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Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 08537240     EISSN : 29644429     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bib.v14i3
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Biologi Fungsional, Struktur dan Perkembangan, Bioteknologi dan Biologi Molekuler, serta Biologi Lingkungan dan Biodiversitas
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 65 Documents
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Analisis Kulit Marmut sebagai Model Hewan dalam Penelitian Dermatologi dan Kedokteran Estetika Fitria, Laksmindra; Gunawan, Isma Cahya Putri
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i2.10295

Abstract

Skin is the main barrier to protect against harmful environmental influences, one of which is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which comes from sunlight. Therefore, skin damage due to UVR (photodamage) has gained prominence in dermatology and aesthetic medicine, especially in tropical countries. Guinea pig (GP) as tropical mammal is potential to serve as animal model for skin-related research due to the similarity of their coat pigmentation to that of humans. This research aims to study the skin condition and histomorphometric structure of GP skin with coat color variations. Samples consisted of six adult female GP with tricolor and tortoiseshell patterns. After neatly shaved in 2 x 2 cm2 area, skin condition is then evaluated using Skin Analyzer. Skin samples were processed into histological preparations using paraffin method with 10 % NBF as fixative and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) to measure the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Results demonstrated that skin moisture levels do not significantly differ between coat colors, higher levels of sebum and pigmentation correspond with darker coat colors, whereas lower levels of elasticity and collagen are associated with lighter coat colors. Histomorphometric examination showed that in tortoiseshell GP, the thickness of the epidermis and dermis increased with the coat color, but in tricolor GP, the thickness of epidermis and dermis varied. Furthermore, tortoiseshell GP have thicker epidermis and dermis than tricolor GP. It can be concluded that coat color affects the skin condition as well as the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Based on the pigmentation pattern, tortoiseshell GP is promoted as the most suitable animal model to represent tropical human skin.
Kajian Etnobotani Tanaman Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) di Díli, Timor-Leste Pinto, Alice
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i1.10483

Abstract

Abstract: Papaya is one of the traditional medicinal plant. All parts of this plant can be used as traditional medicine. This research aims to examine the ethnobotanical use of papaya plant by the people of Díli, Timor-Leste. The sample for this study was 50 people. It was carried out using a questionnaire, which contained structured questions. The result of this study showed that people obtain papaya from their home garden and use it freshly to make traditional medicine. The parts of papaya that can be used are: leaves, roots, fruit and flowers. These parts can be prepared using methods, such as: decoction, mixed with food, fried, consumed directly, heated in a fire, crushed and salad. These can be consumed by eating and drinking to treat internal diseases such as infections and parasites and others diseases of various body systems. It can be used by topical method and for bathing, to treat external diseases such as wounds. The quantity of consuming papaya can be once/day to three times/day. The time period needed to recover from diseases are varies from a day to recovery. This knowledge is obtained from the community itself, which needs to be preserved for future generations.
The Effectiveness of Plant Toxins from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L., 1753) and Purple Lavender (Lavandula officinalis L., 1753) on Rice Bettle Sitophilus oryzae L. (1758) Hafida Ilma, Adella Putri; Falahudin, Irham
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i2.13868

Abstract

Rice beetle Sitophilus oryzae is one of the pests that must be eradicated because it plays a role in reducing rice quality, especially in storage warehouses.Usually the warehouse staff eradicate the rice beetle Sitophilus oryzae with artificial insecticides. However, artificial insecticides are not very friendly to the environment. Researchers try to bring solutions to these problems. This research describes a solution to create natural insecticides derived from plants. It has been proven that natural insecticides are much more environmentally friendly than artificial insecticides. This research used the simplicia powder of the Butterfly Pea Clitoria ternatea and the Purple Lavender Lavandula afficinalis as a test material to see its toxin ability against the rice beetle Sitophyllus oryzae to cause mortality. Researchers used quantities of 2 grams, 4 grams, 6 grams, and 8 grams which were supplemented with controls on each plant. The results of the data obtained are displayed in graphical form and using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and using a further test of Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) using the SPSS ver.25 application to find out the significant difference between the test materials. It can be concluded that the Purple Lavender simplicia powder Lavandula afficinalis can kill the Rice Beetle Sitophyllus oryzae more, with the number of deaths reaching 63 tails and a quantity of 8 grams with the highest mortality rate.
Hubungan Kekerabatan Fenetik Sembilan Spesies Anggota Myrtaceae Berdasarkan Morfologi dan Karakter Anatomis Daun Rizanda, Nabila Hasna
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i3.8235

Abstract

Myrtaceae family is well-known for its beneficial essential oils as anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial. There are more than 30 genera within Myrtaceae family in Indonesia, and they show high morphological variations. This study aims to determine the phenetic relationship of nine species of Myrtacee based on the morphology and leaf anatomical characters. The phenetic relationship was analyzed based on morphology and leaf anatomical characters. Plant samples were collected from the Wanagama and Imogiri Forest areas, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Sample identification resulted in the recognition of nine species belong to the genera Eucalyptus, Syzygium, Eugenia, Psidium, and Melaleuca. Phenetic relationship analysis was carried out by cluster analysis of 30 morphological and leaf anatomical characters using Euclidean distance and the UPGMA clustering method. The resulted dendogram showed the formation of two clusters. The first cluster consists of species from the genus Eucalyptus, while the second cluster consists of species from the genera Syzygium, Eugenia, Psidium, and Melaleuca. The results of principal component analysis showed that bark structure, the type of calcium oxalate crystals, and leaf apex were a three characters with major role in the grouping of species and genera. The results of this study confirm the role of morphological and anatomical characters as taxonomic evidence for the classification of species and genera in Myrtaceae family.
KOMPOSISI NUKLEOTIDA GEN MITOKONDRIA D-LOOP IKAN GLODOK (Periophthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837) DARI PANTAI BAROS BANTUL, D.I. YOGYAKARTA Arisuryanti, Tuty
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i3.13976

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with a larger area of water than land. Consequently, the diversity of organisms inhabiting Indonesian waters is highly varied. Mangroves are one of the aquatic ecosystems found in Indonesia. One type of fish that can be found in the mangrove ecosystem is the barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus). One of the mangrove forests that Periophthalmus argentilineatus can be found is the Mangrove Forest in Baros Beach, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The mangrove ecosystem is influenced by tidal cycles, so the barred mudskipper has unique adaptations, such as breathing with gills during high tide and breathing through the skin and the mucus lining of the mouth and throat during low tide or dry conditions, as well as storing water in its gill cavities. However, research on the composition of mitochondrial D-loop nucleotide of the barred mudskipper is still very limited. The data is crucial and can be used in conservation efforts. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial D-loop gene sequence of the mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus) collected from Baros Beach, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. DNA extraction was performed on seven mudskipper samples, followed by DNA amplification using universal primers L15995 and H16498 targeting the mitochondrial D-loop gene. The study results showed variations in the nucleotide composition of T, A, C, and G in the seven mudskipper samples, which were 25.77%, 27.35%, 21.46%, and 25.42%, respectively. The average nucleotide composition of A+T was 47.2%, while G+C was 52.77%.
The Aerated Compost Extract Increases Growth and Productivity of Red Spinach Plants (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Siswanti, Dwi Umi
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i3.17005

Abstract

Synthetic fertilizers are widely used in agriculture to increase crop yields. However, the impact can suppress soil microbial life and reduce soil quality. Therefore, a study about fertilizer alternative that does not have an environmental bad impact is necessary, and one of which is a study of compost extract. Compost extract is a liquid extract produced from soaking compost for several days by aeration or non-aeration. The aims of the research are to determine the effect and the best dosage of aerated and non-aerated compost extract on plant growth and productivity. The plant that will be used in this research is red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). This reaserch is conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment of compost extract dosage. The chemical parameters of the compost extract analyzed included carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels. Parameters observed are plant height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of roots, stems, and leaves; root shoot ratio; and levels of vitamin C. Data is analyzed using Analysis of variance (Anova), and differences between treatments will test with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a significance level of 95%. The aerated compost extract with an optimum concentration of 75% increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of stems and leaves, and dry weight of stems. The aerated compost extract with 100% optimum concentration increased root fresh weight, root and leaf dry weight, root:shoot ratio, and vitamin C. Keywords: Amaranthus tricolor L.; aerated compost extract; non-aerated compost extract; plant growth; plant productivity.
Tradisi Pembuidau Dan Kandeko Di Kampung Mambui Distrik Urifaisey, Kabupaten Waropen, Papua Dalam Pelaksanaan Etnokonservasi Tumbuhan Mangrove Sujarta, Puguh
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i3.17020

Abstract

Abstract: Papua has natural resources, biodiversity and local wisdom (to manage coastal and marine resources). Research aims: first, to determine knowledge of the Pembuidau and Kandeko traditions; second, to find out knowledge about ethnoconservation of mangrove plants. Data collection techniques using survey, interview and documentation methods. The survey results show that there are seven species of mangrove plants that are utilized by the community, including the leaves, stems, roots, flowers and fruit. Conclusion: first, the Pembuidau and Kandeko Traditions are local wisdom of the Mambui community, including the management of mangrove ecosystems in the form of cleaning the place and planting mangrove plants; second, Ethnoconservation of mangrove plants in a range of uses by the community. The recommendation is to preserve this tradition to maintain the mangrove ecosystem.
Sistem Memori dan Pembelajaran pada Mamalia susilowati, ari; Widiyanto, Slamet; Kusindarta, Dwi Liliek; Wijayanti, Nastiti
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i3.17604

Abstract

Memory formation in mammals involves complex stages, from initial learning to long-term storage. This review highlights key memory-related genes and proteins such as SYNGAP1, Arc/Arg3.1, BDNF, FOXP2, COMT, NR3C1, KIBRA, H-Ras, ERK1/2, and other genes. Mammals serve as important models in memory research due to their evolutionary proximity to humans, providing insights into brain structures such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which are crucial in memory processes. Molecular mechanisms such as transcription, translation, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD), as well as neurotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin, are comprehensively discussed with a focus on small, large mammals, and humans. Neurotransmitters affect various functions, including emotion, cognition, memory, learning, and motor functions in test animals. Disruptions in neurotransmitter homeostasis have been linked to numerous neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the need to understand the complex mechanisms behind memory in mammals. A brief overview of genes and neurotransmitters related to memory and learning will provide insights and considerations in basic neurobiology and biomedical research.
Cytotoxic Activity of Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC. Extract and Fraction on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Nuringtyas, Tri Rini; Nastiti, Anisa Diana; Surta, Muhammad Imam; Lailaty, Intani Quarta; Damayanti, Frisca
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 16 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v16i1.9851

Abstract

Marine algae is a biological source that is rich in bioactive activity. Marine algae is an important source of macronutrients, especially proteins and lipids, as well as micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals along with dietary fiber and other minoritarian constituents such as polyphenols. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant of hydrolysate protein of Sargassum sp. as. The work method was started by collecting Sargassum sp. in the intertidal zone of the South Coast of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta and then brought to the laboratory for extraction. Protein hydrolysate was obtained by protein extraction using phosphate buffer and triRNA kit. Several buffers was used to optimize the extraction, namely PBS buffer, Tris HCl buffer and plant extraction buffer The protein obtained were evaluated in the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The isolated protein subjected for the trypsin digestion to obtain the hydrolysate protein then followed by antioxidant assays using DPPH test. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA statistics for the antioxidant test. Several ratios of trypsin and protein are used to find the optimal ratio to produce protein hydrolysate. From the result it was observed that the best buffer solvent to use was Tris HCl buffer for the isolation of Sargassum sp. This can affect the protein profile of the Sargassum sp protein hydrolysate. by producing higher protein precipitates than other buffer types.
Morfometri Tubuh Dan Indeks Organ Ayam Broiler [Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)] Setelah Pemberian Ampas Kelapa Fermentasi Menggunakan Kapang Mucor irregularis saragih, hendry; Salsabila, Aileen Arhand; Artik, Arba' Ramdhani; Megantari, Priscilla; Ilmi, Miftahul
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 16 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v16i1.14109

Abstract

Broiler chickens are the most popular livestock commodity due to their high protein content. Improving chicken rearing quality is needed to produce high quality chickens. Feed is one of the determining factors for broiler growth. This research was conducted to study the potential of adding broiler feed with fermented coconut pulp using Mucor irregularis on morphometric development and lymphoid organs (bursa fabricius and lien), pectoralis major muscle growth, and small intestine length. Total 180 male broiler chickens (Gallus gallus gallus) post-hatch (DOC) were separated into 5 groups with 3 replicates and each replicate amounted to 12 chickens. The control group (K) was given basal feed, treatment 1 (P1) and P2 were given non-fermented coconut pulp (1% and 2%), while P3 and P4 were given fermented coconut pulp (1% and 2%), chickens rearing were done until 16 days old (3 days of acclimation). Body morphometry measurements were taken and 3 chickens from each group were dissected to measure muscle organ index, bursa fabricius and lien, and small intestine length. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA with Duncan's test (α = 0.05). The highest increase in chicken body morphometry, organ index of bursa fabricius, lien, pectoralis major muscle, and length of small intestine is owned by P4 group chickens. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that the addition of fermented coconut pulp in feed has a good impact on the growth of chicken body morphometry, increased weight and index of lymphoid organs (bursa fabricius and lien) and pectoralis major muscle, and lengthening of the small intestine.

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