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International Journal Multidisciplinary
Published by Antis Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30319870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61796/ijmi.v1i2.49
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education, Social,
Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) (ISSN 3031-9870) is a distinguished, double-blind, peer-reviewed publication that operates on a 4 (Four) issues per year. Dedicated to advancing the frontiers of knowledge, this esteemed international journal serves as a vital platform for academics, researchers, and educators to share their profound insights and expertise with a global audience. With an unwavering commitment to excellence, IJMI publishes cutting-edge research that delves deep into multifaceted topics, enriching the scholarly landscape. Emphasizing the significance of rigorous evaluation, the journal boasts a swift and meticulous peer review process, ensuring the dissemination of high-quality and well-vetted contributions to the academic community worldwide.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 141 Documents
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THE CONTRIBUTION OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TO SPEAKING ABILITY AND SPEAKING ANXIETY AMONG IRAQI EFL LEARNERS Al-Shammari, Hussein Ghanim
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.463

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the contribution of collaborative learning to speaking ability and speaking anxiety among Iraqi undergraduate EFL learners. Method: Employing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved 86 second-stage students from the English Department, Faculty of Education, University of Kufa, divided equally into experimental and control groups (n=43 each). The experimental group received collaborative learning instruction over a treatment period, while the control group was taught using conventional methods. Data were collected using a speaking test and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) administered as pre-tests and post-tests. Normality testing confirmed that parametric assumptions were met, and data were analyzed using paired samples t-tests and independent samples t-tests. Results: The findings revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in speaking ability, with a mean post-test score of 64.57 compared to 48.23 (t(84) = -9.48, p < 0.001, d = 2.05). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated a substantial reduction in speaking anxiety, with a post-test mean of 48.34 compared to 64.23 in the control group (t(84) = 9.04, p < 0.001, d = 1.97). Novelty: These results indicate that collaborative learning not only enhances speaking proficiency but also significantly reduces speaking anxiety among Iraqi EFL learners. The study recommends the integration of collaborative learning strategies into EFL instruction to foster both linguistic competence and affective well-being.
THE INFLUENCE OF ON AND OFF CAMPUS ACCOMMODATIONS ON POST SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN KALTUNGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, GOMBE STATE Isa, Peter Gerson; Ikenna, Ihejiofor Kingsley; Ebuka, Oyim Eric
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.464

Abstract

Objective: Student housing has a significant impact on academic progress, well-being, and social integration at postsecondary campuses. This study examines the impact of on-campus and off-campus housing on postsecondary school students' academic performance in Kaltungo LGA. Method: A descriptive survey approach was used, including 300 students from both private and government post-secondary schools in the research region. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires and evaluated with descriptive statistics and independent t-tests. Results: The data found considerable disparities in academic performance among lodging types, with on-campus students usually outperforming off-campus students. Access to friends, outdoor social activities, relationships, academic resources, time management, security, and environmental distractions are all important elements in determining this. Novelty:The study suggests that addressing both on-campus and off-campus living circumstances will improve academic achievements.
INVESTIGATION THE ROLE OF GDF-15 AND ARFIP2 LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS A COMPARATIVE GENDER-BASED STUDY Jabbar, Hameedah A.; Thuwaini, Mahdi M.; Al Sawafi , Abeer
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.465

Abstract

Objective: The present study seeks to evaluate the quantification of serum levels of ADP-ribosylation factor-interacting protein 2 (ARFIP2) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), as well as to investigate potential correlations between these factors and glycaemic control metrics and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), in order to elucidate their roles in the pathophysiology and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). Method: The case-control study included 111 individuals, consisting of 51 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 60 healthy individuals serving as a control group. We measured the levels of GDF-15 and ARFIP2 in two study groups, as well as the levels of serum glycaemic markers (FBS, Insulin, HbA1c) and HOMA-IR. Results: In T2DM, ARFIP2 showed significant correlations with FBS, insulin, and HOMA-IR suggesting its role in insulin resistance and acute glycemic regulation but showed limited associations in controls, indicating its role becomes more pronounced under diabetic conditions. GDF-15 showed a positive but non-significant correlation with ARFIP2, hinting at a possible shared pathway in metabolic stress and inflammation but in control group showed a highly significant correlation suggesting it may act as an early biomarker of metabolic stress. Novelty: ARFIP2 is strongly associated with insulin resistance and acute glycemic markers in T2DM, but not with long-term glycemic control. GDF-15 shows strong associations in controls and trends in T2DM, suggesting it may serve as an early stress-response biomarker. Gender differences in distribution were observed but not statistically significant, indicating the need for larger sample sizes to clarify gender-specific biomarker patterns.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC BARRIERS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL COPING STRATEGIES AMONG ELITE UZBEK ATHLETES IN INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS Abdujalilovna, Valiyeva Gulbakhor
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.466

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the psychological adaptation mechanisms of 22 elite athletes from the National Team of Uzbekistan when operating in a linguistically foreign environment. Method: Using a combined approach of a sociolinguistic survey and a modified V.V. Boyko methodology, the research analyzes the cognitive shift between rational and intuitive decision-making strategies. Results: Contrary to the traditional view that athletes primarily rely on intuition and reflexes, our findings reveal a dominance of the Rational Channel (85.0%) over the Intuitive Channel (32.0%). The data suggests that the language barrier acts as a stressor that suppresses emotional reactivity and activates a compensatory mechanism defined as "Analytical Adaptation." The study concludes that under conditions of verbal deficit, elite athletes compensate for missing linguistic information through hyper-logical analysis and heightened penetrative (non-verbal) abilities. Novelty: Contrary to the traditional view that athletes primarily rely on intuition and reflexes, our findings reveal a dominance of the Rational Channel (85.0%) over the Intuitive Channel (32.0%).
TRANSPORT ANALYSIS OF NEON–COPPER PLASMA: POWER, ELASTIC/INELASTIC LOSSES, ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS AND TOTAL IONIZATION FREQUENCY Fawzi, Msbah A. A.; Gatea , Ali J.
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i1.410

Abstract

Objective: This study introduces a model and examines the transport parameters of a neon–copper plasma mixture, emphasising energy and power characteristics, along with the effects of both elastic and inelastic power losses. Method: The researchers utilise theoretical and computational methodologies, predominantly employing the Boltzmann equation to examine the distribution of electrons and ions within the plasma, and the equation is solved using numerical methods, which give a detailed look at how collisions affect power losses and help us better understand how energy moves through the plasma. Results: The study examines two principal factors: the diminished electric field (E/N), which varies from 1 to 20 Td, and the influence of fluctuating copper concentrations, ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 mol, on electron-related metrics, including power, elastic and inelastic power losses, and energy distribution, the analysis gives useful information about how these parameters change when the electric field and copper concentration change, and the results also show how elastic and inelastic processes work together and how they affect the plasma's power use and energy properties. Novelty: This study is pertinent to numerous applications, encompassing nanomaterial synthesis, metal surface treatment, plasma discharge technologies, light and laser generation, gas processing and pollutant elimination, and the advancement of sophisticated plasma-based electronic devices, providing a clear picture of how to predict and improve plasma performance in mixed-gas environments by accounting for the effects of electric fields and changing gas concentrations.
SYNTHESIS, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME SCHIFF BASES DERIVATIVES Mohammed, Raed; Ali, Hanan M.
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i1.412

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to synthesize and evaluate the biological activities of four Schiff base compounds derived from the condensation of benzaldehyde and selected amine derivatives, with a focus on determining their anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials. Method: Four compounds—namely compound 1 [(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methanimine], compound 2 [(E)-4-(((6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol], compound 3 [(E)-5-((2-methylbenzylidene)amino)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione], and compound 4 [(E)-5-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione]—were synthesized and subjected to in vitro screening. Results: Compound 1 exhibited the strongest anticancer activity, outperforming the other derivatives. Compounds 1 and 2 showed pronounced antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, while compound 4 demonstrated activity against Escherichia coli. Compounds 3 and 4 also displayed significant antifungal inhibition against Candida albicans. Novelty: The study identifies specific structure–activity relationships among newly synthesized Schiff bases, highlighting distinct bioactive profiles and offering promising lead compounds for future therapeutic development.
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL PYRAZOLE–THIOSEMICARBAZONE SCHIFF BASES AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS Hanoon, Aseel G.; Abid, Dawood S.
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.478

Abstract

Objective: Primary processes were involved in the synthesis and identification of Schiff bases derivatives obtained from thiosemicarbazide. Method: Three compounds were synthesized using a microwave assisted method, ((E)-2-((3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1 carbothioamide (BT); (E)-2-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(m-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (CMT); and (E)-2-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (CNT). FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, mass spectrometry, recrystallization of the generated compounds, and TLC monitoring of the chemical process were used to identify the chemical structure of the compounds. Anticancer activity using human lung cancer cells A549 through MTT assay to estimate IC50 value for each compound. Results: The results showed that compound BT (1) had a lower IC50 value 53.03 µM. Novelty: Perspective research required to develop compound BT with a mechanistic investigation.
STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF THE LENGTH OF TERMINAL THIOALKYL GROUPS ON THE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PROPERTIES OF IMINE-ESTER BENZOTHIAZOLE Nwyr, Nizar S.; Al-Hamdani, Uhood J.; Alsalim, Tahseen A.
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.479

Abstract

Objective: A chain of new calamitic liquid crystals, featuring a heterocyclic (benzothiazole) core structure with two phenyl rings, a terminal thioalkyl string, and azomethene and ester linkages, were synthesized and described. This chain comprises of seven compounds, differentiated by the length of the thioalkyl string (-SRn, n = 1, 2, 4–8). Method: The results of the spectral study aligned with the anticipated structure. The structures of synthesized compounds were verified via various spectroscopic methods, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM) have been utilized to confirm their mesomorphic properties. Theoretical computations were performed via the density functional theory (DFT) approach at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311G (2d,p) level. Results: Only the nematic phase was noticed for the first and second compounds of the chain (n = 1, 2). With the increase length of the thioalkyl chain to n = 4, 5, 6, the nematic phase emerged alongside an extra smectic phase. Upon transitioning from n = 7 to the maximum compound n = 8, the nematic phase vanished, and these members alone displayed the Smectic phase (SmA). (DFT) data were correlated with empirical data from liquid crystalline studies, revealing that the molecular architecture, reactivity, dipole moment, aspect ratio, and polarizability of the examined members are significantly influenced by the length of the terminal chain. Novelty: A chain of new calamitic liquid crystals, featuring a heterocyclic (benzothiazole) core structure with azomethene and ester linkages and a terminal thioalkyl string, were synthesized and described, with properties significantly influenced by the length of the terminal chain.
POLICY BACKLASH AGAINST EQUALITY REFORMS: A MULTI-LEVEL REVIEW OF THREAT, MORALIZATION, AND MOBILIZATION Yunilisiah; Aditia, Rafinita; Hutapia
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.480

Abstract

Objective: Equality-oriented policy reforms addressing gender, disability, race, and social inclusion have expanded globally, yet their implementation is frequently accompanied by persistent and organized resistance. This tension raises a critical question about why formally adopted equality policies often struggle to achieve long-term sustainability. This study aims to explain how backlash against equality reforms emerges, stabilizes, and constrains policy trajectories over time. Method: Using a qualitative research design based on secondary data, the study conducts an analytical review and qualitative evidence synthesis of scholarly literature, policy documents, and institutional analyses. Through systematic document analysis and thematic synthesis, the research integrates findings across policy sectors and contexts to identify recurring mechanisms shaping backlash dynamics.Result: The study demonstrates that backlash operates through a multi-level process linking perceived threats to status, identity, and social order; the moralization of policy debates that legitimizes opposition; and political mobilization that institutionalizes resistance within governance structures. These mechanisms interact dynamically, transforming individual anxieties into moral claims and sustained collective action, thereby embedding resistance within policy processes rather than limiting it to episodic dissent.Novelty: The originality of this study lies in its integrative framework, which connects psychological, discursive, and institutional dimensions of backlash into a coherent explanatory model. Theoretically, it advances understanding of backlash as a structured and self-reinforcing political process. Practically, it offers analytical insights relevant to the design and implementation of equality policies that are more resilient to organized resistance.
A REVIEW OF COMPOSITE BRIDGE GIRDER OF COLD-FORMED STEEL PLATE AND RC DECK Allami, Ali; Majeed, Fareed H.; Hussain, Haleem K.
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.483

Abstract

Objective: This paper presents a review of earlier studies on the behavior of composite bridge girders made up of reinforced concrete (RC) decks and cold-formed steel plates. The objective is to examine the behavior of cold-formed steel composite girders under different load conditions and identify gaps in the research, especially concerning various cold-formed steel sections. Method: The behavior of cold-formed steel bridge girders was classified based on the loads applied and the shape of the cold-formed steel plate. Experimental and analytical studies have been conducted on cold-formed steel tub bridge girders and cold-formed steel tub bridge systems. Results: The study indicates that research on cold-formed steel bridge girders has focused mainly on steel tub sections, with limited research on other shapes, such as the double-C steel section. The studies considered different loads applied to the composite bridge girders, but there is a gap in understanding the behavior of various shapes of cold-formed steel girders. Novelty: The novelty of this paper lies in its identification of the lack of research on the double-C steel section of cold-formed composite girders and the need for additional studies. Future research should focus on the ductility, ultimate capacity under static and fatigue loads, and the interaction degree effect on the behavior of cold-formed composite girders. This will help fully comprehend the behavior of different cold-formed composite girder sections.

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