatures and coincided with severe performance degradation. The optimum condition (600 µL GO per 1 mL PEDOT:PSS and 100 °C annealing) produced a champion power conversion efficiency of 0.80%, with VOC = 0.795 V, JSC = 3.48 mA cm⁻², and FF = 28.9%. Although the efficiency remained modest, the results demonstrated the feasibility of waste-derived GO as a functional PEDOT:PSS interfacial modifier and established a low-temperature processing window governing film integrity and degradation signatures in inverted PSCs, providing a basis for further optimization.
Optimization and characterization of bioethanol production from Icacina trichanta Oliv and Anchomanes difformis Blume as non-food starch feedstocks Adewumi, Chizoma Nwakego; Dike, Humphrey Nwenenda; Achugasim, Ozioma; Efeovbokhane, Vincent E.; Adeleke, Adekunle Akanni; Oluwasanmi, Olabode; Rasheed, Hauwa Abubakar; Olaniyan, Damilola Deborah
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61203

Abstract

The growing competition between food and fuel remains the major drawback of first-generation bioethanol production. Despite their high conversion efficiencies and role as cleaner substitutes for fossil fuels, their cost implications in the production process have led to the search for utilization alternative non-food crops. This study investigates the use of two non-food starch crops, Anchomanes difformis Blume (ADB) and Icacina trichantha Oliv. (ITO), as sustainable alternatives to cassava (CAS) for bioethanol production. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), while the bioethanol was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that optimum sugar yields were achieved at 180 Unit/g α-amylase and 480 Unit/g amyloglucosidase, where ITO, ADB, and CAS produced 74.29 g/L, 80.81 g/L, and 70.61 g/L reducing sugars, respectively. Correspondingly, ethanol yields were highest in ADB (34.08 g/L with 81.82% efficiency), followed by ITO (31.66 g/L with 84.04% efficiency) and CAS (30.38 g/L with 88.58%). Substrate inhibition was observed, indicating an inverse relationship between glucose concentration and ethanol conversion efficiency. The Michaelis–Menten model was employed to study the kinetics of the entire production process which demonstrated that ADB is the strongest performer overall (producing more ethanol per unit time). The study highlights that ADB and ITO, both non-edible and widely available in Nigeria, demonstrate superior sugar and ethanol yields compared to cassava, positioning them as promising candidates for sustainable, low-cost, and non-food feedstocks in bioethanol production. Their use can enhance energy security, reduce pressure on food crops, and contribute to climate change mitigation by providing renewable alternatives to fossil fuels.
Foreign direct investment, renewable energy and governance in major copper- and lithium-mining countries Coayla, Edelina; Bedón, Ysabel; Chávez, Robert
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61884

Abstract

Funding the supply of critical materials for the transition to renewable energy (RE) is crucial to addressing climate change. For the world’s leading economies in copper and lithium mining, this paper investigates the association among foreign direct investment (FDI), governance, carbon emissions (CO2) and renewable energy consumption (REC). Using 2002–2023 panel data, a unit root test was applied to determine the stationarity of the variables and cointegration tests revealed cointegration in first differences. The variables were cointegrated at the 1% significance level, as indicated by the Kao Residual Cointegration Test. Next, the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) panel regression methods were employed. The FMOLS model findings indicated a long-term negative relationship between FDI and RE. Specifically, a 1% increase in FDI (as a percentage of GDP) reduces REC by 0.24% in the major copper- and lithium-producing economies. Governance, measured by control of corruption, has a positive effect on clean energy consumption, and CO2 emissions are significantly negatively associated with REC. Using the DOLS model, we confirmed the robustness of these long-term panel relationships. Policymakers should strengthen the quality of governance, including combating corruption and encouraging FDI in RE. This strategy should also support sustainable mining practices and responsible consumption, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 12, respectively.
Methyl ester production from high free fatty acid content with Ce/Zeolite bifunctional catalyst Syahidah, Aisyah Sabrina Nurul; Wilujeng, Dinanti Putrisia; Widayat, W.; Hadiyanto, H.; Sulardjaka, S.; Ngadi, Noorzita
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61945

Abstract

The production of methyl esters from high free fatty acid (FFA) feedstock remains a critical challenge in biodiesel processing, particularly when using Palm Acid Oil–waste cooking oil (PAO–WCO) with an initial FFA content of 53.21%. Such high FFA content significantly reduces reaction efficiency and necessitates a conventional two-step process involving esterification to lower the FFA level followed by transesterification to convert triglycerides into methyl esters. This multistep approach limits process efficiency and increases operational complexity for high-FFA feedstock. This study investigates the use of a bifunctional Ce/Zeolite catalyst to enable simultaneous esterification and transesterification in a single-step process for high FFA content oil. The zeolite support was synthesized from geothermal waste, and cerium was incorporated via impregnation. The catalyst was characterized using SEM–EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyses. The reaction was conducted under various operating conditions, including different temperatures and catalyst loadings. The Ce/Zeolite catalyst exhibited effective bifunctional activity, enhancing the simultaneous conversion of FFAs and triglycerides in high FFA content feedstock. The optimum conditions were a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, 4 wt% catalyst loading, and a reaction temperature of 50 °C for 180 min. Under these conditions, FAME concentration of 91.5% was obtained, with FFA conversion of 25.31% (reduction of 13.47% FFAs from initial 53.21%) achieved in a single-step transesterification process. These results demonstrate that Ce/Zeolite is a promising bifunctional catalyst for the efficient processing of high FFA content oil, offering a simplified and more sustainable pathway for industrial biodiesel production.
Towards low-carbon and net-zero energy temperature control in winter cricket farming using a hybrid PV/T–heat pump system Puttaraksa, Panuwit; Sundach, Thanyaluk; Mongkon, Sulaksana; Jaisin, Chawaroj; Polvongsri, Sarawut
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61952

Abstract

This study evaluated the integration of a photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) system with a heat pump (HPs) to reduce energy consumption and carbon intensity in a community-scale cricket farming facility during the winter season. Two configurations were compared: a conventional HPs-only system and a hybrid HPs–PV/T system maintaining the rearing temperature at 28–30 °C. In the hybrid setup, a 10.8 kWth heat pump served as the main heating unit, while eight 550 Wp PV/T panels supplied supplementary heat and electricity. The system performance was experimentally assessed, yielding an average heat-pump Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 3.13 and a PV/T performance ratio (PR) of 0.90 under winter conditions. The hybrid system reduced grid-electricity use to 1.58 kWh/day compared with 24.37 kWh/day in total consumption, achieving a 95.4% grid electricity displacement. Annually, the PV/T array generated 7,570.63 kWh of renewable energy—exceeding the total electricity demand of 7,369.07 kWh/yr. The organizational carbon-footprint analysis showed emissions declined from 5,025.98 kg CO₂e to 1,525.83 kg CO₂e, a 69 % reduction. Overall, the HPs–PV/T hybrid configuration proved to be an energy-efficient, low-carbon solution for temperature-controlled insect farming, particularly suitable for small- and community-scale applications.
Utility-scale wind power generation potential in low-wind regions: Insights for achieving the sustainable energy transition in developing countries Tanoto, Yusak; Diprasetya, Leonardo; Enano, Nelson Jr; Warpindyasmoro, Heri Saptono
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61756

Abstract

Wind energy represents a promising resource for accelerating the transition to renewable energy and meeting global net-zero emission targets. While wind turbines have generated considerable amounts of electricity in specific regions of four-season countries, their potential in low-wind countries is generally limited, thereby inhibiting further investigation. However, advancements in wind turbine design and wind resource databases have provided new opportunities for assessing utility-scale wind energy potential. Therefore, this study assessed the potential for utility-scale wind power generation in low-wind regions of Indonesia's Java–Bali region. The Weibull distribution of wind speed and theoretical energy output were investigated using 10-year hourly temporal-based wind speed data collected at 100 m height from 2006 to 2015. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) power density classification was used to identify locations for energy generation analysis under wind turbine capacities of 1, 2, and 2.5 MW. The trade-offs between the average energy output over ten years and capacity factors were also considered. The results showed that the Ujungjaya area in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province, has the potential to produce an estimated 13,916 MWh of energy per year using the 2.5 MW turbine with a capacity factor of 60.5% and Weibull parameters k and c of 2.49 and 8.22, respectively. The annual wind-based electricity generation potential of selected locations revealed that low-wind regions of Indonesia should not be overlooked when strategically planning wind energy utilisation to support the sustainable energy transition. In addition, the results have important implications for including additional wind energy in the energy mix of developing countries with similar low-wind regimes.
Hybrid PEMFC–battery systems for marine propulsion: Optimization of efficiency and operational safety Ala&#039;a Al-Falahat; Saad Alrwashdeh
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62412

Abstract

This study presents a critical review and optimization of a hybrid proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) battery propulsion system for marine operations under dynamic working conditions. The proposed system incorporates the most current energy management methods such as model predictive control (MPC) and eco-cooling processes to maximize system performance, efficiency, and safety of its work. The system performance is tested during a typical marine load profile and compared to a conventional PEMFC-only baseline configuration that operates without hybrid energy storage or with sophisticated control systems. The findings prove that the hybrid system shows a significant enhancement in operational performance with an increase in efficiency to up to 52.6 % and a significant reduction in hydrogen consumption during the transient load conditions. Moreover, battery support is also integrated to improve load-following capabilities, and minimizing stresses on the fuel cell stack, which is essential for enhanced durability and system reliability. In addition, the given solution enhances thermal control and safety levels because the operating temperatures are kept constant, and fluctuations in the system variables are quickly reduced. The Hybrid design also facilitates a better distribution of the energy and lower auxiliary losses, hence contributing to the greater stability of the system. These results show the potential of hybrid energy storage and enhanced control measures in enhancing the efficiency, sustainability, and safety of marine propulsion systems and can provide a promising avenue to decarbonized maritime energy systems.

Page 73 of 77 | Total Record : 761

 71   72   73   74   75 

Filter by Year

2012 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026 Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026 Vol 15, No 2 (2026): March 2026 Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026 Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025 Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025 Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025 Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025 Vol 14, No 2 (2025): March 2025 Vol 14, No 1 (2025): January 2025 Accepted Articles Vol 13, No 6 (2024): November 2024 Vol 13, No 5 (2024): September 2024 Vol 13, No 4 (2024): July 2024 Vol 13, No 3 (2024): May 2024 Vol 13, No 2 (2024): March 2024 Vol 13, No 1 (2024): January 2024 Vol 12, No 6 (2023): November 2023 Vol 12, No 5 (2023): September 2023 Vol 12, No 4 (2023): July 2023 Vol 12, No 3 (2023): May 2023 Vol 12, No 2 (2023): March 2023 Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023 Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022 Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022 Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022 Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022 Vol 10, No 4 (2021): November 2021 Vol 10, No 3 (2021): August 2021 Vol 10, No 2 (2021): May 2021 Vol 10, No 1 (2021): February 2021 Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 Vol 9, No 2 (2020): July 2020 Vol 9, No 1 (2020): February 2020 Vol 8, No 3 (2019): October 2019 Vol 8, No 2 (2019): July 2019 Vol 8, No 1 (2019): February 2019 Vol 7, No 3 (2018): October 2018 Vol 7, No 2 (2018): July 2018 Vol 7, No 1 (2018): February 2018 Vol 6, No 3 (2017): October 2017 Vol 6, No 2 (2017): July 2017 Vol 6, No 1 (2017): February 2017 Vol 5, No 3 (2016): October 2016 Vol 5, No 2 (2016): July 2016 Vol 5, No 1 (2016): February 2016 Vol 4, No 3 (2015): October 2015 Vol 4, No 2 (2015): July 2015 Vol 4, No 1 (2015): February 2015 Vol 3, No 3 (2014): October 2014 Vol 3, No 2 (2014): July 2014 Vol 3, No 1 (2014): February 2014 Vol 2, No 3 (2013): October 2013 Vol 2, No 2 (2013): July 2013 Vol 2, No 1 (2013): February 2013 Vol 1, No 3 (2012): October 2012 Vol 1, No 2 (2012): July 2012 Vol 1, No 1 (2012): February 2012 More Issue