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Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 08537240     EISSN : 29644429     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bib.v14i3
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Biologi Fungsional, Struktur dan Perkembangan, Bioteknologi dan Biologi Molekuler, serta Biologi Lingkungan dan Biodiversitas
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 71 Documents
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Penelaahan Pemanfaatan Tagetes erecta L. (Marigold) secara Tradisional dalam Bidang Pertanian dan Obat-Obatan di Indonesia Raihandhany, Reza; Hanifah, Dini Siti
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 16 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v16i3.20103

Abstract

Tagetes erecta also known as marigold is a domesticated plant which traditionally still in use today, both in agricultural and health aspects due to its usefulness and benefits that contains active compounds in the whole plant parts. In the agricultural sector, Tagetes erecta is widely used as a pest agent and disease control in integrated farming practices, while in the health sector, this plant is extensively used in traditional medicine, particularly in several regions in Indonesia. This study reviews the benefits related to Tagetes erecta, notably in agricultural and health sectors, in order to obtain in-depth information regarding their huge potential that has been and has not been optimally in use. Exploring data for this paper using literature studies on related journals by looking for the similarities, differences, point of view by previous research, as well as future prospects, both in local and global utilization. The literature study is also conducted to achieve study objectives. The results found that Tagetes erecta is a plant with enormous benefits, from the roots to flowers. It has distinctive characteristics of active compounds compared to other similar species. However, study on the utilization of Tagetes erecta can lead to optimizing the management of integrated farming systems, increasing food security, maintaining the local wisdom of the community, and providing knowledge about the importance of marigold. Hopefully, the utilization of Tagetes erecta in daily life able to achieve a healthy and sustainable ecosystem to achieve prosperous life in the future.
Mitochondrial 16S Gene Polymorphism of Fiddler Crab, Gelasimus borealis (Crane, 1975) from Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta Arisuryanti, Tuty; Rokhmat, Laura Silka Karawina
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 16 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v16i3.20159

Abstract

The fiddler crab (Gelasimus borealis (Crane, 1975)) inhabits muddy or sandy intertidal zones in river estuaries or mangrove forests and is commonly found throughout Indonesia. However, studies on the abundance and genetic diversity of G. borealis in Indonesia, particularly regarding the mitochondrial 16S gene, remain limited. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of G. borealis from Kulon Progo based on the mitochondrial 16S gene. This study used a PCR method using 16Sar and 16Sbr primers, with stages comprising DNA isolation, amplification, electrophoresis, and sequencing. Data analysis was conducted to obtain nucleotide composition, genetic distance, genetic variation, haplotype network, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction using software programs such as GeneStudio, BLAST, MESQUITE, MEGA, DnaSP, BEAST, NETWORK, and GenAIEx. The results showed no genetic variation within the Kulon Progo population (intrapopulation analysis). However, interpopulation analysis using 16S sequence data of G. borealis from Hong Kong and Taiwan available in the GenBank database revealed genetic diversity, consisting of five haplotypes and five polymorphic sites, including two parsimony-informative sites. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity values were 0.857 ± 0.108 and 0.00368 ± 0.00055, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the G. borealis population from Kulon Progo formed a distinct clade, separate from the Hong Kong and Taiwan populations, with a genetic distance of 0.45% but all are still conspecifics. This separation was also supported by the absence of haplotype sharing among the populations, as demonstrated by haplotype network and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). This study is expected to contribute to the development of a 16S gene reference library for the fiddler crab species G. borealis from Kulon Progo, which will be useful for species identification and conservation programs of this crab species.
Analisis Variasi Genotipik Bawang Merah | Allium cepa L.| Di Pulau Jawa Menggunakan Penanda ISSR FITRIANA, NITA; Susandarini, Ratna
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 16 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v16i3.24131

Abstract

Shallot (Allium cepa L.) is one of Indonesia's leading agricultural commodities due to their high production. Exports reached USD 6.53 million and have continued to increase over the past decade, making them the fourth-ranked exporter in ASEAN. Its produced in 24 of Indonesia's 34 provinces, with the largest production in Java (Center for Agricultural Data and Information Systems, 2023). Production quality is determined by genotipic variation. This study aimed to analyze the genotipic variation of twelve Allium cepa L. cultivars in Java Island. PCR-ISSR method with 5 random primer (ISSRred20, ISSRed4,ISSRed9,UBC892, and UBC-895) was used to evaluate genotipic variation in Allium. The level of genetic similarity was determined by simple matching coefficient (SSM) and the dendrogram was constructed by clustering analysis using UPGMA. The results of genomic DNA amplification using five primers yielded 40 DNA fragment consisting of 12 monomorphic DNA fragment and 28 polymorphic DNA fragment. Genotypic variation indexes of twelve cultivars were 44.1%. It means had moderate variability because of its had 40-60% similarity. Two clusters were formed. Bauji, Bima, Katumi, Kramat2, Trisula, Kramat1, Pikatan and Tiron had the closest relationship with a similarity value of 64.6%. While the cultivars Sembrani, Maja Cipanas, Mentes and Pancasona had the closest relationship with a similarity value of 66.7% The implications of this research could be based for assembling superior seeds of shallot cultivars in Indonesia to supported national food security for now and in the future.
Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera) dan Tumbuhan Pakannya di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) UIN KHAS Jember Mubarok, Husni; Nuruzzaman, Adzkafillah; Fitriyah, Haniatul; Qodri, Agmal
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 16 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v16i3.25032

Abstract

Butterflies (Lepidoptera) are essential pollinators and bioindicators of environmental quality. The Forest Area for Special Purposes (KHDTK) of UIN KHAS Jember has experienced forest conversion into agricultural and vegetable cultivation areas, raising the need for biodiversity data to inform management strategies. This study examined butterfly diversity and their host plants through field surveys using an exploration method. A total of 546 individuals representing 31 species from five families were recorded, with Nymphalidae as the most abundant family and Eurema hecabe and Ypthima pandocus as dominant species. The diversity index indicated a moderate level (H’=2.45), accompanied by low evenness (E=0.37) and high dominance (D=0.87). In addition, 20 host plant species from 12 families were identified, with Asteraceae and Verbenaceae being the most prominent. The findings reveal that despite habitat fragmentation, KHDTK UIN KHAS Jember functions as an important butterfly habitat, underscoring the urgency of conservation efforts through host plant enrichment and sustainable vegetation management to preserve pollinator community stability.
The Role of the Sumber Nyolo Sacred Natural Site in Plant Conservation and Ecosystem Services Based on Local Wisdom (A Case Study of Sumber Nyolo, Ngenep Village, Karang Ploso, Malang ) Purnomo, Purnomo; Siregar, Aslam Chitami Priawan; Inaku, Awaluddin Hidayat Ramli; Saputra, Syifa
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 16 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v16i3.25863

Abstract

Abstract: The Sumber Nyolo Natural Sacred Site (NSS) is an area venerated by the local community and characterized by a distinctive plant community structure resembling a forest landscape. This study aims to analyze the role of the Sacred Natural Site (SNS) in plant conservation and ecosystem services, as well as to examine the cultural values of the local community associated with its existence. The research employed a plot sampling method, consisting of four plots distributed throughout the area, with plot sizes of 20 × 20 m for tree-level vegetation, 10 × 10 m for poles, 5 × 5 m for saplings, and 2 × 2 m for seedlings. Data were analyzed descriptively using the Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’), Evenness index (E), Simpson’s dominance index (C), and endemism (End). A total of 53 plant species belonging to 26 families were recorded in the NSS. At the tree and sapling levels, Syzygium pycnanthum was the dominant species with the highest IVI values. At the pole level, co-dominance occurred among Bambusa blumeana, Dendrocalamus asper, and Syzygium littorale, while Syzygium littorale was dominant at the seedling level with the highest IVI value compared to other species. The plant community in the NSS is categorized as stable, as indicated by H’ values of 3.43 (trees), 3.17 (poles), 4.45 (saplings), and 2.23 (seedlings). Species distribution was relatively even, with E’ values of 0.60 (trees), 0.49 (poles), 0.74 (saplings), and 0.34 (seedlings). Moreover, the absence of a dominant species was indicated by C values approaching zero. Most of the recorded plants were local species with a high endemism rate of 94%. Vegetation in the NSS provides various ecological services, including regulating, provisioning, and supporting services. In addition, the NSS functions as a socio-cultural center for the local community, serving as the venue for traditional events such as the Bersih Desa ceremony.
Formulasi Natural Antibacterial Facial Wash Berbahan Aktif Infusa Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Yudhatama, Abisha Yoofi; Pratiwi, Rarastoeti; Ningrum, Mutia Cahya; Darmasiwi, Sari
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v17i1.22050

Abstract

Clitoria ternatea L., or butterfly pea (telang), is a flowering vine known for its high content of anthocyanin, an antibacterial water-soluble phytochemical. Antibacterial properties hold a crucial role as an active compound of personal care product formulations such as facial wash. This research aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a facial wash formulation incorporating butterfly pea flower infusion as the active ingredient against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, known opportunistic pathogens in the skin microbiome. Research methodology includes butterfly pea flower infusion extraction, antibacterial facial wash formulation, agar well diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, physicochemical analysis, and organoleptic evaluation. Infuse extraction resulted in 10% butterfly pea infusion. Facial wash formulated using a water-based formulation. Agar well diffusion assay showed medium antibacterial strength. Antibacterial results by MIC revealed that the 4% facial wash formulation has the highest antibacterial activity. Physicochemical evaluation showed an average pH value of 6.81, a spread ability of 8.8 cm and 9.1 cm, a foam volume of 123.3 mL, and a foam height of 11.2 cm. Organoleptic assessment indicated that panelists rated the antibacterial facial wash formulation as satisfactory to good. In conclusion, the butterfly pea flower antibacterial facial wash formulation is effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and is well-accepted by potential consumers.
Paparan Penyelaman Subkronik Memodulasi Profil Eritrosit dan Lipid Darah pada Tikus Wistar Putro, Helen Eko; Torop, Epa Yohana Toga; Fitria, Laksmindra; Mulyati; Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Voluntary diving exercise refers to the behavior of voluntarily swimming underwater for a specific distance and duration. Diving places the body in a hypoxia state, which modulates the regulation of hematopoiesis and lipid metabolism. The effects of repeated voluntary diving exposure over a subchronic period on erythrocyte profiles and blood lipid levels in rats remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of subchronic voluntary diving exercise on erythrocyte profiles and blood lipid levels in rats. Twenty female Wistar rats were divided into a diving group (SL) and a control group (KN). The treatment group underwent diving for 60 days, with a frequency of five training days and two rest days per week. The control group performed swimming activities over the same distance without diving and followed the same schedule. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, and 60 for erythrocyte profile analysis, blood plasma was collected to analyze blood lipid profile. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were euthanized and a necropsy was performed. The spleens were collected and weighed using an analytical balance. On day 60, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, accompanied by increases in MCH and MCHC. These findings indicate that there were fewer circulating red blood cells but with a higher hemoglobin content per cell. These changes, along with the increase in spleen weight, indicate a physiological response to diving exposure involving the spleen and are likely related to erythrocyte redistribution (splenic sequestration). Additionally, the decrease in LDL accompanied by an increase in HDL indicates a more protective lipid profile in rats as a metabolic adaptation. Subchronic voluntary diving exercise in rats triggers physiological adaptations in the form of changes in the erythrocyte profile, increased spleen weight, and an improved lipid profile in response to repeated hypoxia exposure.
Characterization of Microplastics in Water and Sediment for Pollution Assessment at Sidem Beach, Tulungagung Zunisnaini, Zunisnaini; Ahmad Husein Iriansyah; Choirul Anwar
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v17i1.26862

Abstract

Microplastics are synthetic polymers with a size range of less than 5 mm. Microplastics dispersed in aquatic environments are hazardous to natural ecosystems and humans. This study aims to identify the types, colors, and abundance of microplastics at Sidem Beach, Tulungagung. Samples were collected from seawater and sediment. The research stages began with measuring abiotic factors of seawater, followed by sampling, sample drying, purification and separation of microplastic particles, and observation using a stereo microscope. The types of microplastics found in seawater include fragments, filaments, fibers, and foam, with an average abundance of 0,01-0,29 (0,1 ± 0,32) particles/L, with foam dominating at 76%. In sediment, the types of microplastics found include fragments, filaments, fibers, and granules, with an average abundance of 1,33-24 (10,8 ± 16,5) particles/kg, dominated by fibers at 55%. The colors of microplastics identified include transparent, blue, red, black, gray, and white, with white being the most common in seawater and transparent in sediment. The microplastics found in water and sediment at Sidem Beach are likely the result of the degradation of plastic waste originating from anthropogenic activities around the beach. Additionally, they may also come from culinary tourism activities along the Ngrowo River, as well as domestic waste, industrial, and agricultural carried by river flow to the coastal area.
Inventarisasi Mangrove dan Plankton sebagai Indikator Kualitas Air di Wilayah Pesisir Selatan Jember, Jawa Timur Wahab, Abdillah Fatkhul; Indarti, Yuli; Fanani, Nadia; Nailul S.T, Devi; Barid Qodril Ila, Izzata; Fauzi, M. Amir; Nuruzzaman, Adzkafillah; Najib, Muhammad
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v17i1.27915

Abstract

The southern coastal ecosystem of Jember plays an important ecological role but is vulnerable to environmental pressures resulting from natural and anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to inventory mangrove and plankton communities and to analyze their relationships with water quality parameters as coastal bioindicators. Sampling was conducted using a purposive approach at six observation stations. Mangrove data were collected using transect methods, while plankton samples were obtained using a plankton net. Water quality parameters analyzed included temperature, pH, salinity, DO, and BOD, with relationships among variables assessed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that mangrove vegetation consisted of eight species belonging to four families, with Acanthaceae as the dominant family, while the plankton community was dominated by phytoplankton from the class Bacillariophyceae. PCA results indicated that Stations 3 and 6 were influenced by BOD, whereas mangrove and plankton distributions were more strongly correlated with salinity, pH, and DO. These findings demonstrate that the integration of mangrove and plankton communities is effective as a bioindicator of coastal water quality and provides a scientific basis for sustainable coastal ecosystem management.
Faktor Sosial-Ekonomi dan Kesadaran Hukum sebagai Penentu Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Perdagangan llegal Gading Gajah di Sawang, Aceh Utara Yusmadi, Yusmadi; Ridwan Iriadi; Sitti Zubaidah
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v17i1.28133

Abstract

Illegal ivory trade persists in Sawang Subdistrict, North Aceh, despite the legal protection of the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). This study aims to analyze the driving factors and community legal awareness regarding illegal ivory trade. A quantitative descriptive–correlational approach was employed using a cross-sectional survey of 120 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results indicate that community legal awareness is low (composite score = 35), with only 46.2% of respondents aware that elephants are legally protected and merely 12.3% understanding the criminal sanctions for ivory trade. Key driving factors include economic pressure, socio-cultural dynamics, and limited access to information. Regression analysis confirmed all three factors significantly influence low legal awareness (p < 0.05), with information access being the strongest predictor (β = 1.253). The study concludes that repressive law enforcement alone is insufficient to curb illegal ivory trade. Policy recommendations include: (1) integrating Islamic and customary values into conservation education through religious and traditional leaders; (2) developing sustainable alternative livelihoods such as community-based ecotourism; and (3) strengthening local reporting mechanisms via SMS gateway and community radio.

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